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111.
It has been reported that nitrogen in the leaves of tobacco plant was translocated to the stem and root during the ripening period (1). Free amino acids in the leaves would play an important role in the translocation of nitrogen. It was also reported that the amino acids injected into the tobacco leaves were translocated to the roots (2,3). It seems probable that the translocation of amino acids would be characteristic among the individual amino acid. As reported previously, 14C assimilated in the leaves is translocated rapidly to the roots (2). Although it has been well known that the photosynthetic product was translocated mainly in the form of sugar, possibility that a part of photosynthetic products is translocated in the form of amino acid would be expected, because the carbon is incorporated rapidly into some of the amino acids, such as glycine, serine and alanine (4). 相似文献
112.
Ryoya Seto Kazuhiko Fujisao Akiko Toriumi Koki Homma Ryosuke Tajima 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):677-685
ABSTRACTPoor response of rice to phosphorus (P) fertilization and low phytoavailability of soil P have been reported in sandy rainfed fields in northeast Thailand. In order to evaluate the effects of mild soil drying on the uptake of P by rainfed lowland rice, we carried out nutrient omission trials for nitrogen (N) and P at Ubon Ratchathani Rice Research Center under rainfed and flooded conditions. The surface soil was classified as sandy loam. To avoid severe soil drying and drought stress in the rainfed field, soil water potential at a depth of 20 cm was maintained at the field capacity (> ?20 kPa) by flush irrigation. The effects of flooding and drying on the soil properties were also evaluated in the laboratory using soils with diverse textures in and around the center. In the field experiments, the above-ground biomass of rice plants (RD6) did not respond significantly to P fertilization in the rainfed field, although it responded positively to N fertilization. Root length in the surface 10 cm under the rainfed condition was significantly smaller than that under the flooded condition due partly to the increased soil hardness upon drying, but this could not quantitatively explain the large discrepancy of P uptake observed between the rainfed and flooded conditions. Under the rainfed condition, the P uptake did not increase significantly, even when the concentration of soil Bray P was tripled by transferring the surface soil from the flooded to the rainfed field. From the laboratory experiments, it was further suggested that soil P was supplied mainly by diffusion and that the effective diffusion coefficient for P can become less than one-tenth of the value in the flooded field when the sandy soil with clay at around 10% dried to ?100 kPa. Our results suggest that the uptake of P by the rainfed lowland rice grown in sandy soil can be limited physically by mild soil drying that reduces the supply of P to roots by diffusion rather than the chemical extractability of soil P. 相似文献
113.
This paper reports on an empirical investigation about regional economic impacts by the promotion of wood chip utilization in Maniwa city, Japan. We clarify the estimated potential of regional economy development by using input–output analysis for Maniwa city. The result indicates that 315 million JPY of woody chip products can be estimated to generate roughly 448 million JPY of direct, indirect, and induced economic effects. The value of 448 million JPY was equivalent to about 0.2 % of total production value in Maniwa. It is also expected to create approximately 21 jobs by promotion of wood chip utilization. We examined the regional economic impacts on the woody biomass utilization, and evaluated to estimate direct, indirect and induced economic effects, and job creation to clarify the economic impact on Maniwa. We will leave the negative economic effects and the environmental impacts in the process of woody biomass utilization as a future task. 相似文献
114.
115.
Shota NISHIMURA Toshio WATANABE Atsushi OGINO Kazuhiro SHIMIZU Mitsuo MORITA Yoshikazu SUGIMOTO Akiko TAKASUGA 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(1):1-7
Two taurine breeds, Japanese Black and Holstein, established from geographically distant origins and selected for different uses, beef and dairy, were extensively genotyped using a genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip with more than 1000 animals of each breed. The genetic structure was examined by principal component analysis, in which the first principal component clearly separated the two breeds and explained more than 15% of the variance. Highly differentiated SNPs were detected throughout the genome, some of which were clustered within small regions on BTA4 (79.2–79.7 Mb, Btau4.0) and BTA26 (22.2–23.6 Mb). A breed assignment test was developed using 18 highly differentiated SNPs to distinguish Japanese Black from F1 (Japanese Black × Holstein) and Holstein. The error rate that an F1 or Holstein animal is misjudged as Japanese Black was expected to be < 0.8%, while the error rate that a Japanese Black animal is misjudged as F1 or Holstein was expected to be < 0.001%. This test provides a reliable and powerful method to detect breed label falsification in retail beef. 相似文献
116.
Craig M. Costion Jolie Liston Ann H. Kitalong Akiko Iida Andrew J. Lowe 《Biological conservation》2012,147(1):153-162
The need for a global priority list for threatened plants has been widely recognized by the conservation community, yet the threatened status of the majority of the world’s plants species remains poorly known. This is especially true in the tropics and the oceanic islands of the Pacific, where progress towards the targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) 2011–2020 is hindered by the paucity of complete species distribution data. Here we outline a new methodology to undertake threatened species assessments where detailed contemporary population data is lacking. This new interdisciplinary methodology draws upon the synthesis of archaeological and botanical data to calculate a percentage of long-term decline in habitat quality. We use this method to assess the threatened status of the endemic flora of Palau, Micronesia, a Pacific island nation known for its high levels of plant diversity and endemism, by utilizing data extending back to human colonization of the archipelago. For Palau, we calculate the percentage of a long-term decline in habitat quality to be 31–39% of the total available range of 55% of the endemic plant species. These data are also used to address a long debated question in the western Pacific: Are the origins of the savanna vegetation anthropogenic? Strong evidence for anthropogenic savannas in Micronesia support the estimated extent of historic deforestation in Palau. This new method worked well in our case study, and can be used in other locations with incomplete species distribution data to establish a first basis for conservation prioritization. 相似文献
117.
Taeko Shibaya Chika Kuroda Shinobu Nakayama Chiharu Minami Akiko Obara Takayoshi Fujii Sachiko Isobe 《Breeding Science》2021,71(2):201
In carrot (Daucus carota L.), the taproot colors orange, yellow and white are determined mostly by the Y, Y2, and Or loci. One of the most severe issues in carrot seed production is contamination by wild white carrot. To evaluate the contamination ratio, easily detectable DNA markers for white carrot are desired. To develop PCR-based DNA markers for the Y2 locus, we have re-sequenced two orange-colored carrot cultivars at our company (Fujii Seed, Japan), as well as six white- and one light-orange-colored carrots that contaminated our seed products. Within the candidate region previously reported for the Y2 locus, only one DNA marker, Y2_7, clearly distinguished white carrots from orange ones in the re-sequenced samples. The Y2_7 marker was further examined in 12 of the most popular hybrid orange cultivars in Japan, as well as ‘Nantes’ and ‘Chantenay Red Cored 2’. The Y2_7 marker showed that all of the orange cultivars examined had the orange allele except for ‘Beta-441’. False white was detected in the orange-colored ‘Beta-441’. The Y2_7 marker detected white root carrot contamination in an old open-pollinated Japanese cultivar, ‘Nakamura Senkou Futo’. This marker would be a useful tool in a carrot seed quality control for some cultivars. 相似文献
118.
Walid El-Rodeny Mitsuhiro Kimura Hideki Hirakawa Attia Sabah Kenta Shirasawa Shusei Sato Satoshi Tabata Shigemi Sasamoto Akiko Watanabe Kumiko Kawashima Midori Kato Tsuyuko Wada Hisano Tsuruoka Chika Takahashi Chiharu Minami Keiko Nanri Shinobu Nakayama Mitsuyo Kohara Manabu Yamada Yoshie Kishida Tsunakazu Fujishiro Sachiko Isobe 《Breeding Science》2014,64(3):252-263
To develop a high density linkage map in faba bean, a total of 1,363 FBES (Faba bean expressed sequence tag [EST]-derived simple sequence repeat [SSR]) markers were designed based on 5,090 non-redundant ESTs developed in this study. A total of 109 plants of a ‘Nubaria 2’ × ‘Misr 3’ F2 mapping population were used for map construction. Because the parents were not pure homozygous lines, the 109 F2 plants were divided into three subpopulations according to the original F1 plants. Linkage groups (LGs) generated in each subpopulation were integrated by commonly mapped markers. The integrated ‘Nubaria 2’ × ‘Misr 3’ map consisted of six LGs, representing a total length of 684.7 cM, with 552 loci. Of the mapped loci, 47% were generated from multi-loci diagnostic (MLD) markers. Alignment of homologous sequence pairs along each linkage group revealed obvious syntenic relationships between LGs in faba bean and the genomes of two model legumes, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. In a polymorphic analysis with ten Egyptian faba bean varieties, 78.9% (384/487) of the FBES markers showed polymorphisms. Along with the EST-SSR markers, the dense map developed in this study is expected to accelerate marker assisted breeding in faba bean. 相似文献
119.
Takashi Nakatsuka Yoshiko Abe Yuko Kakizaki Akiko Kubota Norimoto Shimada Masahiro Nishihara 《Euphytica》2009,168(1):113-119
Ornamental gentian plants are perennial and have a juvenile period of over 1 year before flowering. We transformed gentian
plants with a construct comprising the Arabidopsis
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene (encoding a major component protein of the flowering hormone ‘florigen’) under the control of the rolC promoter from Agrobacterium rhizogenes, which is known to induce vascular-specific expression. The resultant rolCpro-FT transgenic gentian plants showed early flowering in vitro and the earliest line formed floral buds within 4 months
after transformation. Regeneration experiments from leaf explants of these rolCpro-FT transgenic plants also confirmed the early flowering phenotype. After acclimatization, these transgenic plants showed
normal floral development in a closed greenhouse. There is no effective method to induce early flowering by cultivation management
in gentian, therefore these lines might be very useful as annual early season cultivars. 相似文献
120.
Takeshi Ohta Yasufumi Toriniwa Naruhiko Ryumon Nobuhiro Inaba Tadaaki Hirao Saori Yamanaka Takayuki Maeno Wakako Sakakibara Morio Sumikawa Kaoru Chiba Akiko Nakamura Katsuhiro Miyajima Fatchiyah Fatchiyah Takahisa Yamada 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):149-155
The onset and progression of type II diabetes is closely related to environmental factors, in particular dietary habit. Moreover, the environmental exposures very early in life can influence the risk for development of type II diabetes later in life. In this study, we investigated pathophysiological changes in the pups of maternal Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats that were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) throughout gestation and lactation. Maternal SDT rats were continued on HFD for 5 weeks, from day 8 of gestation to day 21 after birth, and biological analyses of the pups were performed from 2 to 22 weeks of age. Results of serum lipid levels in pups from dams fed HFD were higher than pups from dams fed a standard diet, and the onset of diabetes was significantly accelerated in pups from dams fed HFD. In pathological analyses, pups from dams fed HFD showed increases in liver weight and vacuolation of hepatic cells at 2 weeks of age. In conclusion, the metabolic disorder of lipids and glucose in SDT rats is closely related to the nutritional condition of dams during the periods of gestation and lactation. 相似文献