Lumbo-sacral epidural anaesthesia as a complement to dissociative anaesthesia during scrotal herniorrhaphy of livestock pigs in the field     

Carl Ekstrand  Marie Sterning  Love Bohman  Anna Edner 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

In Sweden, scrotal or inguinal herniorrhaphy of livestock pigs in the field has traditionally been an important part of the surgical skills training of veterinary students. Few substances meet the legal requirements for field anaesthesia of production animals in the European Union but a protocol based on azaperone-detomidine-butorphanol-ketamine does. Unfortunately the anaesthesia is characterised by unpredictable duration and depth and of abrupt awakenings which is not acceptable from an animal welfare perspective and impedes surgical training. Lumbo-sacral epidural analgesia is proven to provide sufficient analgesia to allow abdominal surgery, but there are few reports on the field use of this loco-regional technique. The study aim was to evaluate whether lumbo-sacral anaesthesia can be safely and successfully used in the field by a veterinary student and whether the combination of dissociative and lumbo-sacral epidural anaesthesia improves analgesia and anaesthesia to guarantee animal welfare during herniorrhaphy in livestock pigs, enabling surgical skills training.

Results

Pigs in the control-group (placebo) responded significantly stronger to surgery, with five out of 11 requiring additional doses of detomidine and ketamine. There were no significant differences between groups in respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, SpO₂ or blood gases. SpO₂ levels <94 % were recorded in several pigs in both groups. No post-injection complications were reported at follow-up.

Conclusions

The results from this study showed that lumbo-sacral epidural anaesthesia with lidocaine could successfully be administered during dissociative anaesthesia of livestock pigs by a veterinary student and without reported post-injection complications. It improved analgesia and anaesthesia during herniorrhaphy of sufficient duration to enable surgical skills training. The risks and consequences of hypoxaemia and hypoventilation should be considered.  相似文献   

Acanthocephalan infection and sparganosis in a green tree snake (Dendrelaphis punctulata)     

AG Hill  PW Ladds  DM Spratt 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(9):362-364

Acanthocephalan and spargana parasites were identified within a body wall mass during exploratory surgery in a wild green tree snake. Acanthocephalan parasites have not previously been reported in this species. Surgical excision, the treatment of choice, could not be achieved because of the extensive infiltration of the coelomic cavity.  相似文献   

Effects of moderate exercise on semen parameters and serum LH and cortisol concentrations in stallions     

R.K. Gordon  J.D. Mawyer  C.A. Cavinder  D.H. Sigler  T.L. Blanchard  C.C. Love  S.P. Brinsko  C.E. Arnold  S. Teague  M.M. Vogelsang 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

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Relationship of Sperm Quality to Fertility after 4 Days of Cooled Storage of Equine Semen     

Allison M. Kiser  Steven P. Brinsko  Charles C. Love  Dickson D. Varner  Kendrick Sudderth  Terry L. Blanchard 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

This study evaluated measures of sperm quality in relation to fertility achieved with fresh semen or semen cooled and stored. Semen from 1 stallion was collected and processed to provide 3 treatments: group 1 received fresh semen; group 2 received cooled semen containing 50% seminal plasma (SP) stored for 4 days; and group 3 received cooled semen containing 50% SP stored for 1 day, then centrifuged and resuspended in fresh extender containing 10% SP on days 1 to 3. Inseminates were evaluated for sperm motion characteristics and the percentage of sperm with intact membranes (SMI). Mares (n = 34) in estrus were treated with an ovulation-inducing drug and inseminated with 100 million membrane-intact sperm on the following day. Pregnancy status was determined via transrectal ultrasonography 2 weeks after ovulation. The mean percentage of SMI was higher in group 1 (81%, initial) than in group 2 (74%, day 4) or group 3 (74%, day 4) (P < .05). The median percentages of total sperm motility differed among the groups (77%, 5%, 59% for groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively; P < .05). Median values for the percentages of progressively motile sperm and curvilinear velocity for group 1 (55%, 216 μm/s) and 3 (37%, 186 μm/s) were higher than for group 2 (1%, 73 μm/s) (P < .05). Pregnancy rates did not differ among groups (5 of 11, 45% in group 1; 5 of 11, 45% in group 2; and 7 of 12, 58%, in group 3; P = .77). These data suggest that, at least for this stallion, sperm membrane integrity may be a more valuable means of assessing potential fertility of cooled-stored semen than sperm motion characteristics.  相似文献   

Effect of testicle storage temperature on motility and viability of stallion epididymal spermatozoa     

G. Mari  B. Merlo  D. Asta  Giovanni Rizzato  Beatrice Misley  C.C. Love 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

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Occurrence and characterization of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig industries of northern Thailand     

Prapas Patchanee  Pakpoom Tadee  Orapun Arjkumpa  David Love  Karoon Chanachai  Thomas Alter  Soawapak Hinjoy  Prasit Tharavichitkul 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(4):529-536

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in pigs, farm workers, and the environment in northern Thailand, and to assess LA-MRSA isolate phenotypic characteristics. One hundred and four pig farms were randomly selected from the 21,152 in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces in 2012. Nasal and skin swab samples were collected from pigs and farm workers. Environmental swabs (pig stable floor, faucet, and feeder) were also collected. MRSA was identified by conventional bacterial culture technique, with results confirmed by multiplex PCR and multi locus sequence typing (MLST). Herd prevalence of MRSA was 9.61% (10 of 104 farms). Among pigs, workers, and farm environments, prevalence was 0.68% (two of 292 samples), 2.53% (seven of 276 samples), and 1.28% (four of 312 samples), respectively. Thirteen MRSA isolates (seven from workers, four from environmental samples, and two from pigs) were identified as Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec IV sequences type 9. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests found 100% of the MRSA isolates resistant to clindamycin, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline, while 100% were susceptible to cloxacillin and vancomycin. All possessed a multidrug-resistant phenotype. This is the first evidence of an LA-MRSA interrelationship among pigs, workers, and the farm environment in Thailand.  相似文献   

Otitis externa in a foxhound pack associated with Candida albicans     

Q A McKellar  A Rycroft  L Anderson  J Love 《The Veterinary record》1990,127(1):15-16

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Recovery characteristics following maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane or isoflurane in dogs premedicated with acepromazine     

Love EJ  Holt PE  Murison PJ 《The Veterinary record》2007,161(7):217-221

A standard anaesthetic protocol was used to anaesthetise 40 dogs for intravenous urography and a retrograde urethrogram or vaginourethrogram. The dogs were allocated by blocked randomisation to receive either isoflurane or sevoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia after they had been premedicated with acepromazine and pethidine, and anaesthesia induced with propofol. An observer who was unaware of which agent had been used assessed ataxia 30 and 60 minutes after discontinuation of administration of the anaesthetic and assigned an overall recovery score. No complications occurred during anaesthesia of either group of dogs. The scores for ataxia were significantly lower after 60 minutes than after 30 minutes, but there was no significant difference between the groups. The quality of recovery was significantly better in the dogs that received sevoflurane than in those that received isoflurane, but the recovery times were similar.  相似文献   

Tree plantations on farms: Evaluating growth and potential for success     

Jefferson S. Hall  Brian E. Love  Eva J. GarenJacob L. Slusser  Kristin SaltonstallShane Mathias  Michiel van BreugelDiogenes Ibarra  Edward W. BorkDean Spaner  Mark H. WishnieMark S. Ashton 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(10):1675-1683

Interest in native species is growing across the tropics as reforestation of degraded lands becomes more widespread. In this study four tree species native to Panama - Cedrela odorata, Pachira quinata, Samanea saman, and Tabebuia rosea - were grown on rural farms at two dry tropical sites in Panama for up to five years. Survivorship and growth data at these “on-farm” trials are compared to data recorded from nearby experimental or “species selection” trial sites and evaluated in terms of soil fertility and management. Participant farmers were also asked about their interest in planting trees in general as well as their interest in 61 species grown in the species selection trial.Although, on-farm survivorship was variable and generally lower than that found on the species selection trial, one species (S. saman) experienced high and consistent survivorship. High survivorship combined with growth data from farms at both sites for this species suggests it would be a good candidate for extension projects working with rural farmers. Survivorship of other species appears more sensitive to farmer management and/or local site conditions. Generally lower growth on the Los Santos farms as compared to the species-selection trial is attributed to the lower soil fertility (plant available P) at the on-farm sites compared to the species selection trial. In contrast, only one species - P. quinata - had a growth variable found to be significantly lower between the on-farm and species selection trial sites in Rio Hato. C. odorata, P. quinata T. rosea can all be used in on-farm conditions with consideration to specific site and management conditions.By 2009, approximately 80% of the farmers planting trees still wished to participate in tree planting activities. All of the farmers no longer wishing to continue with the project expressed slow growth rates of trees as a principal reason. All but one of these farmers had growth rates for his/her trees markedly below those of the species selection trial nearby. Some farmers wishing to continue had very high mortality rates (>70% for all species), suggesting non-tangible benefits for participating in project activities. Other species that were not tested on-farm but grew well in the species-selection trials and were of interest to local farmers are discussed.As long as specific site and management conditions are carefully considered, data from species selection trials can be useful in informing tree planting projects with rural farmers; however, care should be taken to manage expectations.  相似文献   

Probing the Local Effects of Magnetic Impurities on Superconductivity     

A Yazdani  BA Jones  CP Lutz  MF Crommie  DM Eigler 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5307):1767-1770

The local effects of isolated magnetic adatoms on the electronic properties of the surface of a superconductor were studied with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. Tunneling spectra obtained near magnetic adsorbates reveal the presence of excitations within the superconductor's energy gap that can be detected over a few atomic diameters around the impurity at the surface. These excitations are locally asymmetric with respect to tunneling of electrons and holes. A model calculation based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations can be used to understand the details of the local tunneling spectra.  相似文献