Future habitat loss and the conservation of plant biodiversity     

Xingli Giam  Corey J.A. Bradshaw  Hugh T.W. Tan 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1594-2702

Rapid land-use and climate changes are projected to cause broad-scale global land-cover transformation that will increase species extinction rates. We assessed the exposure of globally threatened plant biodiversity to future habitat loss over the first half of this century by testing country-level associations between threatened plant species richness and future habitat loss owing to land-use and climate changes, separately. In countries overlapping Biodiversity Hotspots, plant species endangerment increases with climate change-driven habitat loss. This association suggests that many currently threatened plant species will become extinct owing to anthropogenic climate change in the absence of potentially mitigating factors such as natural and assisted range shift, and physiological and genetic adaptations. Countries rich in threatened species, which are also projected to have relatively high total future habitat loss, are concentrated around the equator. Because poverty and poor governance can compromise conservation, we considered the economic condition and quality of governance with the degree of plant species endangerment and future habitat loss to prioritize countries based on conservation need. We identified Angola, Cuba, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, Tajikistan, and Tanzania as the countries in greatest need of conservation assistance. For conservation endeavors to be effective, the conservation capacity of these high-need countries needs to be improved by assisting political stability and economic sustainability. We make policy recommendations that aim to mitigate climate change, promote plant species conservation, and improve the economic conditions and quality of governance in countries with high conservation need.  相似文献   

Assessment of plasma uracil-to-dihydrouracil concentration ratio as an indicator of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in clinically normal dogs and dogs with neoplasia or renal insufficiency     

Schmiedt CW  Saba CF  Freeman KG  Edwards GL 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(1):119-124

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EFFECTS ON THE GONADS OF CORTICO-ADRENAL EXTRACT     

Corey EL  Britton SW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1931,74(1908):101-102

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Relating spatial scale to patterns of polychaete species diversity in coastal estuaries of the western United States     

Garza  Corey 《Landscape Ecology》2007,23(1):107-121

Historically, studies in landscape ecology have investigated how variation in spatial scale can affect the complex interactions observed in an ecosystem. In this study I describe survey data collected as part of the United States National Coastal Assessment that were used to discern the role sampling scale can play in detecting the relationship between physical factors and patterns of polychaete species diversity in marine estuaries. In this survey, sampling sites were randomly selected at three spatial scales using a probability based site selection algorithm applied to a GIS representation of all U.S. west coast estuaries. At each sampling scale, data relating to species diversity and environmental condition were collected. My analyses revealed that polychaetes displayed an increase in diversity towards the equator. It appears that across latitude both the rate of increase in and total diversity were affected by variation in the spatial scale over which the survey was conducted. Variation in scale also affected interpretations of the magnitude to which physical factors may potentially relate to species diversity across latitude. The data suggested that increased sampling scales obscured negative relationships between physical factors and species diversity across the estuaries sampled in this study. The results of this study demonstrate how assessments of the strength of the relationship between physical factors and species diversity in coastal communities can be strongly affected by variation in sampling scale.

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Arthroscopic biceps brachii tenotomy as a treatment for canine bicipital tenosynovitis     

Wall CR  Taylor R 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(2):169-175

Five dogs of varying breeds, ranging from 4 to 8 years in age, were presented with clinical signs consistent with bicipital tenosynovitis. After failure of conservative treatment, each dog underwent shoulder arthroscopy. Following examination of the scapular humeral joint, the bicipital tendon was severed with a bipolar radiofrequency electrosurgical system. The arthroscopic procedure resulted in a good to excellent outcome for all five dogs.  相似文献   

Generation of a hybrid sequence-specific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

D R Corey  P G Schultz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4832):1401-1403

The relatively nonspecific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease, staphylococcal nuclease, was selectively fused to an oligonucleotide binding site of defined sequence to generate a hybrid enzyme. A cysteine was substituted for Lys116 in the enzyme by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and coupled to an oligonucleotide that contained a 3'-thiol. The resulting hybrid enzyme cleaved single-stranded DNA at sites adjacent to the oligonucleotide binding site.  相似文献   

Feral pig predation threatens the indigenous harvest and local persistence of snake-necked turtles in northern Australia     

Damien Fordham  Ben Corey 《Biological conservation》2006,133(3):379-388

Northern snake-necked turtles (Chelodina rugosa) traditionally provided an important seasonal source of protein for indigenous communities in Arnhem Land, northern Australia. Harvest techniques today differ little from those used historically, harvesting being applied in the late dry season when ephemeral waters have drawn down and turtles are aestivating. Radio-telemetry was used to quantify survival rates of C. rugosa at a traditional turtle harvest site and relate them to harvest, predation by feral pigs (Sus scrofa) and environmental factors. Although turtle survival was positively correlated with body size, the survival of turtles of all sizes and stages of maturity was compromised by pig predation. Seasonal variation in the onset, duration and severity of rainfall and associated influences on periodic drying, are important for C. rugosa survival because such variation influences the timing and intensity of both Aboriginal harvest and pig predation. Contemporary harvest rates of C. rugosa in Arnhem Land by Aboriginal people are very low because pig predation depletes available stocks immediately before Aboriginal harvesting. Aboriginal harvest rates are regulated also by the frequency and timing of ceremonies and other cultural activities that interfere with harvests. Before the arrival of pigs, such relaxation of harvest pressure in years when harvest would otherwise be possible would have contributed to the local abundance and persistence of C. rugosa. In contrast, pig predation is unrelenting, and years of high turtle survival are now restricted only to years of high wet season rainfall.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a fibrillin 2 gene haplotype associated with hip dysplasia and incipient osteoarthritis in dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Friedenberg SG  Zhu L  Zhang Z  Foels Wv  Schweitzer PA  Wang W  Fisher PJ  Dykes NL  Corey E  Vernier-Singer M  Jung SW  Sheng X  Hunter LS  McDonough SP  Lust G  Bliss SP  Krotscheck U  Gunn TM  Todhunter RJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(4):530-540

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Combination chemotherapy with L-asparaginase, lomustine, and prednisone for relapsed or refractory canine lymphoma     

Saba CF  Thamm DH  Vail DM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(1):127-132

BACKGROUND: Canine lymphoma (LSA) is responsive to initial treatment, however, it then becomes resistant to drugs in the initial protocol. New rescue protocols are needed. HYPOTHESIS: A combination of L-asparaginase, lomustine, and prednisone will be well tolerated and efficacious as a rescue therapy for dogs with LSA. ANIMALS: Thirty-one client owned dogs with cytologically confirmed multicentric LSA who were refractory or whose disease had relapsed after a CHOP (cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone)-based chemotherapy protocol. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial. Lomustine (target dose, 70 mg/m2) was administered orally at 3-week intervals for a total of 5 doses or until disease progression. L-asparaginase (400 U/kg) was administered subcutaneously concurrently with the first 2 lomustine treatments. Prednisone was administered at a tapering dose for the duration of the protocol. RESULTS: Overall response rate for dogs treated with this protocol was 87% (27/31), with 52% (16/31) of dogs achieving a complete response. Median time to response was 21 days. Median time to progression was 63 days (111 days for dogs achieving a complete response and 42 days for dogs achieving a partial response). There were no significant differences in response rates and times to progression between dogs who had received L-asparaginase before beginning this rescue protocol and those who had not. Toxicoses were mild and self-limiting in 29 of 31 cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This is a well-tolerated rescue therapy for relapsing LSA in dogs. Response rates and remission durations compare favorably to other rescue protocols. Therefore, this protocol is a viable rescue option.  相似文献   

Comparing the Effects of Aquatic Stressors on Model Temperate Freshwater Aquatic Communities     

Dalinsky  Sabrina A.  Lolya  Lewis M.  Maguder  Jennifer L.  Pierce  Joshua L. B.  Kelting  Daniel L.  Laxson  Corey L.  Patrick  David A. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(6):1-15

Nuisance odors generation from waste and wastewater treatment plants are a cause of public discomfort and complaints. This situation impairs the air quality and represents a growing social and public health problem, especially in developing countries. Several modeling approaches have been developed and successfully implemented in the frame of a wastewater treatment plant for both the biological treatment and physicochemical processes. The mathematical modeling of the odor generation process is still considered a quite complex issue, mainly due to the fact that olfactory nuisance can be caused by many different chemical compounds and the perception of odors is influenced by subjective thresholds. Moreover, the impact of odor sources on air quality is highly conditioned by complex atmospheric dispersion processes. This review presents a critical state-of-art and assessment where information related to odor emissions impact studies as well as modeling applications are compiled and discussed.  相似文献