Use of a regression method to partition sources of ecosystem respiration in an alpine meadow     

Pengcheng Zhang  Yanhong Tang  Akinori Yamamoto 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(4):663-802

The partitioning of ecosystem respiration (ER) into plant respiration (PR), aboveground-part respiration (AGR), root respiration (RR), and microbial respiration (MR) components is crucial for understanding the responses of carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Here, we present the ER-PB/AGB regression method, which is a modification of the SR-BGB method (PB, plant biomass; AGB, aboveground biomass; SR, soil respiration; BGB, belowground biomass) and is based on the assumption of a linear relationship between biomass and respiration rate for the partitioning of ER into PR, AGR, RR, and MR. Diurnal measurements of CO₂ flux and biomass analysis were conducted in three Kobresia (Kobresia pygmaea, Kobresia humilis, and Kobresia tibetica) meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We found significant linear relationships between ER and PB/AGB in the three meadows. However, the relationships between measured SR and BGB were either not significant or lower than those between ER and PB/AGB. The relative contributions of respiration components (AGR, RR, MR) to ER decreased consistently in the order AGR > MR > RR in the three Kobresia meadows. The contributions of RR and MR to SR calculated by the proposed ER-PB/AGB method differed widely among the three meadows and were consistently higher (RR) and lower (MR) than those by the SR-BGB method in all three meadows. Compared with the SR-BGB technique, our ER-PB/AGB regression method proved capable of determining more accurately the temporal changes in a larger number of respiration components.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional common-feature hypotheses of inhibitors of calling behaviour and in vitro [14C]acetate incorporation by pheromone glands of Plodia interpunctella     

Hirashima A  Eiraku T  Shigeta Y  Kuwano E  Taniguchi E  Eto M 《Pest management science》2002,58(11):1118-1125

Some octopamine (OA) agonists were found to suppress the calling behaviour and pheromone biosynthesis in vitro of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), a stored-product pest. Compounds were screened using a calling behaviour bioassay of female P interpunctella. Three active derivatives, with activity at the nanomolar level, were identified. In order of decreasing pheromonostatic activity these were: 2-(2-ethyl-6-methylanilino)oxazolidine > 2-(2,6-diethylanilino)thiazolidine > 2-(2,6-diethylanilino)oxazolidine. These compounds showed also in vitro inhibitory activities in de novo pheromone biosynthesis. Three-dimensional pharmacophore hypotheses were built from a set of 19 compounds. Among the ten common-featured models generated by the program Catalyst/HipHop, a hypothesis including a ring aromatic group (RA), a positive ionizable group (PI) and two hydrophobic aliphatic (HpA1) features was considered to be essential for inhibitory activity in the calling behaviour and pheromone biosynthesis in vitro. Active compounds mapped well onto all the RA, PI and HpA1 features of the hypothesis. Less-active compounds were shown not to achieve the energetically favourable conformation which was found in the active molecules in order to fit the 3-D common-feature pharmacophore models. The present studies demonstrate that inhibition of calling behaviour and PBAN-stimulated incorporation of radioactivity is by OA-agonistic activity.  相似文献   

Cloning and characterization of pea apyrases: involvement of <Emphasis Type="Italic">PsAPY1 </Emphasis>in response to signal molecules from the pea pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycosphaerella pinodes</Emphasis>     

Tomoharu Kawahara  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Akinori Kiba  Akiko Miura  Takako Ohgawara  Mikihiro Yamamoto  Yoshishige Inagaki  Yuki Ichinose  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):33-38

 Two nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library of Pisum sativum L., cv. Midoriusui. The genes encoding the cDNAs were designated PsAPY1 and PsAPY2. PsAPY1 included the N-terminal amino acid sequence of an NTPase bound to pea cell wall. The phylogenic analysis indicated that PsAPY1 belongs to an NTPase subfamily responsive to environmental stimuli and that PsAPY2 belongs to a discrete subfamily, the physiological role of which is almost unknown. The adenosine triphosphatase activity of recombinant PsAPY1 was regulated by an elicitor and a suppressor from the pea pathogen Mycosphaerella pinodes. Based on these findings, we discuss the role of NTPases in response to biological stresses. Received: May 27, 2002 / Accepted: July 31, 2002  相似文献   

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paprika mild mottle virus</Emphasis> first isolated in Japan     

Hiroyuki Hamada  Shigeharu Takeuchi  Yasuaki Morita  Hiromasa Sawada  Akinori Kiba  Yasufumi Hikichi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(3):199-204

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Timing and extent of hypersensitive response are critical to restrict local and systemic spread of Pepper mild mottle virus in pepper containing the L 3 gene     

Hiroyuki Hamada  Shigeharu Takeuchi  Akinori Kiba  Shinya Tsuda  Kazumi Suzuki  Yasufumi Hikichi  Tetsuro Okuno 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(1):90-94

Amino acid changes in Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) coat protein (CP) that enhance, decrease, or nullify the resistance-inducing activity in Capsicum plants carrying the L ³ gene have been identified. In this study, molecular events underlying the L ³ -gene-mediated resistance were analyzed through the expression of hypersensitive response (HR)-related genes, HSR203J-Cc and HIN1-Cc, and defense-related genes, PR1-Cc and PR4b-Cc, upon infection with PMMoV CP mutants. The expression kinetics of the genes correlated with the degree of restriction of virus distribution in the inoculated leaves. The results suggest that the timing and extent of HR are critical factors to restrict virus spread both locally and systemically in L ³ -gene-mediated resistance.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL databases under accession numbers AB162220 (HSR203J-Cc), AB162221 (HIN1-Cc), AB162222 (PR1-Cc), and AB162223 (PR4b-Cc)  相似文献   

Novel polymorphism of the canine dopamine receptor D4 gene intron II region     

Hidetoshi NARA  Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA  Akiko KOSHIMURA  Akinori SUGIYAMA  Yuichi MURAYAMA  Masami MAEJIMA  Yuko UEDA  Hideyuki ITO  Ettore RANDI  Heui-Soo KIM  Ji-Hong HA  Hitoshi KITAGAWA  Yukari TAKEUCHI  Yuji MORI  Toshiroh IWASAKI  Mitsuo MORITA  Katuaki ÔTA  Shin'ichi ITO 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):81-86

Various dog breeds are remarkably different from each other not only in their sizes and shapes but also in behavioral traits, suggesting that some of these characteristics are under genetic control. However, little is known about genes related to behavioral traits in canine species. In humans, it has been reported that the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) includes polymorphism at several regions that relate to personality or psychiatric disorders. In an earlier study by the authors of the present study, the polymorphisms in canine DRD4 exon III and exon I regions were reported. In the present study, a novel polymorphism in canine DRD4 intron II was found based on a 17 base pair insertion/deletion, and the two alleles detected were named P (shorter allele) and Q (longer allele). The allelic distribution in 28 breeds of dog, including a total of 1114 unrelated individuals, were then investigated. Both P and Q alleles were detected in most of the breeds investigated; however, the frequencies of P and Q differed greatly between breeds. With respect to classification based on breed origin, P and Q alleles were frequent in Occidental and Oriental breeds, respectively. Furthermore, two subspecies of wolves, the ancestors of dogs, were analyzed for the comparison of allele frequencies with dogs, and the P allele was predominant in both European and Chinese wolves.  相似文献   

Quantitative structure—activity studies of some octopaminergic agonists against Periplaneta americana     

Akinori Hirashima  Eiji Taniguchi  Morifusa Eto 《Pest management science》1995,43(4):311-315

The quantitative relationship between the structure of 2-(arylimino) thiazolidines (AITs), arylethanolamines (AEAs) and 2-(arylalkylamino)-2-thi-azolines (AATs) and their octopamine (OA)-agonist activities against the ventral nerve cord of American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L., was analysed using reported physicochemical parameters and regression analysis. The electronic nature of a substituent was the most important factor for AAT, followed by the hydrophobic effects: the more electron-donating and the more hydrophobic the substituent, the greater the activity. The hydrophobic nature of a substituent in AEA was the most important factor, followed by the steric effects: the more hydrophobic the substituent, the greater the activity. The more electron-donating the substituent of AIT, the greater the activity.  相似文献   

Amyloidosis in two Stejneger's beaked whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri) stranded at the Sea of Japan.     

Yuko Tajima  Akinori Shimada  Tadasu K Yamada  Daniel F Cowan 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(1):108-113

Amyloidosis is a disease characterized by the tissue deposition of autologous extracellular fibrillar proteins that can result in compression of adjacent tissues. Amyloidosis is well-recognized in a wide variety of animals, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. However, to date, there is only one report of amyloidosis in cetaceans. During 1999 and 2000, among 12 Stejneger's beaked whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri) that were stranded along the Sea of Japan's coast, amyloidosis was found in two whales (case 1, 498 cm, male; case 2, 520 cm, female). For this study population, the prevalence rate of amyloidosis was approximately 17%. These two animals were considered physically and sexually mature based on body length, external features, gonad characteristics, and skeletal features. Livers were notably swollen, fragile, and pale (brownish yellow) on gross examination. A large deposit of amyloid was found in Disse's spaces along with marked atrophy of the hepatocytes. Numerous granulomas, including many nematodes (Crassicauda sp.), were found along with amyloid deposition in the kidneys. Amyloid was also detected in the heart, spleen, adrenal gland, and pancreas. Amyloid in both cases was identified by typical morphology on H&E and Congo red staining. Electron microscopy displayed a typical network of fine fibrils measuring about 11 nm in diameter. This is the first report of amyloidosis in two Stejneger's beaked whales stranded on the coast of the Sea of Japan.  相似文献   

Individual variations in monoterpenes released from Cryptomeria japonica and Pinus thunbergii needles     

Sadanobu Katoh  Tohru Furukawa  Akinori Mizuguchi  Takeshi Furuno 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(5):466-469

Variations in the compositions of low boiling point (LBP) monoterpenes in needle samples from 99 sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and 100 kuromatsu (Pinus thunbergii) trees were investigated using a headspace technique. Considerable variations in the proportions of monoterpenes were revealed in both species. In sugi, the proportions of sabinene and α-pinene in the total LBP monoterpenes, ranging from 8.8% to 73.3% and from 14.5% to 73.3%, respectively, showed enormous variations among nine monoterpenes. The proportions of 3-carene and limonene, ranging from 0.1% to 29.5% and from 0.2% to 20.4%, respectively, also showed very specific variations. In kuromatsu, the proportions of β-pinene and α-pinene in the total LBP monoterpenes, ranging from 26.5% to 66.3% and from 18.7% to 46.9%, respectively, showed considerable variations among ten monoterpenes. The proportions of myrcene and 1,8-cineole, ranging from 0.9% to 18.5% and from 0.8% to 12.3%, respectively, also showed specific variations. Part of this article was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April, 2000, and the 13th Annual Meeting of the Chugoku Shikoku Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Okayama, September 2001  相似文献   

Effect of dairy manure type and supplemental synthetic fertilizer on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a grassland in Nasu,Japan     

Akinori Mori  Masayuki Hojito 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):347-358

Abstract

It is well known that some fungal species are remarkably tolerant of high copper concentration, although copper is toxic to most fungi (Garraway and Evans 1984). Bedford (1936) and Jurkowska (1952) reported that Penicillium and Aspergillus species can grow in liquid media saturated or nearly saturated with copper sulfate. Okamoto and Fuwa (1974) isolated Penicillium ochro-chloron from the laboratory air, and found that the fungus was able to grow in a medium saturated with copper sulfate.  相似文献