Phage Therapy and Photodynamic Therapy: Low Environmental Impact Approaches to Inactivate Microorganisms in Fish Farming Plants     

Adelaide Almeida  ?ngela Cunha  Newton C.M. Gomes  Eliana Alves  Liliana Costa  Maria A.F. Faustino 《Marine drugs》2009,7(3):268-313

Owing to the increasing importance of aquaculture to compensate for the progressive worldwide reduction of natural fish and to the fact that several fish farming plants often suffer from heavy financial losses due to the development of infections caused by microbial pathogens, including multidrug resistant bacteria, more environmentally-friendly strategies to control fish infections are urgently needed to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable. The aim of this review is to briefly present the typical fish farming diseases and their threats and discuss the present state of chemotherapy to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants as well as to examine the new environmentally friendly approaches to control fish infection namely phage therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial therapy.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular effects of Hyptis fruticosa essential oil in rats     

Santos MR  Carvalho AA  Medeiros IA  Alves PB  Marchioro M  Antoniolli AR 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(3):186-191

In non-anesthetized normotensive rats, Hyptis fruticosa essential oil (HFEO, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg; i.v.) induced hypotension associated with tachycardia. In intact and isolated rings of rat superior mesenteric artery (control), HFEO (1-1000 microg/ml, n=6, cumulatively) induced concentration-dependent relaxations of tonus induced by 10 microM phenylephrine (Phe) (pD(2)=2.6+/-0.27; E(max)=64+/-8.3%). In denuded endothelium pre-contracted rings with Phe or K(+)-depolarizing solution (80 mM), the concentration-response curves to HFEO were not shifted (pD(2)=2.3+/-0.25 and 2.3+/-0.28, respectively), but their maximal responses were significantly (P<0.05 vs control) increased (E(max)=122.3+/-18.2% and 92+/-3.6%, respectively). HFEO was also capable of antagonizing the concentration-response curves to CaCl(2) (3 microM-30 mM) in a dose-dependent manner.  相似文献   

Antinociceptive effect and acute toxicity of the essential oil of Hyptis fruticosa in mice     

Menezes IA  Marques MS  Santos TC  Dias KS  Silva AB  Mello IC  Lisboa AC  Alves PB  Cavalcanti SC  Marçal RM  Antoniolli AR 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(3):192-195

The essential oil of the Hyptis fruticosa leaves was analyzed by GC/MS and evaluated for antinociceptive property as well as acute toxicity in mice. The essential oil, at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (s.c.), produced significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing, but did not manifest a significant effect in hot-plate test. There was no acute toxicity at doses up to 5 g/kg. Bicyclogermacrene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, and beta-caryophyllene were the major compounds detected in the essential oil.  相似文献   

Inheritance of long juvenile period under short day conditions for the BR80-6778 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) line     

Valéria Carpentieri-Pípolo  Leones Alves de Almeida  Romeu Afonso de Souza Kiihl  Ciro Antonio Rosolem 《Euphytica》2000,112(2):203-209

The long juvenile period characteristic (LJP), which delays flowering under short day conditions, has been identified in soybean cultivars (Glycine max L. Merrill). This characteristic may be especially important as it increases the range of adaptation of soybean in low latitudes and gives greater flexibility for sowing periods within the same latitude. The inheritance of the long juvenile period was studied in the BR80-6778 soybean line to provide knowledge to support the development of cultivars adapted to short day conditions. Cultivars with classic flowering, Paraná, Bossier, Bragg and Davis, which flower early under short day conditions, were also used as parents in single crosses. They were crossed among themselves and with the genotypes with LJP, BR80-6778 and MG/BR 22 (Garimpo). The study was carried out under short day conditions (early sowings) in greenhouses and in the field at Embrapa National Soybean Research Center, Londrina, PR. Flowering was assessed daily. The results indicated that the BR89-6778 line shares a pair of alleles with the Paraná cultivar, and when associated with the cc allele retards flowering under short day conditions. The following genotype constitutions were attributed to the cultivars: Paraná (aaBBCC), Bossier (AabbCC), and BR80-6778 (aaBBcc). The combination of the genes aabb and aabbcc has a pronounced effect on the manifestation of the trait. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Assessing potential production of maize using simulation models for land evaluation in Brazil   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H. M. R. Alves  S. Nortcliff 《Soil Use and Management》2000,16(1):49-55

Abstract. The paper highlights the advantages of modelling to simulate dynamic processes and to couple environmental data more closely with effects on crops. The CERES-Maize crop model and the DSSAT software package were selected for the work and the region of the Triângulo Mineiro in the state of Minas Gerais was selected as the study area. The results showed that there are differences in the potential production of the Latosols of the Triângulo Mineiro and this should be taken into account when extrapolating or transferring technology for other regions within the same cerrado ecosystem of central-west Brazil. It is essential to improve the number of points with weather data collection since, as demonstrated for Frutal, the climate of the Triângulo can determine differences in potential agricultural production as well as risk for production. The study showed that the use of crop models can improve land suitability evaluations, for land use planning, or establishing strategies for rural funding.  相似文献   

Ovicidal lectins from Moringa oleifera and Myracrodruon urundeuva cause alterations in chorionic surface and penetrate the embryos of Aedes aegypti eggs     

Robson RV Alves  Tatiana Soares  Elinaldo FL Bento  Ricardo S Roldan‐Filho  Brbara SS Souza  Marcele KN Lima  Jssica S Nascimento  Luana CBB Coelho  Roberto A S  Thmarah A Lima  Gabriel GA Gonalves  Fbio A Brayner  Luiz C Alves  Daniela MAF Navarro  Thiago H Napoleo  Patrícia MG Paiva 《Pest management science》2020,76(2):730-736

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Forage legumes in grass pastures in tropical Brazil and likely impacts on greenhouse gas emissions: A review     

Robert M. Boddey  Daniel Rume Casagrande  Bruno G. C. Homem  Bruno J. R. Alves 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(4):357-371

Beef cattle producers seldom use fertilizers for their pastures in tropical regions of Brazil. Slowly, this is changing but because of the need for repeated applications, N fertilizer is rarely applied. The introduction of a forage legume is an appropriate solution for this problem, but until recently adoption has been very low as the legumes generally have not persisted in the sward. We report research on how grazing management can affect the persistence of stoloniferous legumes in pastures of Brachiaria spp. and the problems of establishing and maintaining crown-forming legumes such as Stylosanthes spp. With suitable management, milk or bovine carcass yields can be equal or greater from mixed than from grass-alone pastures fertilized with 120 or 150 kg Nha^-1 year⁻¹. In addition to savings in CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels for the production and distribution of N fertilizers, nitrous oxide emissions from cattle excreta and legume residues are lower than those from N-fertilized brachiaria grass monocultures. Other studies indicate that enteric methane emissions from cattle may be mitigated when forage legumes are included in their diet. The use of forage legumes in mixed pastures for tropical regions is emerging as a feasible strategy to keep meat and milk production at acceptable levels with reduced greenhouse gas emission rates.  相似文献   

A new standard area diagram set for assessment of severity of soybean rust improves accuracy of estimates and optimizes resource use     

Vinicius T. Franceschi  Kaique S. Alves  Sergio M. Mazaro  Cláudia V. Godoy  Henrique S. S. Duarte  Emerson M. Del Ponte 《Plant pathology》2020,69(3):495-505

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most important yield-damaging fungal disease of soybean due to severe reduction in healthy leaf area and acceleration of leaf fall. In experimental research, SBR severity is estimated visually aided/trained by a standard area diagram (SAD) developed and validated during the mid-2000s (Old SAD). In this study, we propose a new SAD set for SBR with six true-colour diagrams following linear increments (c. 15% increments) amended with four additional diagrams at low (<10%) severities, totalling 10 diagrams (0.2%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 40%, 55%, 70%, and 84%). For evaluation, 37 raters were split into two groups. Each assessed severity in a 50-image sample (0.25%–84%), first unaided and then using either the Old SAD or the New SAD. Accuracy, precision, and reliability of estimates improved significantly relative to unaided estimates only when aided by the New SAD (accuracy >0.95). Low precision (<0.78) and a trend of underestimation with an increase in severity were the main issues with the Old SAD, which did not differ from unaided estimates. Simulation to evaluate the impact of the errors by different methods on hypothesis tests, showed that the new SAD was more powerful for detecting the smallest difference in mean control (e.g., 70% vs. 65% disease reduction) than the Old SAD; the latter required a 2-fold increase in sample size to achieve the same power. There is a need to improve some SADs, taking advantage of new knowledge and technology to increase accuracy of the estimates, and to optimize both resource use efficiency and management decisions.  相似文献   

Molecular markers useful to discriminate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea arabica</Emphasis> cultivars with high genetic similarity     

Tiago Vieira Sousa  Eveline Teixeira Caixeta  Emilly Ruas Alkimim  Antonio Carlos Baião de Oliveira  Antonio Alves Pereira  Laércio Zambolim  Ney Sussumu Sakiyama 《Euphytica》2017,213(3):75

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Resistance of 57 greenhouse-grown accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum and three cultivars to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)     

Fabrício Alves Oliveira  Derly José Henriques da Silva  Germano Leão Demolin Leite  Gulab Newandram Jham  Marcelo Picanço 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate resistance to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) by antixenosis on 57 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. accessions from the Horticultural Germplasm Bank (HGB) of Universidade Federal de Viçosa and by the three commercial cultivars (Santa Clara, Moneymaker and TOM-601) under greenhouse conditions. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Infestations with T. absoluta adults were performed weekly and the following characteristics were evaluated: number of small, large and total mines/leaf and % of leaves mined at days 60, 75 and 90 after planting. Low infestation occurred at days 60 and 75 but at day 90, infestation was sufficient to evaluate insect damage. Based on these data it was concluded that only accessions HGB-674 and HGB-1497 appeared to be the most promising. In addition, to determine possible chemical causes of resistance, hexane extracts were analyzed at day 90 by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the major peaks identified by a mass spectral database using similarity index. Nine hydrocarbons, viz., hexadecane, heptadecane, eicosane, tricosane, 2-methyltricosane, tetracosane, hexacosane, octacosane and triacontane were identified in the hexane extracts in many samples. Tricosane, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant correlations with the leaves mined. Only tricosane presented a negative correlation with the number of small mines (r = −0.28), total number of mines (r = −0.27) and % of leaves mined (r = −0.22). However, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant positive correlations (r = 0.25 and 0.24, respectively) with the % of leaves mined.  相似文献