Pharmacokinetic and urine profile of tramadol and its major metabolites following oral immediate release capsules administration in dogs     

M. Giorgi  S. Del Carlo  G. Saccomanni  B. Łebkowska-Wieruszewska  C. J. Kowalski 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):875-885

The aim of the present paper was to test the oral administration of oral immediate release capsules of tramadol in dogs, to asses both its pharmacokinetic properties and its urine profile. After capsules administration of tramadol (4 mg/kg), involving eight male Beagle dogs, the concentration of tramadol and its main metabolites, M1, M2 and M5, were determined in plasma and urine using an HPLC method. The plasma concentrations of tramadol and metabolites were fitted on the basis of mono- and non-compartmental models, respectively. Tramadol was detected in plasma from 5 min up to 10 h in lesser amounts than M5 and M2, detected at similar concentrations, while M1 was detected in negligible amounts. In the urine, M5 and M1 showed the highest and smallest amount, respectively; M1 and M5 resulted widely conjugate with glucuronic acid. In conclusion, after oral administration of tramadol immediate release capsules, the absorption of the active ingredient was rapid, but its rapid metabolism quickly transformed the parental drug to high levels of M5 and M2, showing an extensive elimination via the kidney. Hence, in the dog, the oral immediate release pharmaceutical formulation of tramadol would have different pharmacokinetic behaviour than in humans.  相似文献   

Unusual “erythroid loops” in canine blood smears after viper‐bite envenomation     

Carlo Masserdotti 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(3):321-325

Abstract: Northern Italy is a habitat for many species of viper; Vipera aspis is responsible for most reported bites of humans and animals. Five dogs of different breeds and ages were presented by their owners to a veterinary clinic in northern Italy between September 2004 and August 2007 with a history of being bitten by a viper within the past 2 hours. On physical examination, all of the dogs were depressed, had pale mucous membranes, and had a painful area consistent with a recent viper bite wound on the nose (2), distal front leg (2), or lip (1). Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria were observed in plasma and urine from all dogs. CBCs were done at the time of presentation, daily for 4 days, and 10 days after presentation in all dogs with the exception of one dog that died after 2 days. All dogs had an acute decrease in HCT within 24 hours of presentation; all dogs had neutrophilia, 3/5 had a mildly toxic left shift, and 4/5 had thrombocytopenia. On Diff‐Quik‐stained blood smears, moderate numbers of echinocytes, spherocytes, and erythrocyte ghosts were observed. In addition, moderate numbers of unusual erythrocyte membrane‐like structures (“erythroid loops”) were observed. The loops were annular in shape and sometimes disrupted, appearing as thin pale blue bands. Erythrocyte morphologic abnormalities decreased by day 3 and were no longer observed on day 10. The unique appearance of the erythroid loops together with evidence for intravascular hemolysis and other erythrocyte morphologic changes suggest they may be a consequence of erythrocyte lysis. Echinocytes, spherocytes, and erythrocyte ghosts are known to result from the action of phospholipase in viper venom; however, erythroid loops have not been reported previously and their exact mechanism of formation is unknown.  相似文献   

Development of osteochondrosis in Lusitano foals: A radiographic study     

Raquel Yvonne Arantes Baccarin  Marco Antonio Pereira  Neimar Vanderlei Roncati  Rafael Ramalho Corso Bergamaschi  Stefano Carlo Filippo Hagen 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(10):1079-1084

This study aimed to detect, by radiographic examination, the evolution of osteochondral lesions in the tarsocrural and femoropatellar joints of Lusitano foals. Within 1 month of age, 76.08% of foals had radiographic signs of osteochondrosis, but only 16.20% had lesions at 18 months. The radiographic signs resolved by 5 mo of age in most foals, but some cases that involved either joint, were not resolved until 12 mo of age. It is thought that the “age of no return” is 5 mo for the tarsocrural and 8 mo for the femoropatellar joint but this study demonstrated regression of osteochondral lesions in both joints of Lusitano foals up to 12 months of age.  相似文献   

Amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum: pilot study     

Laura Barachetti  Chiara Giudice  Carlo M. Mortellaro 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(5):326-330

Objectives To describe and evaluate the use of equine amniotic membrane trans‐plantation after lamellar keratectomy for the treatment of corneal sequestrum in cats. Methods Six cats (seven eyes) of various breed and ages with corneal sequestra were treated surgically with lamellar keratectomy and amniotic membrane transplantation. All the sequestra and a small piece of the amniotic membranes used for each surgery were submitted for histopathologic examination. Results Five of the seven eyes showed minimal level of scarring in the cornea and good transparency. No recurrences of the sequestra have been noted during the follow‐up period (3–9 months). One eye had necrosis of the amniotic membrane 2 weeks after the surgery. The sequestrum of this eye showed a high level of bacterial contamination on histopathology. Three months later the same cat developed a descemetocele in the area where the necrotic amniotic membrane was rejected. A second eye developed a perforation under the amniotic membrane two weeks after the surgery. The sequestrum of this eye was deep and without vascularization. Conclusion Amniotic membrane transplantation after lamellar keratectomy was a valid procedure for surgical treatment of corneal sequestrum in cats. The procedure resulted in excellent cosmesis and functional vision in five of seven eyes; although case selection is important, particularly to exclude the very deep and non‐vascularized sequestra.  相似文献   

Degenerative myelopathy associated with cobalamin deficiency in a cat     

Salvadori C  Cantile C  De Ambrogi G  Arispici M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2003,50(6):292-296

A severe myelopathy was observed in a 9-year-old neutered male cat with a clinical history of chronic pancreatitis associated with deficiency of serum cobalamin and folates concentrations, and progressive spinal ataxia. The spinal cord lesions mainly involved the dorsal columns of the caudal cervical and cervico-thoracic segments, and were characterized by diffuse vacuolated myelin sheaths and axonal degeneration, marked gliosis, fibrosis and presence of gitter cells. The pancreas showed severe atrophy of the exocrine tissue, periductular fibrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells, consistent with chronic interstitial pancreatitis. This condition can be accountable for cobalamin deficiency, as the pancreas is the only source of intrinsic factor in cats. The spinal cord lesions in the cat of this report resembled the subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord described in human beings with cobalamin deficiency and hence a similar pathogenetic mechanism is hypothesized.  相似文献   

Influence of soil type and pH on the colonisation of sugar beet seedlings by antagonistic Pseudomonas and Bacillus strains,and on their control of Pythium damping-off     

Schmidt  Christoph Stephan  Agostini  Francesco  Simon  Ana-maria  Whyte  Jennifer  Townend  John  Leifert  Carlo  Killham  Ken  Mullins  Chris 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(10):1025-1046

In five different soils originating from Scotland (Craibstone and Cruden Bay), Germany (Magdeburg and Uelzen) and Greece (Tymbaki), Pseudomonas fluorescens B5 reached higher population sizes (4.7–5.7logCFU/plant) on 12-day-old sugar beet seedlings than Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 (4.1–4.8logCFU/plant). Total population size per plant was not affected by soil type. In all five soils, the antagonists reached highest population densities in the hypocotyl and the upper 2cm root section (P. fluorescensB5: 5.2–6.8log₁₀CFU/g plant fresh weight, Bacillus subtilisMBI 600: 5.2–6.1log₁₀CFU/g plant fresh weight) and declined to 0–3log₁₀CFU below 4cm root depth. Colonisation by P. fluorescens B5 down the root was slightly increased in the soils from Craibstone, Magdeburg, and Uelzen compared to the sandy clay loam from Tymbaki. In lux-marked P. fluorescens B5, population density was positively correlated with light emission in all soils; the light emission indicated physiological activity of the strains. However, P. fluorescens B5 reduced Pythium damping-off (measurement after 14 days plant growth) only in three of the five soils (Craibstone, Cruden Bay and Magdeburg). Co-inoculation of B. subtilis MBI 600 increased downward colonisation of the root by P. fluorescens B5, but not the total population ofP. fluorescens B5 per plant. Bacillus subtilisMBI 600 did not reduce Pythium damping-off in any of the soils nor did it influence the efficiency of co-inoculated P. fluorescens B5; its population consisted mainly of physiologically inactive spores. In Craibstone soil, pH did not affect population density, distribution along the root or biocontrol activity against P. ultimum of P. fluorescens B5 or B. subtilis MBI 600.  相似文献   

Characterization of Erwinia amylovora Strains from Croatia     

Edyta Halupecki  Carlo Bazzi  Susanne Jock  Klaus Geider  Damir Đermić  Bogdan Cvjetković 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):435-440

Erwinia amylovora is the causative agent of fire blight, a destructive disease of rosaceous plants. The European population can be divided into several subtypes according to differences in restriction fragment length polymorphism of the XbaI genomic DNA digest analysed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This technique was also used to determine the genetic relatedness of six Croatian isolates to the E. amylovora types found in the countries surrounding Croatia. The isolates belong to the Pt2 pattern type that is characteristic of the East Mediterranean basin. All tested isolates gave essentially the same total cell protein pattern in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The number of short-sequence DNA repeats in plasmid pEA29 of six isolates was determined by PCR assays and ranged from four to seven. The isolates examined showed high pathogenicity in immature pear fruits. Differences were also revealed in microbiological assays such as amylovoran synthesis, levan formation, siderophore production and colour on coliform medium.  相似文献   

Photolysis of quinalphos in ethanolic solution     

Alba Pusino  Carlo Gessa  Alberto Frigerio 《Pest management science》1989,26(2):193-197

Photolysis of quinalphos, O,O-diethyl O-(quinoxalin-2-yl) phosphorothioate ( I ), in ethanolic solutions yields two products, O,O-diethyl O-(3-ethoxy-quinoxalin-2-yl) phosphorothioate ( II ) and O,O-diethyl O-(3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-quinoxalin-2-yl) phosphorothioate ( III ). Both products derive from the reaction of photo-excited quinalphos molecule with the solvent. The reactions follow first-order kinetics. A mechanism that accounts for the formation of the above mentioned products is proposed.  相似文献   

Fungicidal activity of a series of phenyl pyridyl ketoximes and their O-acetyl derivatives     

Gabriella Massolini  Mikes Kitsos  Carlo Gandini  Gabriele Caccialanza 《Pest management science》1989,26(2):209-214

The free oximes and acetyl derivatives of a series of 4-substituted phenyl pyridyl ketones were prepared and tested in vitro and in vivo against fungal plant pathogens of different taxonomic classes. All compounds exhibited an interesting activity against some or all of the test fungi. The best results were given by the acetyl derivatives.  相似文献   

Volatile Organic Compounds,Indole, and Biogenic Amines Assessment in Two Mediterranean Irciniidae (Porifera,Demospongiae)     

Antonella Aresta  Pietro Cotugno  Nicoletta De Vietro  Caterina Longo  Maria Mercurio  Pere Ferriol  Carlo Zambonin  Carlotta Nonnis Marzano 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the headspace determination of the volatile organic fraction emitted by two of the most common Mediterranean demosponges, Ircinia variabilis and Sarcotragus spinosulus, and of indole and some biogenic amines released by sponges in an aqueous medium. A total of 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane and 75 µm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibers were used for the headspace extraction of low molecular weight sulfur compounds from a hermetically sealed vial containing sponge fragments, while the direct immersion determination of indole and biogenic amines was performed. The biogenic amines were extracted after in-solution derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate. All analytical parameters (linearity, limits of detection, and quantification, precision, and recovery) were evaluated for indole and biogenic amines. SPME-GC-MS proved to be a reliable means of highlighting the differences between molecules released by different sponges, principally responsible for their smell. The combined approaches allowed the identification of several volatile compounds in the headspace and other molecules released by the sponges in an aqueous medium, including indole and the BAs cadaverine, histamine, isobutylamine, isopentylamine, propylamine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine and tryptamine. The results obtained represent a further contribution to the picture of odoriferous molecules secreted by sponges.  相似文献