A Universal Index of Uterine Discharge Symptoms from Calving to 6 Weeks Postpartum     

J Gorzecka  NC Friggens  C Ridder  H Callesen 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):100-107

In this paper, a new uterine discharge index (D‐index) was created and tested. It was based on a principal component analysis (PCA) of clinical findings of classical uterine discharge symptoms and rectal temperature during the postpartum period of dairy cattle. The PCA analysis revealed how uterine discharge features relate to each other and how they cluster together possibly representing different degrees of uterine inflammation. The D‐index was the result of the multivariate PCA‐analysis, and the D‐index gives a continuous value between 0 and 10. It was demonstrated that the same scale, i.e. the D‐index, can be used without any adjustment from 1 to 6 weeks post‐calving. It is valid for any type of uterine discharge without defining the type of infection or differentiating between infection and contamination. The D‐index was tested using the uterine involution data. Uterine involution was significantly delayed in the high‐D‐index group of cows. Similarly, in the test with all cows, involution was progressively delayed and the rate of involution of the pregnant horn was slowed down with the increase of the D‐index values. It is concluded that the D‐index can be a new practical, universal, tool for improved management of dairy cows in the postpartum period under commercial conditions.  相似文献   

Moscow genetics congress     

Adelstein RS  Pershan PS  Ptashne M  Fink G  Temin HM  Hershey AD  Caspari E  Yanofsky C  Rhoades MM  Owen RD  Fresco J  Henderson AS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,201(4357):675

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Partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation of ‘Fuji’ apples in a semi-arid climate     

Brian G. Leib  Horst W. Caspari  Cristoti A. Redulla  Preston K. Andrews  Jalal J. Jabro 《Irrigation Science》2006,24(2):85-99

The effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) on apple (Malus domestica Borkh. Cv. ‘Fuji’) yield, fruit size, and quality were evaluated from 2001 to 2003 in the semi-arid climate of Washington State. PRD and DI were applied from about 40 days after full bloom until just before (2001, 2002) or after (2003) harvest and compared to a control irrigation (CI). Irrigation was applied once a week using two micro-sprinklers per tree. Soil-water content in CI was maintained above 80% of field capacity using micro-sprinklers on both sides of a tree. The DI and PRD were irrigated at about 50% (2001–2002) and 60% (2003) of the CI, but differed in placement of irrigation. For DI both micro-sprinklers were operated whereas PRD was irrigated using only one micro-sprinkler wetting half the rootzone compared to CI and DI. Wetting/drying sides of PRD trees were alternated every 2–4 weeks (2001, 2002) or when soil-water content on the drying side had reached a threshold value (2003). Seasonal (1 May–31 October) potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) was 967, 1002, and 1005 mm for 2001, 2002, and 2003, and rainfall totaled 58, 39, and 21 mm, respectively. Irrigation amounts applied were 596, 839, and 685 mm in the CI; 374, 763, and 575 mm in the DI; and 337, 684, and 513 mm in the PRD for the 2001, 2002, and 2003 seasons. Higher irrigation volumes in 2002 were due to excessive (177–324 mm) irrigations after harvest. No significant differences were found in yield and fruit size among treatments in 2001 and 2003. In 2002, DI had significantly lower yield than CI, while the yield of PRD did not differ from CI and DI. Fruit from DI and PRD were firmer and had higher concentrations of soluble solids than fruit from CI, both at harvest and following short-term storage at 20°C, but differences to CI were significant in 2002 only. Treatment effects on fruit titratable acidity were inconsistent. Additional water was preserved in the soil profile under PRD compared to DI in 2001 and 2003, but no statistical differences were found between PRD and DI in 2002. Approximately 45–50% of irrigation water was saved by implementing newly developed DI and PRD irrigation strategies without any significant impact on fruit yield and size with PRD. However, apple yield was reduced by DI compared to CI in the second year.  相似文献   

Andic properties in soils developed from nonvolcanic materials in Central Bhutan     

Rupert Bumler  Thomas Caspari  Kai U. Totsche  Tshering Dorji  Chencho Norbu  Ian C. Baillie 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(5):703-713

A number of soils are described in the literature as having andic and spodic soil properties, but have developed in nonvolcanic and nonallophanic materials and lack typical Podzol eluvial and illuvial horizons. They cover a wide range of parent materials and different types of climate. They have always been regarded as restricted to small areas. They were assigned to Andisols/Andosols, Podzols/Spodosols, or andic Inceptisols in the WRB and Soil Taxonomy and sometimes also named Cryptopodzols or Lockerbraunerden. Recent soil surveys in Bhutan, E Himalayas, show these soils are widespread at altitudes between 2200–3500 m asl and are spanning several bioclimatic zones. The aim of this study is the detailed characterization of specific properties and processes of formation by physical and chemical analyses, NMR spectroscopy, column experiments, SEM, XRD, and ¹⁴C dating in one of these soils in E central Bhutan. The results indicate advanced soil development with high amounts of oxidic Fe and Al compounds, low bulk densities (partly <0.5 g cm^–3), P retention >85%, and a dominance of Al‐hydroxy‐interlayered phyllosilicates. Scanning electron microscopy of sand fractions indicate microaggregates highly resistant to dispersion. Column experiments show podzolization with mobilization and translocation of DOM, Fe, and Al. Nuclear‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ¹⁴C ages of 16,000 BP indicate stabilization of DOM. Applying classification criteria, these soils appear to have andic and spodic features, but are neither Andosols nor Podzols senso strictu. Especially the role of Fe seems to be underestimated with regard to the specific soil‐forming processes. Because of their widespread occurrence and distinct properties, we suggest either a simplification of the criteria for existing soil types or a clearly defined separation of volcanic and nonvolcanic/nonallophanic Andosols.  相似文献   

Efficacy of tropicamide,homatropine, cyclopentolate,atropine and hyoscine as mydriatics in Angora goats     

NC Whelan  F Castillo-Alcala  I Lizarraga 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):328-331

Abstract

AIM: To document the efficacy of five commercially available mydriatics for their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic use in Angora goats.

METHODS: Over 8 weeks, the mydriatic effects of 1% tropicamide, 2% homatropine, 1% cyclopentolate, 1% atropine and 0.25% hyoscine were evaluated. Given as block treatments, drugs were applied randomly to one eye of 10 Angora goats, and the contralateral eye served as a control. Vertical and horizontal pupil diameters were measured to document onset ofeffect, time to reach a difference of 5 mm in the vertical/horizontal pupil diameter between eyes, time to maximum pupillary dilation, and duration of mydriatic action.

RESULTS: Onset of mydriasis for all drugs occurred within 15 minutes. Time to reach a difference of 5 mm in the vertical pupil diameter between eyes was shortest for 1% tropicamide and 0.25% hyoscine (0.5 h), then 2% homatropine and 1% atropine (0.75 h), and longest for 1% cyclopentolate (1.5 h). The maximum vertical pupillary dilation occurred earliest with 1% tropicamide and 1% atropine (2 h), followed by 0.25% hyoscine (3 h), 2% homatropine (4 h), and latest with 1% cyclopentolate (8 h). The duration of vertical dilation of the pupil was shortest with 1% tropicamide (6 h), then 2% homatropine (12 h), 1% cyclopentolate (12 h), 1% atropine (24 h), and longest for 0.25% hyoscine (96 h).

The time to reach maximum horizontal dilation of the pupil in treated eyes was shortest with 1% cyclopentolate (1 h), followed by 1% tropicamide (1.5 h), 0.25% hyoscine (3 h), 2% homatropine (3.5 h), and 1% atropine (4 h). The duration of horizontal pupil dilation was shortest with 1% tropicamide (4.5 h), and longest with 0.25% hyoscine (48 h).

CONCLUSION: All five mydriatics induced clinical dilation. Tropicamide (1%) had the shortest duration of effect, but gave incomplete dilation. Good dilation was achieved with 1% cyclopentolate and 2% homatropine, but took too long to reach maximum dilation for routine mydriasis. The largest vertical dilation of the pupil was achieved with 1% atropine and 0.25% hyoscine, but pupils remained dilated for more than 24 h.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For routine mydriasis in goats, it is recommended that 1% tropicamide be used, though there may be incomplete dilation. For a longer duration of mydriasis, such as in the treatment of anterior uveitis, 1% atropine or 0.25% hyoscine would be the drugs of choice.  相似文献   

Effect of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin on Plasma Concentrations of Insulin‐like Growth Factor I,Insulin and Membrane Integrity of Bull Spermatozoa     

MB Vieira  I Bianchi  EM Madeira  VFB Roll  CA Oliveira  P Viau  I Pivato  NC Severo  FAB Del Pino  A Schneider  MN Corrêa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):1110-1113

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the exogenous recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on plasma concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), insulin and semen quality of bulls. Twenty bulls (Aberdeen Angus and Brangus) were divided by breed into two groups. Placebo group was injected with NaCl 0.9% (s.c.) and treatment group with rbST (s.c., 500 mg) at days 0 and 14 of the experiment. Immediately after semen collection, blood samples were taken on days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 of the experiment. Semen was also collected on day 70 of the experiment. Evaluation of sperm motility was performed at pre‐freezing and post‐thawing stage, whereas assessment of sperm membrane integrity was performed after freezing and thawing. Analysis of data revealed that the effect of treatment and treatment‐by‐collection day on plasma concentrations of IGF‐I and insulin was not significant. However, mean plasma concentrations of IGF‐I and insulin were affected (p < 0.0001) by days of blood sampling. Effect of treatment and treatment‐by‐collection day on motility of spermatozoa was similar (p > 0.05) at pre‐freezing and post‐thawing stage. Intactness of plasmalemma and tail membrane of spermatozoa at post‐thawing stage was higher (p < 0.05) in rbST‐treated group than in control. In conclusion, rbST did not affect plasma concentrations of IGF‐I and insulin, however, it did improve post‐thaw sperm membrane integrity.  相似文献   

Temporary protection of rainbow trout gill epithelial cells from infection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb          下载免费PDF全文

L Al‐Hussinee  PH Pham  S Russell  L Tubbs  C Tafalla  NC Bols  B Dixon  JS Lumsden 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(9):1099-1112

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Conventional and contemporary approaches for drought tolerance rice breeding: Progress and prospects     

C Anilkumar  Rameswar Prasad Sah  Radha Beena  Muhammed Azharudheen TP  Awadesh Kumar  Sasmita Behera  NC Sunitha  SK Pradhan  KR Reshmi Raj  Parameswaran C  BC Marndi  Anil Kumar Singh 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):418-438

Drought is becoming a major threat to rice farming across the globe owing to the depletion of water tables in rice-growing belts. Drought affects rice plants at multiple stages, causing damage at morphological and physio-biochemical levels, leading to severe losses that exceed losses from all other stresses. The amalgamation of conventional breeding methods with modern molecular biology tools and biometrical methods could help accelerate the genetic gain for drought tolerance in rice. Many drought-tolerance traits with genetic determinants have been identified and exploited for tolerance rice variety breeding. The integration of genome-wide association study and genomic selection tools with speed breeding shortened the breeding cycle and aided in rapid improvement of genetic gain. In this review, we emphasized the progress made through classical breeding as well as the limitations and usefulness of current genomic methods in improving drought tolerance. We briefly addressed methods for identifying genetic determinants for drought tolerance and deploying them through genomics-assisted breeding programmes to develop high-yielding drought-tolerant rice cultivars.  相似文献   

Rethinking biorational insecticides for pest management: unintended effects and consequences     

Khalid Haddi  Leonardo M Turchen  Luis O Viteri Jumbo  Raul NC Guedes  Eliseu JG Pereira  Raimundo WS Aguiar  Eugênio E Oliveira 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2286-2293

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Changes in skin mucus of common carp,Cyprinus carpio L., after exposure to water with a high bacterial load     

M Van Der Marel  N Caspari  H Neuhaus  W Meyer  M‐L Enss  D Steinhagen 《Journal of fish diseases》2010,33(5):431-439

Water in aquaculture systems may contain a high load of microorganisms. Reduction in overall bacterial tank water load improves fish health and growth parameters. In this study, the effect of an increase of overall bacterial load in tank water on carp skin mucus was assessed. Intracellular and released high molecular weight glycoproteins (HMGs) of carp skin mucus were analysed for changes using histological, histochemical and biochemical techniques. Increase of bacterial load did not induce obvious clinical responses in carp, but the skin of exposed carp responded quickly. The amount of skin mucus HMGs isolated increased as well as their total glycosylation. An increased goblet cell number was observed for all carbohydrate stainings, but most clearly for acidic glycoconjugates. A change in the terminal presence of some sugars was also seen. After the initial response of carp, an adaptation to the higher bacterial load in the water appeared to occur as mucins had a higher glycosylation. The changes observed suggest that these skin mucus adaptations are part of a primary defence mechanism of mucosal epithelia, even at a low pathogenic pressure.  相似文献