Interaction between salsolinol (SAL) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or dopamine (DA) on the secretion of prolactin in ruminants   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hashizume T  Shida R  Suzuki S  Kasuya E  Kuwayama H  Suzuki H  Oláh M  Nagy GM 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,34(3):327-332

We have recently demonstrated that salsolinol (SAL), a dopamine (DA)-derived compound, is present in the posterior pituitary gland and is able to stimulate the release of prolactin (PRL) in ruminants. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect that the interaction of SAL with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or DA has on the secretion of PRL in ruminants. A single intravenous (i.v.) injection of SAL (5mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), TRH (1microg/kg b.w.), and SAL plus TRH significantly stimulated the release of PRL in goats (P<0.05). The cumulative response curve (area under the curve: AUC) during 120min was 1.53 and 1.47 times greater after the injection of SAL plus TRH than either SAL or TRH alone, respectively (P<0.05). A single i.v. injection of sulpiride (a DA receptor antagonist, 0.1mg/kg b.w.), sulpiride plus SAL (5mg/kg b.w.), and sulpiride plus TRH (1microg/kg b.w.) significantly stimulated the release of PRL in goats (P<0.05). The AUC of PRL during 120min was 2.12 and 1.78 times greater after the injection of sulpiride plus TRH than either sulpiride alone or sulpiride plus SAL, respectively (P<0.05). In cultured bovine anterior pituitary (AP) cells, SAL (10(-6)M), TRH (10(-8)M), and SAL plus TRH significantly increased the release of PRL (P<0.05), but the additive effect of SAL and TRH detected in vivo was not observed in vitro. In contrast, DA (10(-6)M) inhibited the TRH-, as well as SAL-induced PRL release in vitro. All together, these results clearly show that SAL can stimulate the release of PRL in ruminants. Furthermore, they also demonstrate that the additive effect of SAL and TRH on the release of PRL detected in vivo may not be mediated at the level of the AP, but that DA can overcome their releasing activity both in vivo and in vitro, confirming the dominant role of DA in the inhibitory regulation of PRL secretion in ruminants.  相似文献   

Secretory pattern and regulatory mechanism of growth hormone in cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Etsuko Kasuya 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(2):178-182

The ultradian rhythm of growth hormone (GH) secretion has been known in several animal species for years and has recently been observed in cattle. Although the physiological significance of the rhythm is not yet fully understood, it appears essential for normal growth. In this review, previous studies concerning the GH secretory pattern in cattle, including its ultradian rhythm, are introduced and the regulatory mechanism is discussed on the basis of recent findings.  相似文献   

Malaria in cynomolgus monkeys used in toxicity studies in Japan     

Etsuko Ohta  Yuko Nagayama  Naoki Koyama  Dai Kakiuchi  Satoru Hosokawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2016,29(1):31-38

Plasmodium spp. protozoa cause malaria and are known to infect humans and a variety of animal species including macaque monkeys. Here we report both our experience with malaria recrudescence in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in a toxicity study and the results of a survey on Plasmodium infection in cynomolgus monkeys imported to Japan for laboratory use. A cynomolgus monkey from the toxicity study presented with severe anemia and Plasmodium protozoa in erythrocytes on a thin blood smear and was subsequently diagnosed with symptomatic malaria. In this animal, congestion and accumulation of hemozoin (malaria pigment) in macrophages were noted in the enlarged and darkly discolored spleen. As a follow-up for the experience, spleen sections from 800 cynomolgus monkeys in toxicity studies conducted between 2003 and 2013 were retrospectively examined for hemozoin deposition as a marker of Plasmodium infection. The origin of the animals included Cambodia, China, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Hemozoin deposition was confirmed in 44% of all examined monkeys. Monkeys from Indonesia showed the highest incidence of hemozoin deposition (approx. 80%). A high prevalence of Plasmodium infection in laboratory monkeys was also confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using Plasmodium genus-specific primers. Although Japan is not a country with endemic malaria, it is important to be aware of the prevalence and potential impact of background infection with Plasmodium spp. and recrudescence of symptomatic malaria in imported laboratory monkeys on pharmaceutical toxicity studies.  相似文献   

Basal body temperature method for detecting ovarian cycle in the Captive Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)     

Katsumata E  Furuta C  Katsumata H  Watanabe G  Taya K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2006,52(1):59-63

The relationship between basal body temperature and circulating progesterone levels were investigated in a female beluga. Body temperature and serum concentrations of progesterone were measured daily and at 2-4 week intervals respectively, in a female beluga that was in captivity for 7 years between 1996 and 2003. The beluga first ovulated in April, 2000 (13 years old). Thereafter, serum concentrations of progesterone showed cyclic changes, indicating that the ovulatory cycle had started. Serum concentrations of progesterone ranged from 0.1 ng/ml to 15.7 ng/ml. Body temperature also showed cyclic changes during the estrous cycle. Body temperature ranged from 34.9 to 35.9 C, and tended to reach the peak during the high progesterone phase. Mating behavior was observed during the low body temperature phase. The changes in body temperature positively correlated with the circulating progesterone levels. The length of the estrous cycle was 36.7 +/- 3.9 (mean +/- SEM) days based on the intervals between the days of mating behavior. This is the first report demonstrating that body temperature clearly changes during the estrous cycle in a captive female beluga. The present finding suggests that measurement of body temperature is a useful method for detecting the ovarian cycle of the beluga in captivity.  相似文献   

Analysis of eight capsaicinoids in peppers and pepper-containing foods by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kozukue N  Han JS  Kozukue E  Lee SJ  Kim JA  Lee KR  Levin CE  Friedman M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(23):9172-9181

Diverse procedures have been reported for the isolation and analysis of secondary metabolites called capsaicinoids, pungent compounds in the fruit of the Capsicum (Solanaceae) plant. To further improve the usefulness of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), studies were carried out on the analysis of extracts containing up to eight of the following capsaicinoids: capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin-I, homocapsaicin-II, homodihydrocapsaicin-I, homodihydrocapsaicin-II, nonivamide, and nordihydrocapsaicin. HPLC was optimized by defining effects on retention times of (a) the composition of the mobile phase (acetonitrile/0.5% formic acid in H2O), (b) the length of the Inertsil column, and (c) the capacity values (k) of the column packing. Identification was based on retention times and mass spectra of individual peaks. Quantification was based on the UV response at 280 nm in HPLC and recoveries from spiked samples. The method (limit of detection of approximately 15-30 ng) was successfully used to quantify capsaicinoid levels of parts of the pepper fruit (pericarp, placenta, seeds, and in the top, middle, and base parts of whole peppers) in 17 species of peppers and in 23 pepper-containing foods. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the method for the analysis of capsaicinoids ranging from approximately 0.5 to 3600 microg of capsaicin equiv/g of product. The water content of 12 fresh peppers ranged from 80.8 to 92.7%. The described freeze-drying, extraction, and analysis methods should be useful for assessing the distribution of capsaicinoids in the foods and in defining the roles of these biologically active compounds in the plant, the diet, and medicine.  相似文献   

ECG and heart rate determination in fetal cattle using a digital signal processing method     

Wenxi CHEN  Tetsu NEMOTO  Toshio KOBAYASHI  Toshiyuki SAITO  Etsuko KASUYA  Yoshifumi HONDA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):545-551

A method of recording the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate (HR) is described. An abdominal lead and a thoracic lead were used to measure the fetal ECG and maternal ECG, respectively. The maternal component in the abdominal lead measurement was estimated by a digital adaptive filter using the thoracic lead measurement as a reference. By suppressing the estimated maternal components in the abdominal lead, the fetal ECG could be detected. The beat‐by‐beat fetal QRS complex peaks were determined by a digital matched filter from the fetal ECG enhanced in this way. The method was trialed in 10 pregnant Holstein cows at gestational periods ranging from 136 to 224 days. The results show that this method can extract the fetal ECG and determine the fetal HR from the raw noisy measurement data. The results suggest that the method would have applicability in monitoring fetal ECG as well as providing a non‐invasive, continuous HR profile during gestation, which will enable better understanding of the development of cattle fetuses before delivery.  相似文献   

Plasma cortisol and prolactin secretion rhythms in cattle under varying external environments and management techniques     

Mizuna Ogino  Akihiro Matsuura  Atusi Yamazaki  Mami Irimajiri  Yoshihiro Suzuki  Shiro Kushibiki  Hroyuki Singu  Etsuko Kasuya  Yoshihisa Hasegawa  Koichi Hodate 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(1):58-68

The secretion rhythms of plasma cortisol (CORT) and prolactin (PRL), hormones related to stress responsiveness and biological rhythm and controlled by light and temperature, were investigated under varying external environments and different management techniques. Serial blood samples were collected from female cattle reared in free‐stall and freely fed (FF) conditions (n = 4) or in tie‐stall and restricted feeding (RF) conditions (hay and concentrate twice daily, n = 4). Plasma CORT and PRL concentrations, eating behavior, and environmental parameters were analyzed. Cyclic patterns for each parameter were examined using spectral analysis, and correlations between CORT, PRL and other parameters were investigated using cross‐spectral analysis. Under FF conditions, CORT secretion was not related to the lighting intensity and eating behavior. However, under RF conditions, the CORT secretion rhythm showed a distinct correlation with lighting intensity and eating behavior. Under FF conditions, the PRL secretion rhythm was similar in all seasons. However, under RF conditions, the PRL rhythm oscillated with high frequency in summer and low frequency in winter, indicating a seasonal change in rhythm. The present study demonstrates that hormone secretion rhythms change under different environments and management techniques.  相似文献   

Granulomatous Nephritis Consistent with Malakoplakia in a Cynomolgus Monkey     

Yoshikazu Taketa  Akira Inomata  Jiro Sonoda  Kazuhiro Hayakawa  Kyoko Nakano-Ito  Etsuko Ohta  Yuki Seki  Aya Goto  Satoru Hosokawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(4):419-422

Malakoplakia is a rare form of chronic granulomatous inflammation in mammals, and usually affects the urinary tract in humans. In this report, we present a case of granulomatous nephritis consistent with malakoplakia in a 4-year-old male cynomolgus monkey. Gross examination showed that the kidney was markedly enlarged and adhered to the surrounding organs. Histology showed that there was diffuse interstitial infiltration of histiocytes with abundant foamy eosinophilic cytoplasm resembling von Hansemann cells, PAS-positive granular cytoplasm and occasional PAS- and iron-positive intracellular small inclusion bodies. Electron microscopy showed that these histiocytes contained abundant lysosomes and phagolysosomes but no obvious Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of granulomatous nephritis consistent with early malakoplakia was made. This is the first report in a monkey of a renal lesion consistent with malakoplakia.  相似文献   

Effects of leptin on the release of luteinizing hormone, growth hormone and prolactin from cultured bovine anterior pituitary cells     

Sumie NONAKA  Tsutomu HASHIZUME  Etsuko KASUYA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(5):435-440

The effects of leptin on the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) were studied in cultured bovine anterior pituitary (AP) cells in vitro. The AP cells were obtained from fully‐fed Japanese Black steers and were incubated for 3 h with 10^?13 to 10^?7 mol/L of leptin after incubating in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium for 3 days. Leptin significantly increased the concentration of LH in the culture medium by 45 and 44% at doses of 10^?8 and 10^?7 mol/L, respectively, compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Leptin significantly increased the concentration of GH in the culture medium by 14 and 12% at doses of 10^?8 and 10^?7 mol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). Leptin also significantly increased the concentration of PRL in the culture medium by 26% compared with the controls at a dose of 10^?7 mol/L (P < 0.05). These results show that leptin stimulates the release of LH, GH and PRL by acting directly on bovine AP cells from fully‐fed steers.  相似文献   

Measurement of Carbonic Anhydrase Isozyme VI (CA-VI) in Bovine Sera,Saliva, Milk and Tissues     

Nishita T  Tanaka Y  Wada Y  Murakami M  Kasuya T  Ichihara N  Matsui K  Asari M 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(1):83-92

Concentrations of bovine carbonic anhydrase isozyme VI (CA-IV) in bovine serum, saliva, normal milk, colostrum, submandibular gland, liver, and mammary gland were determined. CA-VI was purified from bovine saliva and an antibody to CA-VI was generated. The concentrations of CA-VI in the saliva (7.8 ± 7.9 μg/ml), serum (2.1± 5.7 ng/ml), milk (7.9 ± 12.1 ng/ml), submandibular gland (284.7 μg/g protein), liver (921.0 ± 180.7 ng/g protein) and mammary gland (399.6 ± 191.2 ng/g protein) were determined by ELISA. No seasonal change in CA-VI levels was observed in normal milk. The concentration of CA-VI in colostrum (day 1 post partum) was 119 ng/ml and decreased rapidly by 1 month following birth. Mammary gland contained much smaller amounts than the submandibular gland. CA-VI mRNA was detected in the liver and mammary gland of cow by RT-PCR. The ELISA used in this study proved to be a precise and sensitive method for determining CA-VI concentrations in saliva, serum, milk and tissue specimens from cows. The ELISA may enable the study of changes in CA-VI associated with hereditary or metabolic disorders of the salivary gland, mammary gland and liver using small samples of saliva, serum or milk.  相似文献