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81.
Micromechanics of wood subjected to axial tension 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Parviz Navi Pramod K. Rastogi Valérie Gresse Ali Tolou 《Wood Science and Technology》1995,29(6):411-429
Summary The behaviour of a small group of wood fibers of Sitka spruce during tensile loading is investigated. The load-extension curves for both early and late wood fibers consist of three distinct segments. The first segment is almost a straight line, at some stage of loading a yield point is observed. Beyond this point the specimen becomes less stiff and undergoes a large, mainly irreversible deformation. As the load is increased further, the curve exhibits the third segment showed by a significant change in slope. These curves look different from those obtained on thick specimens. In this respect, the behaviour of a thin wood specimen subjected to cyclic type tensile loading along its longitudinal direction is also illustrated. Based on wood microstructure, a model is presented to interpret the evolution of the Young's modulus of a wood fiber during tensile loading. The model considers wood as an assembly of cylindrical fibers pasted together in a longitudinal direction. We have assumed the cell wall to comprise only an S2 layer made of a composite material consisting of a lignin and hemicellulose matrix reinforced by helical microfibrils along the fiber. Furthermore, it is assumed that the microfibril angle a in the S2 layer is not uniform along the fiber axis and matrix degradation occurs in the zones where the microfibril angles are bigger. The validity of this assumption is verified by using holographic interferometry to visualize the displacement field of the specimen's surface under tension.The work reported in this paper is supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation, and its support is gratefully acknowledged 相似文献
82.
A new steroidal alkaloid, named antidysentericine, has been isolated from the seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica and characterized as 3 beta-dimethylaminocon-5-enin-18-one (1). 相似文献
83.
Asgari Safdar Amir Hossein Sadeghi Ali Asghar 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(1):185-189
Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study was conducted to evaluate the male effect on the manifestation of estrus and feeding behavior of Afshari ewes during their breeding season. The... 相似文献
84.
Mohamed M’BAYE Guohua HUA Hamid Ali KHAN Liguo YANG 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(5):391-397
Inhibins are members of the TGFβ superfamily and act as suppressors
of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from pituitary glands
via a negative feedback mechanism to regulate folliculogenesis. In
this study, the INHBB gene was knocked down by three
RNAi-Ready pSIREN-RetroQ-ZsGreen vector- mediated recombinant plasmids
to explore the effects of INHBB silencing on
granulosa cell (GC) cell cycle, apoptosis and steroid production
in vitro. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction, Western blot, flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to
evaluate the role of INHBB in the mouse GC cell
cycle, apoptosis and steroid production in vitro. The
results showed that the relative mRNA and protein expression of
INHBB in mouse GCs can be significantly reduced by
RNAi with pshRNA-B1, pshRNA-B2 and pshRNA-B3 plasmids, with pshRNA-B3
having the best knockdown efficiency. Downregulation of the expression
of INHBB significantly arrests cells in the G1 phase
of the cell cycle and increases the apoptosis rate in GCs. This was
further confirmed by downregulation of the protein expressions of
Cyclin D1, Cyclin E and Bcl2, while the protein expression of Bax was
upregulated. In addition, specific downregulation of
INHBB markedly decreased the concentration of
estradiol and progesterone, which was further validated by the
decrease in the mRNA levels of CYP19A1and
CYP11A1. These findings suggest that inhibin βB is
important in the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression in
granulosa cells. Furthermore, the inhibin βB subunit has a role in the
regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Evidence is accumulating
to support the concept that inhibin βB is physiologically essential
for early folliculogenesis in the mouse. 相似文献
85.
Effect of different levels of dietary sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens 下载免费PDF全文
Zohreh Pourhossein Ali Ahmad Alaw Qotbi Alireza Seidavi Vito Laudadio Gerardo Centoducati Vincenzo Tufarelli 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(1):105-110
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract (SOPE) on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens. Three hundred 1‐day broilers (Ross‐308) were randomly allocated to treatments varying in supplemental SOPE added in the drinking water. The experimental groups consisted of three treatments fed for 42 days as follows: a control treatment without feed extract, a treatment containing 1000 ppm of SOPE and a treatment containing 1250 ppm of SOPE. All treatments were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Broilers were vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian influenza (AI), infectious bursal disease (IBD) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines. Antibody titer response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was higher in the group fed 1250 ppm of SOPE (P < 0.05) as well as for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Similarly, antibody titer responses to all vaccines were constantly elevated (P < 0.05) by SOPE enrichment in a dose‐dependent manner. Relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius were unaffected by treatments. Dietary SOPE supplementation may improve the immune response and diseases resistance, indicating that it can constitute a useful additive in broiler feeding. Thus, supplying SOPE in rations may help to improve relative immune response in broiler chickens. 相似文献
86.
Bose M Hao X Ju J Husain A Park S Lambert JD Yang CS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7695-7700
The effect of a combination of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with fish oil on intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc (Min/+) mice fed a high-fat diet was investigated in the present study. The combined treatment of EGCG and fish oil for 9 weeks reduced the tumor number by 53% as compared to controls while neither agent alone had a significant effect. Apoptosis was significantly increased in all treatment groups. beta-Catenin nuclear positivity in adenomas from the combination group was lower than control mice, implicating the modulation of Wnt signaling by the combination. Fish oil and the combination significantly reduced prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) levels in small intestinal tumors as compared to controls, suggesting modulation of aberrant arachidonic acid metabolism by fish oil. Akt phosphorylation in adenomas was significantly reduced in all treatment groups, which may have contributed to the observed increase in apoptosis. The results indicate that a combination of low doses of EGCG and fish oil can inhibit tumor multiplicity in Apc (Min/+) mice. 相似文献
87.
Genetics and mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin in a field population of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) causes enormous losses in many economically important crops. The genetics of insecticide resistance has been extensively studied in several insect pests, but there is a lack of information on S. litura. Therefore, the genetics and mechanisms of the resistance of S. litura to deltamethrin were investigated. RESULTS: Bioassays at generation G1 gave resistance ratios of 9, 5, 41, 52 and 49 for deltamethrin, cypermethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and triazofos respectively, when compared with the susceptible Lab-PK strain. Bioassays at G4 with a deltamethrin-selected population (Delta-SEL) showed that selection gave resistance ratios of 63 and 7 for deltamethrin when compared with the Lab-PK and UNSEL strains respectively. Cross-resistance to other insecticides tested was observed in the selected population. A notable feature of the Delta-SEL strain was that resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos did not decline over the course of five generations. Synergism tests with microsomal oxidase (MO) and esterase-specific inhibitors indicated that the deltamethrin resistance was associated with MO and, possibly, esterase activity. Reciprocal crosses between the Delta-SEL and Lab-PK strains indicated that resistance was autosomal and incompletely dominant. A direct test of monogenic inheritance suggested that resistance to deltamethrin was controlled by more than one locus. CONCLUSION: Stability and dominance of resistance and cross-resistance suggest that insecticides with different modes of action should be recommended to reduce pyrethroid selection pressure. 相似文献
88.
Turan S Topcu A Karabulut I Vural H Hayaloglu AA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):10787-10794
The fatty acid, sn-2 fatty acid, triacyglycerol (TAG), tocopherol, and phytosterol compositions of kernel oils obtained from nine apricot varieties grown in the Malatya region of Turkey were determined ( P<0.05). The names of the apricot varieties were Alyanak (ALY), Cataloglu (CAT), C?loglu (COL), Hacihaliloglu (HAC), Hacikiz (HKI), Hasanbey (HSB), Kabaasi (KAB), Soganci (SOG), and Tokaloglu (TOK). The total oil contents of apricot kernels ranged from 40.23 to 53.19%. Oleic acid contributed 70.83% to the total fatty acids, followed by linoleic (21.96%), palmitic (4.92%), and stearic (1.21%) acids. The s n-2 position is mainly occupied with oleic acid (63.54%), linoleic acid (35.0%), and palmitic acid (0.96%). Eight TAG species were identified: LLL, OLL, PLL, OOL+POL, OOO+POO, and SOO (where P, palmitoyl; S, stearoyl; O, oleoyl; and L, linoleoyl), among which mainly OOO+POO contributed to 48.64% of the total, followed by OOL+POL at 32.63% and OLL at 14.33%. Four tocopherol and six phytosterol isomers were identified and quantified; among these, gamma-tocopherol (475.11 mg/kg of oil) and beta-sitosterol (273.67 mg/100 g of oil) were predominant. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the data from lipid components of apricot kernel oil in order to explore the distribution of the apricot variety according to their kernel's lipid components. PCA separated some varieties including ALY, COL, KAB, CAT, SOG, and HSB in one group and varieties TOK, HAC, and HKI in another group based on their lipid components of apricot kernel oil. So, in the present study, PCA was found to be a powerful tool for classification of the samples. 相似文献
89.
【目的】研究枣实蝇在寄主植物果实不同发育期的危害程度对其最佳防治期。【方法】分析枣园对不同寄主枣树样枝套袋枣实蝇的蛀果率,调查虫口密度;室内饲养测定果实不同发育期对枣实蝇生长发育和繁殖的影响,分析和评价枣实蝇对不同发育期骏枣和酸枣果实的生物学响应变化。【结果】枣实蝇对骏枣果实的蛀果率均大于对酸枣的蛀果率,并且枣实蝇在骏枣果实成熟期蛀果率为最大;成熟期骏枣上的虫口密度也最大;骏枣上雌虫产卵痕数、幼虫数和卵的孵化率均大于酸枣上的枣实蝇。在枣果着色期和成熟期,蛹的各项生长指标均高于膨大期;果实不同发育期,骏枣上的蛹各项生长指标均显著大于(P<0.05)酸枣上的;骏枣上枣实蝇的蛹期、雌虫怀卵量、性成熟历期、交配时间以及雌雄成虫寿命均略大于酸枣,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】枣实蝇对骏枣的选择性强于酸枣,并且成熟期的骏枣果实更适宜枣实蝇生长发育。 相似文献
90.
【目的】研究新疆盐碱环境中耐盐植物白刺的根际土壤和叶片内生微生物群落的结构丰富度和多样性。【方法】运用Novaseq测序平台对白刺根际土壤和叶片进行16SrDNA-V4区和ITS1区测序。经FLASH进行拼接,经过Qiim过滤叶绿体和线粒体序列,得到的序列在97%的序列相似性水平上聚类成为操作分类单元(OTUs)。对序列数据进行生物信息学分析,评价物种的Chao1指数、shannon指数以及Alpha多样性。【结果】白刺根际土壤细菌优势菌群为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes);真菌优势菌群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)。叶片内生细菌优势菌群为蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria);真菌优势菌群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota),白刺不同部位的微生物菌群数量和多样性有显著差异(P<0.05),白刺各样地之间微生物群落构成差异明显。【结论】白刺不同部位微生物群落的丰富度和多样性分布。 相似文献