Plasma glucose concentration is maintained during TSE infection of cattle and sheep     

Horton RA  Allison GG  Jayasena D  Stevens PR  Clifford D  Everest S  Jackman R  Moorby JM 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(2):193-199

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基因组，基因表达与饲料     

Clifford A Adams  岳洪源  齐广海  李海涛 《饲料与畜牧》2008,(8):16-19

生物体生长发育过程中的一个基本行为就是定位于基因组中的基因系统的活动。因而,生物发育中不断的进行着具有时间和器官特异性的基因表达或抑制,这些过程最终引起特定蛋白的合成。来自基因组外或外界的环境信号会使这种特异性基因表达模式发生变化,从而产生多重效果,比如生长、分化、健康的维持、疾病的避免或发作以及生长抑制等。经过进化,人们已经意识到许多具有生物活性的日粮成分（即营养调节剂）可以控制基因组的表达。日粮中包含一系列重要的信号物质,这些物质可以使多细胞有机体调整其对复杂的环境变化的响应,进而影响到生长发育。  相似文献   

Effects of lime application and test branch position on 14C-photosynthate partitioning in 3-year-old Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis plants growing in pots containing peat soils     

Kakei  M; Clifford  PE 《Forestry》1999,72(3):223-235

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Natural products for pest control: an analysis of their role,value and future     

B Clifford Gerwick  Thomas C Sparks 《Pest management science》2014,70(8):1169-1185

Natural products (NPs) have long been used as pesticides and have broadly served as a source of inspiration for a great many commercial synthetic organic fungicides, herbicides and insecticides that are in the market today. In light of the continuing need for new tools to address an ever‐changing array of fungal, weed and insect pests, NPs continue to be a source of models and templates for the development of new pest control agents. Interestingly, an examination of the literature suggests that NP models exist for many of the pest control agents that were discovered by other means, suggesting that, had circumstances been different, these NPs could have served as inspiration for the discovery of a great many more of today's pest control agents. Here, an attempt is made to answer questions regarding the existence of an NP model for existing classes of pesticides and what is needed for the discovery of new NPs and NP models for pest control agents. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

氧化应激与疾病     

Clifford A Adams  武书庚  齐广海  李海涛 《饲料与畜牧》2009,(3):10-12

饲料对动物的作用之一就是通过各组分的氧化提供代谢能,为在细胞线粒体中有效产生能量,每种动物均需要氧气。但氧是一种诱变气体,具有毒性,细胞的过量氧化,会导致系列非传染性病或恶化传染性病。因动物已建立了各种抗氧化体系,且饲料也是重要的抗氧化剂来源,故动物可生活在氧气环境中。因此在饲料与宿主之间还需调控氧化应激。  相似文献   

The effect of dosing with sodium hydroxide (NaOH−) on water pH and growth of Haliotis midae in an abalone serial-use raceway     

Matthew A. Naylor  Horst Kaiser  Clifford L. W. Jones 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(2):467-479

Abalone culture systems are characterised by high water exchange rates as abalone are sensitive to changes in water quality. To reduce the costs of pumping, serial reuse systems have been tested. As water pH can decline in these systems, this study determined the effect of raising pH through the addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH^?) on weight gain, length gain and feed conversion ratio of H. midae in a serial-use raceway. Dosing with NaOH^? increased pH by 0.3, 0.27 and 0.21 units at positions 1, 2 and 3 of a serial-pass system, respectively. Weight gain (Wg) and length gain (Lg) were correlated with pH (Wg: F _{1, 16} = 16.35, P = 0.0009, r ² = 0.51; Lg: F _{1, 16} = 16.16, P = 0.0009, r ² = 0.50), and using pH, dissolved oxygen and free ammonia nitrogen as independent variables suggested that water pH was the best predictor for abalone growth.  相似文献   

Feline discrete high‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma treated with surgical resection and adjuvant CHOP‐based chemotherapy: retrospective study of 20 cases          下载免费PDF全文

E. D. Gouldin  C. Mullin  M. Morges  S. J. Mehler  L.‐P. de Lorimier  C. Oakley  R. Risbon  L. May  S. A. Kahn  C. Clifford 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(2):328-335

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of cats treated with surgical intervention for a discrete intermediate‐/high‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma prior to CHOP‐based chemotherapy. Variables including sex, breed, haematocrit, white blood cell count, serum albumin concentration, clinical stage of disease, gastrointestinal obstruction and peritonitis were assessed for their effect on survival. Twenty cats met the inclusion criteria with three cats still alive at the time of data analysis. The overall median survival time (MST) was 417 days (range: 12–2962 days). The disease‐free interval (DFI) was 357 days (range: 0–1585 days) with six cats still deemed in remission prior to death. Only clinical stage had a significant effect on both MST and DFI. Cats with discrete intermediate/high‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma that undergo surgical resection followed by adjuvant CHOP chemotherapy may achieve acceptable overall survival times.  相似文献   

Repeat tuberculin skin testing leads to desensitisation in naturally infected tuberculous cattle which is associated with elevated interleukin-10 and decreased interleukin-1 beta responses     

Michael Coad  Derek Clifford  Shelley G. Rhodes  R. Glyn Hewinson  H. Martin Vordermeier    Adam O. Whelan 《Veterinary research》2010,41(2)

The principal surveillance tool used to control bovine tuberculosis in cattle is the removal of animals that provide a positive response to the tuberculin skin-test. In this study we performed a longitudinal investigation of the immunological and diagnostic consequences of repeated short-interval skin-tests in cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Tuberculin skin-test positive cattle were subjected to up to four further intradermal comparative cervical skin-tests at approximately 60-day intervals. A significant progressive reduction in the strength of the skin-test was observed after successive tests. In contrast, the magnitude of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses was not influenced by repeat skin-testing either transiently around the time of each skin-test or longitudinally following repeated tests. A significant boost in blood interleukin-10 (IL-10) production was observed within 3 days following each skin-test although the magnitude of this boosted response returned to lower levels by day 10 post-test. The application of a novel multiplex assay to simultaneously measure seven cytokines and chemokines also identified that skin-testing resulted in a significant and progressive reduction in antigen specific interleukin-1β (IL-1β) whilst confirming stable IFN-γ and elevated IL-10 responses in the blood. Therefore, we have demonstrated that in cattle naturally infected with M. bovis, repeat short-interval skin-testing can lead to a progressive reduction in skin-test responsiveness which has potential negative consequences for the detection of infected animals with marginal or inconclusive skin-test responses. The desensitising effect is associated with decreased IL-1β and elevated IL-10 responses, but importantly, does not influence antigen specific IFN-γ responses.  相似文献   

Efficacy of doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy for non‐resectable canine subcutaneous haemangiosarcoma     

J. L. Wiley  K. A. Rook  C. A. Clifford  T. P. Gregor  K. U. Sorenmo 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2010,8(3):221-233

Eighteen dogs with measurable subcutaneous haemangiosarcoma (SQHSA) were treated with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy. Response assessment was evaluated and compared using World Health Organization (WHO), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) and tumour volume criteria. The overall response rate for all dogs was 38.8% using WHO criteria, 38.8% using RECIST criteria and 44% using tumour volume criteria. One dog had a complete response. The median response duration for all dogs was 53 days (range 13–190 days). Four dogs had complete surgical excision after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The median progression‐free interval for dogs with complete surgical excision after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly longer than those not having surgical excision (207 days versus 83 days, respectively) (P = 0.003). No significant difference in metastasis‐free interval or survival time was found between the groups. Doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy appears to be effective for non‐resectable canine SQHSA, although the response duration is relatively short.  相似文献   

Short-term soil nutrient impact in a real-time drain field soil moisture–controlled SDI wastewater disposal system     

Jiajie He  Mark Dougherty  Francisco J. Arriaga  John P. Fulton  Charles W. Wood  Joey N. Shaw  Clifford R. Lange 《Irrigation Science》2013,31(1):59-67

The Alabama Black Belt area is widespread of Vertisols that are generally unsuitable for conventional septic systems; nonetheless, systems of this type have been widely used in this region for decades. In order to explore alternatives for these conventional septic systems, a real-time soil moisture–controlled subsurface drip irrigation wastewater disposal system was integrated and field tested in a Houston Vertisol for 1 year. This automated disposal system effectively limited wastewater disposal during unfavorably wet drain field conditions. However, the resulting nutrient supply into the drain field was observed to be in surplus to crop growth requirements. Soil cores taken at the conclusion of the 1-year study indicated evidence of nitrate and phosphorus leaching. Available nitrates in the top 100 cm of soil showed a decreasing trend but were higher than all other parallel controls. Soil crop-available phosphorous in the soil increased below the drip line, as result that may be ascribed to soil cracking that was not properly controlled at the test site. Despite the demonstrated deficiencies, integrating timing of wastewater disposal with soil moisture conditions can supplement existing municipal or decentralized community wastewater treatment disposal systems.  相似文献