Genetic Variability and Structure of Canadian Populations of the Sapstain Fungus Ceratocystis resinifera     

Morin C  Breuil C  Bernier L 《Phytopathology》2004,94(12):1323-1330

ABSTRACT Genomic DNA was extracted from 129 isolates of Ceratocystis resinifera, a species belonging to the C. coerulescens complex, and 19 polymorphic random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to study the population genetic structure of this fungus. The analysis suggested a moderate value for genetic diversity (H(S) = 0.209). However, when monomorphic markers and rare alleles, representing 89 markers, also were included in the calculation, the genetic diversity of Canadian populations of C. resinifera appeared to be much lower (H(S) = 0.045). This could be explained by two hypotheses: (i) recent introduction of this species into North America and (ii) clonal reproduction (by selfing). No specialization by C. resinifera for coniferous tree species was observed based on genetic differentiation index between isolates sampled from Pinus and Picea spp. and on phylogenetic analysis using Dice coefficient of association. In spite of a low genetic diversity, a very high genetic differentiation was observed among the nine geographical populations studied (F(ST) = 20.8%). The genetic differences were especially striking when populations from Eastern Canada were compared with populations from Western Canada (phiST = 0.27%; P < 0.001), suggesting that a geographic reproductive barrier occurs in Central Canada. This barrier may be the consequence of a weak migration of insect vectors of C. resinifera due to reduced presence of hosts in the Canadian Great Plains, where extensive agriculture occurs. However, results from pairwise F(ST) matrix and phylogeny of haplotypes suggest that the barrier is not totally impenetrable because some gene flow occurred from the west and from the east in the Big River (Saskatchewan) population located in the middle of the Great Plains.  相似文献   

A retrospective study of 29 cases of otitis media/interna in dairy calves     

Véronique Bernier Gosselin  David Francoz  Marie Babkine  André Desrochers  Sylvain Nichols  Elizabeth Doré  Christian Bédard  Joane Parent  Julie-Hélène Fairbrother  Gilles Fecteau 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(9):957-962

Epidemiological data, clinical findings, laboratory data, medical imaging, and outcomes were reviewed in 29 dairy calves with otitis media/interna. Age at admission ranged from 1 to 24 wk. The majority of calves were referred during winter. Clinical signs included drooping ear, ptosis, head tilt, abnormal nystagmus, strabismus, dysphagia, regurgitation, stiff neck, opisthotonos, facial hyperesthesia, and purulent aural discharge. Intranasal endoscopic examination of 5 animals revealed nasopharyngeal collapse in 4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in all of 7 cases. Mycoplasma bovis was cultured from all but 1 case with external ear or tympanic bullae samples (n = 12), and Mycoplasma arginini was cultured from the remaining ear sample. Radiographs of the tympanic bullae were performed in 24 calves, tomodensitometry (CT) in 3 calves and ultrasound in 4 calves. According to medical imaging techniques or necropsy, 69% of the cases were classified as chronic. Mean duration of treatment was 23.3 d. The rate of clinical recovery was 75%.  相似文献   

Comparison of radiographic osteoarthritis scores in dogs less than 24 months or greater than 24 months following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy     

Andrea M. DeLuke  Dave A. Allen  Eric R. Wilson  Jayce A. Lineberger  Terry W. Lehenbauer  Michelle Fabiani  Brian A. Poteet 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(10):1095-1099

Radiographic osteoarthritis scores were determined in 60 dogs up to 3 years following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Radiographs taken immediately following surgery and at long-term follow-up 1 to 3 years later were evaluated by 2 certified radiologists using a modified 32-point osteoarthritis scale. Changes in osteoarthritis scores were evaluated by paired t-tests and regression analysis. Sub-groups of dogs were formed to evaluate if osteoarthritis scores changed differently for follow-up periods of < 24 months compared with those > 24 months. There was a significant increase in osteoarthritis score from post-operative to follow-up evaluations for all dogs studied. Regression analysis of the relationship of months after surgery to change in osteoarthritis score was not significant. These results indicate that osteoarthritis did progress following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy, but not in a linear fashion over time.  相似文献   

Targeting the detection of chronic wasting disease using the hunter harvest during early phases of an outbreak in Saskatchewan, Canada     

Rees EE  Merrill EH  Bollinger TK  Hwang YT  Pybus MJ  Coltman DW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,104(1-2):149-159

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of North American cervids that was first detected in a wild, hunter-shot deer in Saskatchewan along the border with Alberta in Canada in 2000. Spatially explicit models for assessing factors affecting disease detection are needed to guide surveillance and control programs. Spatio-temporal patterns in CWD prevalence can be complicated by variation in individual infection probability and sampling biases. We assessed hunter harvest data of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the early phases of an outbreak in Saskatchewan (i.e., 2002-2007) for targeting the detection of CWD by defining (1) where to look, and (2) how much effort to use. First, we accounted for known demographic heterogeneities in infection to model the probability, P(E), that a harvested deer was infected with CWD given characteristics of the harvest location. Second, in areas where infected deer were harvested we modelled the probability, P(D), of the hunter harvest re-detecting CWD within sample units of varying size (9-54 km(2)) given the demographics of harvested deer and time since first detection in the study area. Heterogeneities in host infection were consistent with those reported elsewhere: mule deer 3.7 times >white-tailed deer, males 1.8 times>females, and quadratically related to age in both sexes. P(E) increased with number of years since the first detection in our study area (2002) and proximity to known disease sources, and also varied with distance to the South Saskatchewan River and small creek drainages, terrain ruggedness, and extent of agriculture lands within a 3 km radius of the harvest. The majority (75%) of new CWD-positive deer from our sample were found within 20 km of infected deer harvested in the previous year, while approximately 10% were greater than 40 km. P(D) modelled at 18 km(2) was best supported, but for all scales, P(D) depended on the number of harvested deer and time since the first infected deer was harvested. Within an 18 km(2) sampling unit, there was an 80% probability of detecting a CWD-positive deer with 16 harvested deer five years after the initial infected harvest. Identifying where and how much to sample to detect CWD can improve targeted surveillance programs early in the outbreak of the disease when based on hunter harvest.  相似文献   

The Effects of a Rotational Cattle Grazing System on Elk Diets in Arizona Piñon–Juniper Rangeland     

Doug Tolleson  Lacey Halstead  Larry Howery  Dave Schafer  Stephen Prince  Kris Banik 《Herpetological Monographs》2012,34(1):19-25

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Study on the Prepressing of Flakeboard Containing Waste Paper     

Günther Gerischer  Dave Reeves 《Southern Forests》2013,75(1):73-76

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the strength properties of a composite board containing waste paper as a core material, could be improved by the prior prepressing of the core material before pressing the product to final thickness. Results indicated that intermediate cold prepressing of the core layer had no effect on the bending strength and MOE and can thus be eliminated. Flakeboard containing Kraft waste paper appears to be superior to commercial particle boards, with regard to thickness swelling in water. Results so far obtained indicate that waste paper can be utilized for flakeboard manufacture.  相似文献   

Limiting Amino Acids in Practical Diets for California Yellowtail,Seriola lalandi     

Dave O. Jirsa  Kevin R. Stuart  Guillaume P. Salze  Melanie A. Rhodes  D. Allen Davis  Mark A. Drawbridge 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(6):681-690

Three trials were run to identify the limiting dietary amino acids in practical, soy‐based formulations for California yellowtail juveniles. In the first trial, four diets were formulated with 20% fish meal and 43% soy protein concentrate. The basal diet was supplemented with methionine, lysine, and taurine (MLT), and each supplement was then individually deleted in three additional diets (LT, MT, and ML). A significant decrease in growth was only seen in fish fed the ML diet. The second and third trials were designed to test graded levels of dietary taurine and methionine, respectively. Dietary taurine ranged from 0.32 to 1.5%, and methionine levels ranged from 0.95 to 1.19% of the diet with constant levels of cysteine (0.73%). While weight gains were considered adequate to detect a dietary amino acid deficiency, there was no significant effect of graded levels of either taurine or methionine on final weights, growth rates, survival, or feed efficiency. In conclusion, the practical diets tested required taurine supplementations, but did not require lysine or methionine supplementation. While these data are insufficient to determine the taurine or methionine requirement of California yellowtail, it provides minimum levels likely to meet these requirements. Additional research is necessary to determine taurine and methionine requirements precisely in this species.  相似文献   

Lumbricus terrestris L. distribution within an experimental humus mosaic in a mountain spruce forest     

Bernier  N.  Ponge  J.-F. 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1998,28(1):81-86

 An experiment was designed at a mountain site to study the distribution of adult Lumbricus terrestris in relation to a small-scale mosaic of humus forms representative of different stages of a spruce forest ecosystem. Good agreement was found between distribution in the mosaic and that in the field. ANOVA tests demonstrated the strong influence of humus form on earthworm abundance when comparing a vermimull (high earthworm burrowing activity) taken from a spruce regeneration site (61.8 individuals m^–2) with a leptomoder (no earthworm burrowing activity) taken from a 60-year-old spruce stand (6.2 individuals m^–2). Other humus forms were intermediate (mean density 34.6 individuals m^–2). The same pattern was found with individual biomass, but with lower significance. Main differences observed in the experimental design were attributed to the immediate carrying density of the humus forms. A distinction was made between humus profiles built up with or without spruce cover. In the latter case (regeneration site and bilberry heath), the immediate carrying capacity indicated by the experimental approach overestimated the field density by a factor of 4. Under spruce this overestimate was even higher (approximately 10 times too high in an adult spruce stand (160 years old) and 30 times too high under moss cover). The increase in density due to experimental conditions was not determined for leptomoder humus accumulated under the actively growing spruce stand (60 years old) since the earthworm density was near zero in both cases. Relationships between humus form and earthworm populations are discussed. Received: 9 June 1997  相似文献   

Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) abundance within the Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary,Scotland: recent trends and extrapolation to extinction          下载免费PDF全文

Nora Hanson  Dave Thompson  Callan Duck  John Baxter  Mike Lonergan 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(1):268-281

The Effects of Tank Color and Light Intensity on Growth,Survival, and Stress Tolerance of White Seabass,Atractoscion nobilis,larvae     

Dave Jirsa  Mark Drawbridge  Kevin Stuart 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(5):702-709

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