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71.
Tomographic imaging indicates that slabs of subducted lithosphere can sink deep into Earth's lower mantle. The view that convective flow is stratified at 660-kilometer depth and preserves a relatively pristine lower mantle is therefore not tenable. However, a range of geophysical evidence indicates that compositionally distinct, hence convectively isolated, mantle domains may exist in the bottom 1000 kilometers of the mantle. Survival of these domains, which are perhaps related to local iron enrichment and silicate-to-oxide transformations, implies that mantle convection is more complex than envisaged by conventional end-member flow models. 相似文献
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Extract Madam:- Transmission of Johne's disease (JD) under natural conditions from sheep to cattle has been demonstrated in iceland(2) but not in New Zealand.(1) The reverse, sheep becoming infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis of bovine origin, has been shown experimentally with large inocula (c. 5 × 109organisms/lamb),(3) but not under natural conditions. It could be important in New Zealand where sheep may be used to “clean up” pasture grazed by paratuberculous cattle. 相似文献
74.
Abstract Extract Among the puzzling aspects of the recently described autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) of sheep (Johnstone et al 2005) is the multiplicity of organ systems affected and the phenotypic variations that occur between the various animal species. It has been shown in studies of other inherited polycystic kidney disease syndromes that the normal gene products of a mutant are likely to be involved in ciliary structure and function. The studies that have led to this recognition can be expected to eventually provide the basis for a better understanding of the functioning of this organelle, and the pathogenesis of lesions in the related diseases. It is well known that cilia are important in the perception of light, olfactory stimuli and sound and that motile cilia provide cell motility (e.g. sperm) and transport of mucus and other fluids. Recent research has indicated that the involvement of the primary cili-um/basal body complex is of central importance in the detection and cellular response to extracellular movement of fluid, critical phases of embryonic development, cell cycle regulation and maintenance of cell polarity. Confocal microscopic studies of renal cyst epithelium in ovine ARPKD have shown that only 30% of cells have a cilium and that these are often truncated (McGlashan et al 2005). The observation, although preliminary, strongly supports the argument that the mutant gene in this disease of sheep normally encodes for a protein essential for primary ciliary function. 相似文献
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Marobela-Raborokgwe C Nicholas R Ayling R Bashiruddin JB 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2003,70(1):21-27
Four serological tests were compared in order to evaluate their efficacies in detecting antibodies to M. mycoides subspecies mycoides SC in cattle sera sampled in 1995 from herds affected with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in the north-western part of Botswana. Tests that were compared included immunoblotting test (IBT), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA), competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT). The percentages of seropositive samples in the iELISA (48%) and in the c-ELISA (48%) were similar but were comparatively lower than those obtained by the IBT (57%) and CFT (61%). The percentages of positive sera in the IBT and CFT were also similar and overall the efficacy of these tests was better than that of the two ELISA tests. There was 95.5% agreement between the IBT and CFT, 85% agreement between the IBT and c-ELISA, 90.9% agreement between the IBT and i-ELISA, 88.6% agreement between the i-ELISA and CFT, 80% agreement between the c-ELISA and CFT and 90% agreement between the two ELISA tests. It became clearly evident from this comparative study that no single serological test was capable of detecting all animals affected by CBPP under natural field conditions of infection. 相似文献
77.
Katie Miles Colin P Churchward Laura McAuliffe Roger D Ayling Robin A J Nicholas 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(2):168-171
Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small-colony type (M. m. m. SC) is the cause of the economically important contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Isolates from Africa and Australia have previously been documented to have a fragment of approximately 8.84 kb, which is absent in European strains. A set of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers over this region was designed to identify M. m. m. SC isolates and separate European strains from those of Africa/Australia. Specificity of the PCR assay was achieved through the positioning of an oligonucleotide within the insertion sequence IS1296, upstream of this deletion, which then was paired with a reverse primer, upstream of the deletion, within the 8.84 kb-deleted region or downstream of the deletion, generating fragments of 1.1 kb (all M. m. m. SC strains), 1.4 kb (African/Australian strains only) and 1.3 kb (European strains only), respectively. Identification and differentiation was specific for DNA from M. m. m. SC with no amplification of DNA from other cluster members or closely related species. The PCR products did not require differentiation by use of a restriction endonuclease, and have potential for use in detection of this organism in clinical samples. 相似文献
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Application of an indirect ELISA to milk samples to identify cows with Mycoplasma bovis mastitis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Byrne WJ Ball HJ Brice N McCormack R Baker SE Ayling RD Nicholas RA 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(13):368-369
An indirect ELISA was used to detect antibodies to Mycoplasma bovis in milk samples collected from a herd with M bovis mastitis. Antibodies were detected in samples from nine cows which had developed clinical M bovis mastitis. Milk from only three consistently antigen-negative cows tested positive for M bovis antibodies. These results indicate the potential value of the indirect ELISA for the detection of cows which have recently developed M bovis mastitis during the early stages of an outbreak. 相似文献
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