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11.
ABSTRACT: As part of this study on the isolation of cholinesterase inhibitors from natural marine products, the bioactivity of the ethanolic extracts from 27 Korean seaweeds were screened using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory assays. Ecklonia stolonifera exhibited promising inhibitory properties against both AChE and BChE. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active n -hexane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fractions, obtained from the ethanolic extract of E. stolonifera , resulted in the isolation of the sterols; fucosterol ( 1 ) and 24-hydroperoxy 24-vinylcholesterol ( 2 ), from the n -hexane fraction and the phlorotannins; phloroglucinol ( 3 ), eckstolonol ( 4 ), eckol ( 5 ), phlorofucofuroeckol-A ( 6 ), dieckol ( 7 ), triphlorethol-A ( 8 ), 2-phloroeckol ( 9 ) and 7-phloroeckol ( 10 ), from the EtOAc fraction. Of these, compounds 2 , 9 and 10 were isolated from E. stolonifera for the first time. Compounds 4 – 7 , 9 and 10 exhibited inhibitory potential against AChE, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50 ) values of 42.66 ± 8.48, 20.56 ± 5.61, 4.89 ± 2.28, 17.11 ± 3.24, 38.13 ± 4.95 and 21.11 ± 4.16 μM, respectively; whereas, compounds 1 , 2 , 4 and 6 were found to be active against BChE, with IC50 values of 421.72 ± 1.43, 176.46 ± 2.51, 230.27 ± 3.52 and 136.71 ± 3.33 μM, respectively. It has been suggested that the inhibition of these enzymes by the sterols and phlorotannins derived from marine brown algae could be a useful approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
12.
Recycled polyols from waste polyurethane (PU) foams were grafted onto PU to improve the properties such as tensile strength, shape recovery, low-temperature flexibility, and water compatibility. The recycled polyol was either purified by column chromatography before grafting or was used directly for grafting. The soft segment melting temperature of PU did not notably increase with the addition of polyol, whereas the glass transition temperature increased with increased polyol content. The tensile strength sharply increased at low polyol content and decreased at high polyol content, while the strain at break did not significantly change with an increase in polyol content. The shape recovery at 10 oC notably improved compared with unmodified PU and remained high after four cyclic tests. Polyol-grafted PU demonstrated better lowtemperature flexibility and reduced the water vapor permeability of PU membranes. Overall, grafting recycled polyol onto PU significantly improved the tensile stress, shape recovery, and low-temperature flexibility of PU. 相似文献
13.
Loss of pendimethalin in runoff and leaching from turfgrass land under simulated rainfall 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A field study was undertaken to investigate runoff and leaching loss of the herbicide pendimethalin in turfgrass land of loamy sand soil. A series of plots constructed in a golf course fairway were surface-applied with pendimethalin SC formulation at the rate of 2. 25 or 4.50 kg a.i./ha and subjected to simulated rainfall at 2.0 cm/day for 10 consecutive days. Runoff losses of pendimethalin were the highest at the first rainfall and then gradually decreased with time. The first runoff event contained pendimethalin in its highest concentration, and in subsequent runoff samples the concentration decreased exponentially. The ranges of pendimethalin concentration were 80.9-18.2 and 177.4-48.6 microgram/L in the standard and double doses, respectively. Total losses by 20 cm of rainfall for 10 days reached 0.81 and 1.22% of the initial deposits at 2.25 and 4.50 kg a. i./ha, respectively. Pendimethalin concentration in the leachate collected at 30-cm soil depth was quite lower than that in the runoff, and the concentration rapidly decreased from 4.3-4.7 to 0. 2-0.4 microgram/L during the 10 days of rainfall treatment. Soil residue analysis at 45 and 90 days after pendimethalin treatment showed that more than 90% of the residue remained at the top 10 cm of soil depth. Low runoff and leaching confirmed that lateral and downward movement of the herbicide should be limited in turf soil. The half-life of pendimethalin under field conditions was 23-30 days and was not affected by application dose and rainfall treatment, but longer persistence was observed under laboratory conditions. Considering low runoff and leaching, as well as relatively short persistence in soil, it is concluded that little environmental carryover of pendimethalin would be expected in turfgrass land. 相似文献
14.
Flavonoid constituents of Chorizanthe diffusa with potential cancer chemopreventive activity 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Chung HS Chang LC Lee SK Shamon LA van Breemen RB Mehta RG Farnsworth NR Pezzuto JM Kinghorn AD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(1):36-41
An ethyl acetate-soluble extract of Chorizanthe diffusa was found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity, as judged by scavenging stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced free radical formation with cultured HL-60 cells. Bioassay-directed fractionation of this extract using the DPPH antioxidant assay as a monitor led to the isolation of five structurally related flavonoids (1-5), including the novel compound 5,8,3',4',5'-pentahydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone (1). Isolates 1-5 demonstrated varying degrees of antioxidant or antimutagenic activity. Two of the compounds, 5,7,3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone (2) and quercetin (4), were subsequently found to inhibit carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary organ culture model. Inhibitory activity of this type is known to correlate with cancer chemopreventive effects in full-term models of tumorigenesis. 相似文献
15.
Yu-Chia Chang Chih-Chao Chiang Yuan-Shiun Chang Jih-Jung Chen Wei-Hsien Wang Lee-Shing Fang Hsu-Ming Chung Tsong-Long Hwang Ping-Jyun Sung 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Two previously undescribed caryophyllane-related sesquiterpenoids, antipacids A (1) and B (2), with a novel bicyclo[5.2.0] core skeleton, and known compound clovane-2β,9α-diol (3), along with rumphellolide L (4), an esterified product of 1 and 3, were isolated from the organic extract of octocoral Rumphella antipathes. Their structures, including the absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical experiments. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity analysis indicated that antipacid B (2) inhibited the generation of superoxide anions and the release of elastase by human neutrophils, with IC50 values of 11.22 and 23.53 μM, respectively, while rumphellolide L (4) suppressed the release of elastase with an IC50 value of 7.63 μM. 相似文献
16.
Olivier M Aggarwal A Allen J Almendras AA Bajorek ES Beasley EM Brady SD Bushard JM Bustos VI Chu A Chung TR De Witte A Denys ME Dominguez R Fang NY Foster BD Freudenberg RW Hadley D Hamilton LR Jeffrey TJ Kelly L Lazzeroni L Levy MR Lewis SC Liu X Lopez FJ Louie B Marquis JP Martinez RA Matsuura MK Misherghi NS Norton JA Olshen A Perkins SM Perou AJ Piercy C Piercy M Qin F Reif T Sheppard K Shokoohi V Smick GA Sun WL Stewart EA Fernando J Tejeda Tran NM Trejo T Vo NT Yan SC Zierten DL Zhao S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5507):1298-1302
We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases. 相似文献
17.
Chung Yong Suk Silva Renato Rodrigues Park Minwoo Lee Sanghyeob 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2019,22(1):17-20
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The ionizing radiation methods, including X-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons to create variation is well established and used in major crops. Many... 相似文献
18.
Kwangho Choi Chung Il Lee Kwangseok Hwang Sang-Woo Kim Jong-Hwa Park Yeong Gong 《Fisheries Research》2008,91(2-3):281-290
Data on squid catches of Korean and Japan, water temperatures at depth of 100 m, and night-visible images of fishing boats collected in the East (Japan) Sea from 1970 to 1999 were analyzed to examine the distribution and migration of the Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea. The main fishing grounds detected from squid catch in each grid (0.5° latitude × 0.5° longitude) by Korean squid fishery and night-visible images provided by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) were situated in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea. The distribution and migration route was illustrated from squid catch in each grid and DMSP OLS image. In years of high catches, the fishing grounds were situated mainly between Ulleung Island and the eastern coastal waters of Korea, while in years of low catches they were situated between Ulleung Island and the Yamato Bank in the central East (Japan) Sea. The center of fishing activity began moving northward from around the Korea/Tsushima strait to the northern boundary of the Tsushima Warm Current in March, reaching into the Yamato Bank in September, and then returning to the strait by February. The northward and southward migration routes differed; the northward migration route occurred closer to the mainland coast of Korea than the southward migration route did. This work suggests T. pacificus begin their northward migration almost 2 months earlier than previously suggested. 相似文献
19.
We have developed two monoclonal antibodies which detect cell surface antigens present on chicken lymphocytes mediating natural killer (NK) cell activity against the avian tumor cell target. The monoclonal antibodies, K-14 and K-108, stained 17 and 6% of splenic lymphocytes, and 11 and 14% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), respectively, and fewer than 5% of thymic and bursal lymphocytes. Neither of these monoclonal antibodies stained adherent macrophages or the MC29-virus transformed monocytic cell line. Both monoclonal antibodies significantly inhibited NK cell activity in a standard 4 h 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay using the LSCC-RP9 tumor cell line as target cells at an effector to target ratio of 50:1. Pretreatment of splenocytes with either monoclonal antibody in the presence of rabbit complement (C) resulted in a significant reduction in NK cell activity. However, the monoclonal antibody K-1 which detects normal chicken macrophages did not interfere with NK cell activity. The monoclonal antibody K-108 significantly blocked Fc receptor-mediated rosette formation of sheep red blood cells coated with IgG antibodies (EA) by 56% while the monoclonal antibody K-14 did not show a significant blocking. These results indicate that the monoclonal antibodies K-108 and K-14 identify different epitopes present on the surface of chicken splenic lymphocytes which mediate spontaneous NK cytotoxicity. 相似文献
20.
杨树水泡型溃疡病菌生理特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
经试验杨树水泡型溃疡病菌分生孢子的萌芽不超过2小时。以2%葡萄糖溶液处理的孢子萌芽率最高为92.8%。冰箱保存14个月的分生孢子,经24小时的发芽率为73.5。 相似文献