Towards sustainable control of Lepidopterous pests in olive cultivation     

Annette Herz  Sherif A. Hassan  Esmat Hegazi  Feeby N. Nasr  Ali A. Youssef  W. E. Khafagi  Essam Agamy  Mohieddine Ksantini  Taieb Jardak  Basilis E. Mazomenos  Maria A. Konstantopoulou  Laura Torres  Fátima Gonçalves  Albino Bento  José A. Pereira 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2005,57(5):117-128

Zusammenfassung Traditionelle, extensiv bearbeitete Olivenhaine, aber auch moderne Intensiv-Plantagen mit künstlicher Bewässerung und hohem Einsatz von Düngern bzw. chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln kennzeichnen die derzeitigen verschiedenen Anbauformen der Olive im Mittelmeerraum. Schadlepidopteren wie die Olivenmotte (Prays oleae, Lep.: Yponomeutidae) und die Jasminmotte (Palpita unionalis, Lep.: Pyralidae) werden durch regelmässigen Insektizideinsatz bekämpft. Das von der EU geförderte internationale Forschungsprojekt TRIPHELIO zielte auf die Entwicklung insektizidfreier Alternativmethoden durch (1) die Optimierung der pheromongestützten Überwachung und Verwirrtechnik, (2) der Anwendung von Habitatmanagement-Strategien zur Förderung natürlicher Gegenspieler, und (3) dem Einsatz von Trichogramma-Schlupfwespen. Zusätzlich wurden Module für eine optimale Anwendung biotechnischer und biologischer Methoden bezüglich der Phänologie der Schadinsekten und möglicher Nebenwirkungen von Pestiziden erarbeitet. Die intensive Kooperation zwischen Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern aus mehreren Ländern Europas und Nordafrikas erlaubte den Entwurf möglicher Lösungsansätze für verschiedene Anbaubedingungen und klimatische Regionen des Mittelmeerraumes. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse und Ausblicke für eine zukünftige praktische Umsetzung werden in dieser Veröffentlichung beschrieben.  相似文献   

Ovicidal lectins from Moringa oleifera and Myracrodruon urundeuva cause alterations in chorionic surface and penetrate the embryos of Aedes aegypti eggs     

Robson RV Alves  Tatiana Soares  Elinaldo FL Bento  Ricardo S Roldan‐Filho  Brbara SS Souza  Marcele KN Lima  Jssica S Nascimento  Luana CBB Coelho  Roberto A S  Thmarah A Lima  Gabriel GA Gonalves  Fbio A Brayner  Luiz C Alves  Daniela MAF Navarro  Thiago H Napoleo  Patrícia MG Paiva 《Pest management science》2020,76(2):730-736

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玉米F_2群体中偏分离RFLP标记在染色体上的分布及原因分析     

曹永国  王国英  王守才  魏艳玲  卢江  谢友菊  戴景瑞 《中国农业大学学报》1998,(Z3)

研究了利用玉米85个 DNA 限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)标记在玉米自交系7922与5003杂交 F2群体中的分离。结果表明,8.33%的标记显著或极显著地偏离了预期的孟德尔比例而表现偏分离,发现了2个偏分离的染色体热点,即第1染色体上的 umc128-umc107和第3染色体上的 asg24-asg48,其偏分离形成的主要原因是存在配子体选择。  相似文献   

Inheritance of the stay-green trait in tropical maize     

Pedro Radi Belícuas  Aurélio Mendes Aguiar  Dyeme Antonio Vieira Bento  Tassiano Marinho Maxwell Câmara  Cláudio Lopes de Souza Junior 《Euphytica》2014,198(2):163-173

Stay-green maize genotypes have been associated with tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, including tolerance to drought, and to stalk and root lodging, but there is limited information on its inheritance. Thus, this research was conducted to study the inheritance of the stay-green trait using both conventional analysis and QTL mapping of the Design III in a tropical maize population developed from two inbred lines genetically divergent for this trait. Two-hundred and fifty F₂ plants were genotyped with 177 microsatellite markers, and their backcrossed progenies to both parental inbreds were evaluated at three locations. Ten plants per plot were assessed 120 days after sowing and the plot means scores for stay-green, adjusted for days to silking emergence, were used for analysis. The additive variance was larger than the dominance variance, the genetic by location interaction variance presented a high magnitude, and the heritability coefficient on a plant-basis a low magnitude. Seventeen QTL were mapped, most of them were clustered on four chromosomes and accounted for by 73.08 % of the genetic variance. About half of the QTL interacted with location, and the average level of dominance was partial dominance. The additive effects were larger than the dominance effects; the latter were not unidirectional, so that heterosis could not be exploited in crosses. Procedures for marker-assisted selection to increase the level of stay-green are discussed and an approach is suggested for using both stable and non-stable QTL in a marker-assisted backcross program.  相似文献   

Diurnal and nocturnal herbivore induction on maize elicit different innate response of the fall armyworm parasitoid, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Campoletis flavicincta</Emphasis>     

A. G. C. Signoretti  M. F. G. V. Peñaflor  L. S. D. Moreira  N. C. Noronha  J. M. S. Bento 《Journal of pest science》2012,85(1):101-107

Herbivore-attacked plants produce specific volatile substances that represent important cues for host finding by natural enemies. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a voracious herbivore and usually feed on maize in all periods of the day. Given that plant needs light to synthesize de novo herbivore-induced volatiles, volatile blend may be changed depending on time of the day the plant is induced, what could interfere in natural enemy foraging. In this sense, the current study aimed to investigate differential attractiveness of maize elicited by fall armyworm regurgitant under light and dark conditions to its specialist larval parasitoid Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). All bioassays were conducted in Y-tube olfactometer to assess parasitoid response to odors from undamaged maize, mechanical damage, and regurgitant-treated plants at 0–1, 5–6, and 24–25 h after induction. The results showed that naïve wasps were attracted to volatiles emitted by nocturnal regurgitant-treated maize at 5–6 h, but not to odors from diurnal regurgitant-treated plants. The differential attractiveness is likely due to blend composition as nocturnal regurgitant-treated plants emit aromatic compounds and the homoterpene (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene in larger amounts than diurnal-treated plants.  相似文献   

Occurrence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil     

Figueredo LA  Dantas-Torres F  de Faria EB  Gondim LF  Simões-Mattos L  Brandão-Filho SP  Mota RA 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,157(1-2):9-13

A serological survey was carried out to assess the occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dogs from the State of Pernambuco. A total of 625 serum samples of dogs (289 from Paulista, 168 from Amaraji and 168 from Garanhuns) were tested by an immunofluorescence antibody assay for the detection of anti-N. caninum antibodies. A total of 177 (28.3%; IC 95%, 24.9-32.1) samples were positive. The seropositivity rates found in Paulista, Amaraji and Garanhuns were 26% (IC 95%, 21-31.4), 26.2% (IC 95%, 19.7-33.5) and 34.5% (IC 95%, 27.4-42.2), respectively. Of the 177 serum samples positive to anti-N. caninum antibodies, 170 were additionally tested for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and out of these 57.6% (IC 95%, 49.8-65.2) were positive. The results indicate that dogs from Amaraji, Paulista and Garanhuns are exposed to both N. caninum and T. gondii infections. The presence of dogs infected by N. caninum in Pernambuco represents a potential risk factor for the occurrence of outbreaks of abortion in cattle and small ruminants in this state. This study is the largest serological survey on the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in dogs carried out in Brazil and reports for the first time the exposure to N. caninum and T. gondii in dogs from Pernambuco.  相似文献   

Inclusion of weaning management group as a random effect in the genetic evaluation of postweaning traits in Nellore cattle     

Gerson Antonio Oliveira Júnior  Joanir Pereira Eler  Johanna Ramírez-Díaz  José Bento Sterman Ferraz  Mário Luiz Santana Jr. 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):1031-1036

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of including weaning management group (WMG) as an uncorrelated random effect in the genetic evaluation of postweaning traits. Data from 186,507 Nellore animals' sons to 1,734 sires and 75,016 cows were analyzed. Three single-trait models were studied. These models included the contemporary group (CG) as a fixed effect and age of animal at measurement and age of dam at calving as covariates, in addition to the direct additive breeding value as random effect. The CGs for postweaning traits varied between models which included or not WMG as part of the concatenation of fixed effects. In the model in which WMG was not part of the CG, the trait was included as an uncorrelated random effect. The results suggest that although no significant effects were observed on genetic parameter estimates or animal ranking, the inclusion of WMG as an uncorrelated random effect increased the number of observations per CG and contributed to maintaining animals in the analysis that would be discarded because they were in a CG with a small number of observations. This model could therefore be recommended for the genetic evaluation of this Nellore population.  相似文献   

Anti-Mullerian hormone and its relationship to ovulation response and fertility in timed AI Bos indicus heifers     

Emiliana O. S. Batista  Lais M. Vieira  Bruno G. Freitas  Bruna M. Guerreiro  J. G. S. Carvalho  Rodolfo D. Mingoti  Guilherme Vasconcellos  Alexandre H. Souza  Jose Bento Sterman Ferraz  Pietro Sampaio Baruselli 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(6):753-758

This study evaluated the association between plasma anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration and fertility in Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI). At the onset of the synchronization protocol, heifers (n = 289) received a subcutaneous P4 ear implant (3 mg) and 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate. Eight days later, the P4 implant was removed and 0.5 mg of oestradiol cypionate, prostaglandin (0.265 mg, i.m.) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (300 UI, i.m.) was administered, and TAI was performed 48 hr after ear implant removal. Ovarian ultrasound evaluations were performed to measure number of ovarian follicles, dominant follicle size and ovulation response. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound 30 days after AI. Heifers with greater circulating AMH had more antral follicles, a smaller dominant follicle near timed ovulation and lower ovulation response to the timed AI protocol compared to heifers with lower circulating AMH. Although AMH and pregnancy outcome had a quadratic-shaped pattern, AMH was not significantly associated with fertility. In conclusion, heifers with lower AMH had larger follicles towards the end of the synchronization protocol and greater ovulation responses, whereas greater circulating AMH was unrelated to conception success.  相似文献   

Fungal arthritis due to infection by Candida famata in a horse     

CB RILEY  JV YOVICH  JP ROBERTSON  FL O''HARA 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(3):65-66

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Resistance of Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DJ OVEREND  FL BOWEN 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(7):275-276

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