Studies on the thermal properties and structures of deoxyhalocelluloses     

Natsuki Kasuya  Takashi Suzuki  Atsushi Sawatari 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(2):161-163

The thermal properties and structures of deoxyhalocelluloses were studied using thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses and an X-ray diffraction method. The X-ray diffraction curves of the cellulose derivatives were obtained after subjecting them to a specific treatment that was supposed to render a specific cellulose allomorph from the amorphous state cellulose; all of the cellulose derivatives examined without such treatment exhibited no crystalline features. Only deoxyfluorocellulose was found to give a diffraction pattern similar to that of the corresponding cellulose allomorph, which was cellulose IV in this case. On the basis of the thermal analyses, it was confirmed that chlorodeoxycellulose has a flameretardant property, whereas deoxyfluorocellulose was found not to be flame-retardant. The difference is supposedly due to the difference in the bonding energy between C-Cl and C-F.  相似文献   

Pacific Ocean and Japan Sea ecotypes of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) differ in photosystem responses to continuous high light     

Yamazaki JY  Yoda E  Takahashi A  Sonoike K  Maruta E 《Tree physiology》2007,27(7):961-968

Two ecotypes of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume), the Pacific Ocean type (PAO) and the Japan Sea type (JAS), show different responses to high solar irradiance. When PAO and JAS saplings were grown in continuous high-light (H), leaves of JAS became pale green. To elucidate this phenomenon, we investigated in vivo photochemistry based on pigment concentrations of Photosystem (PS) I and PS II and Western blot analysis. In JAS-H leaves, the amount of D1-protein decreased, resulting in decreases in the maximal quantum yield of PS II (F(v)/F(m)) and electron transport rate, whereas PAO-H leaves maintained high activities. The PS I photochemistry determined by measurement of P-700 photo-oxidation showed that the intersystem electron pool size was 1.4 times greater in JAS-H leaves than in PAO-H leaves. Furthermore, the re-reduction kinetics of P-700(+) showed that cyclic electron transport around PS I was 1.2 times faster in PAO-H leaves than in JAS-H leaves. Analysis of the area over the fluorescence induction kinetics indicated that the relative abundance of the PS IIalpha center increased in PAO-H leaves, whereas JAS leaves were observed to have low acclimation capacity to high light. These results demonstrate that PAO leaves possess acclimation mechanisms to continuous high light, whereas JAS leaves are more vulnerable to continuous high light, resulting in reduced leaf longevity owing to photoinhibition caused by increases in the intersystem electron pool size and suppression of photochemistry at the level of PS I and PS II.  相似文献   

Mitral valve repair under cardiopulmonary bypass in small-breed dogs: 48 cases (2006-2009)     

Uechi M  Mizukoshi T  Mizuno T  Mizuno M  Harada K  Ebisawa T  Takeuchi J  Sawada T  Uchida S  Shinoda A  Kasuya A  Endo M  Nishida M  Kono S  Fujiwara M  Nakamura T 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(10):1194-1201

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Pole and global shape of 25143 Itokawa     

Demura H  Kobayashi S  Nemoto E  Matsumoto N  Furuya M  Yukishita A  Muranaka N  Morita H  Shirakawa K  Maruya M  Ohyama H  Uo M  Kubota T  Hashimoto T  Kawaguchi J  Fujiwara A  Saito J  Sasaki S  Miyamoto H  Hirata N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5778):1347-1349

The locations of the pole and rotation axis of asteroid 25143 Itokawa were derived from Asteroid Multiband Imaging Camera data on the Hayabusa spacecraft. The retrograde pole orientation had a right ascension of 90.53 degrees and a declination of -66.30 degrees (52000 equinox) or equivalently 128.5 degrees and -89.66 degrees in ecliptic coordinates with a 3.9 degrees margin of error. The surface area is 0.393 square kilometers, the volume is 0.018378 cubic kilometers with a 5% margin of error, and the three axis lengths are 535 meters by 294 meters by 209 meters. The global Itokawa revealed a boomerang-shaped appearance composed of two distinct parts with partly faceted regions and a constricted ring structure.  相似文献   

Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from raw fish in relation to culture methods     

Saito E  Yoshida N  Kawano J  Shimizu A  Igimi S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):287-292

Five hundred and fifty fish samples from various stages in the course of distribution in Hyogo Prefecture (209 retailed in super markets, 173 obtained from fishery cooperatives at a harbor, 91 caught by trawling and 77 caught by rod fishing) were examined for contamination with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). S. aureus was detected in 41 (19.6%) of the retail fish samples and 46 (26.6%) of the samples from the fishery cooperatives. No S. aureus was isolated from the live fish (91 trawled and 77 fished by rod). With regard to the retail fish, the contamination rate of processed fish (26.0%) was significantly higher than that of unprocessed fish (14.2%). For 88 samples, the efficacy of the selective medium was compared using Baird-Parker agar and mannitol salt agar supplemented with egg yolk (MSEY agar) by the direct plate and enrichment culture methods. Using the direct culture method, the S. aureus positive rate with the Baird-Parker agar (30.7%) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that with the MSEY agar (6.8%). The enrichment culture method remarkably raised the S. aureus detection rate. Seventy-eight (85.7%) of 91 isolates belonged to the human ecovar. Sixty-two (68.1%) of the 91 isolates had some enterotoxin genes, including 44 (48.4%) with the sea gene. These data showed that the fish were contaminated with S. aureus after landing and that Baird-Parker agar had an advantage in detecting S. aureus with a direct plate culture.  相似文献   

Effects of intravenous tryptophan infusion on thermoregulation in steers exposed to acute heat stress          下载免费PDF全文

Madoka Sutoh  Etsuko Kasuya  Ken‐ichi Yayou 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(5):777-783

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tryptophan (TRP) supply on the thermoregulatory responses via brain serotonin (5‐HT) in cattle. In period 1, 12 Holstein steers were kept under a constant room temperature (22°C) and were administered the intravenous (i.v.) infusion of saline or TRP (38.5 mg/kg/2 h). Changes in rectal temperature (RT), 5‐HT concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and other factors involved in thermoregulation were measured. In period 2, the steers received the same treatments as in period 1; however, the room temperature was elevated from 22°C to 33°C during i.v. infusion and maintained at 33°C for 3 h. 5‐HT concentration in CSF increased following TRP infusion in both periods, and RT significantly decreased following TRP infusion only in period 2. The effect of TRP on respiration rate and plasma prolactin and total triiodothyronine concentrations was not significant. These results suggest that increase in TRP supply can attenuate increase in RT in response to acute heat stress through the increase in brain 5‐HT, followed by presumable increase in evaporative heat loss from the skin surface in cattle. It is possible that the increase in peripheral blood TRP metabolites could also participate in the hypothermic effect of TRP.  相似文献   

Intravenous tryptophan administration attenuates cortisol secretion induced by intracerebroventricular injection of noradrenaline          下载免费PDF全文

Madoka Sutoh  Etsuko Kasuya  Ken‐ichi Yayou  Fumihiro Ohtani  Yosuke Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(2):266-270

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of suppression of stress‐induced cortisol (CORT) secretion by tryptophan (TRP) administration and to better understand its regulatory mechanisms by using a noradrenaline (NA) injection into the third ventricle (3V) as a stress model in cattle. A total of 25 Holstein steers with a cannula in the 3V were used. First, the increase in CORT secretion was observed following a NA injection into the 3V in a dose‐dependent manner, verifying the appropriateness of this treatment as a stress model of CORT secretion (Experiment 1). The effect of prior‐administration of TRP into peripheral blood with a dose that has been demonstrated to increase brain 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels on the elevation of plasma CORT induced by NA or corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) was then examined (Experiment 2). The prior administration of TRP suppressed NA‐induced, but not CRH‐induced, CORT elevation. These results suggest that an increase in TRP absorption into peripheral blood could suppress the stress‐induced CORT secretion in cattle via the attenuation of the stimulatory effect of NA on the hypothalamic CRH release.  相似文献   

Isolation of phenylisoserine methyl ester from the leaves of Taxus cuspidata var. nana     

Sanro Tachibana  Etsuko Watanabe  Junichiro Ueno  Kiyoka Tokubuchi  Kazutaka Itoh 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(2):176-180

From methanolic extracts of leaves of kyaraboku, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, phenylisoserine methyl ester (3) was isolated along with taxinine (1), taxol (2), sciadopitysin (4), ginkgetin (5), isorhamnetin (6), and quercetin (7). This is the first time that phenylisoserine methyl ester has been isolated from T. cuspidata var. nana. Compound 3 was also isolated from the ethanolic extracts of leaves of T. cuspidata var. nana. Furthermore, compound 3 was identified in methanolic extracts from the bark of this tree.  相似文献   

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor has no adverse effects on atherosclerotic lesions in high cholesterol-fed miniature Swine     

Takai H  Miyoshi A  Yamazaki M  Adachi K  Katagiri K  Arakawa H  Katsuyama K  Ito T  Fujii E  Hayashi S  Kato A  Suzuki M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(9):943-950

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely used to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells, and expected to restore cardiac function for patients with coronary artery diseases as a consequence of progression of atherosclerosis. Safety issues related to the administration of G-CSF to these patients, however, are still under study. The animal model for atherosclerosis was produced by feeding miniature swine a high-cholesterol diet for 3 months. G-CSF (5 or 10 microg/kg/day) was given to the animal model by daily subcutaneous injections for 10 days and 20 main arteries were evaluated pathologically. In addition, the general toxicological effects were studied on clinical signs, body weight, hematology, blood chemistry and pathology. In the G-CSF-treated groups, a variety of changes related to the major pharmacological activity of G-CSF including an increase in white blood cell (WBC) counts were observed. In many arteries, atherosclerotic lesions similar to Type I-V of the proposed classification by the American Heart Association were observed. No effects of the G-CSF treatment were seen on the histopathological findings, incidence, severity or distribution of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, no infiltration of neutrophils to the lesions was observed. These findings suggest that the administration of G-CSF causes neither exacerbation or modification of atherosclerotic lesions nor adverse changes despite that a sufficient increase in WBC counts could be achieved in the peripheral blood.  相似文献   

Promotion of initial swim bladder inflation and effect of initial inflation failure on skeletal malformation in cultured seven‐band grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus (Thunberg)          下载免费PDF全文

Masaharu Tsuji  Susumu Uji  Yasushi Tsuchihashi  Kazuhiro Okada  Takeshi Kawamura  Takashi Katoh  Tohru Kasuya  Takuo Nigo  Atsushi Hamabe  Atsushi Miyamoto  Sahoko Nakamura  Akiko Nakano  Yoshifumi Sawada 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(6):1954-1971

The effects of the removal of the oily surface film on initial swim bladder inflation and survival in cultured seven‐band grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus were investigated during the larval stage. Additionally, the relationship between swim bladder inflation failure and malformations in later stages was examined. To explore promotion conditions for inflation, duplicate experiments were conducted under three different water surface conditions: removal of the oily surface film (ROF group), covering the water surface with an oil film (COF group), and sealing the water surface with liquid paraffin (SLP group). Larval swim bladder inflation was first observed 14 days after hatching (DAH) in the ROF group; thereafter, swim bladder inflation rates increased to 11.1% and 38.7% until the end of the experiments. This indicates that initial swim bladder inflation occurs at the pre‐flexion stage in larval development. Conversely, bladder inflation was rarely observed in the COF or SLP groups, indicating the promotional effect of surface film removal on larval swim bladder inflation and suggesting that gulping atmospheric air is necessary for initial inflation. Although larval water surface death occurred frequently in the ROF group, no significant difference existed in any group between the survival rates at 10 DAH and at the end of the experiment. The incidence rate of spinal curvature and deformation of the centra was significantly higher in individuals without initial swim bladder inflation, and these malformations mainly occurred in the caudal vertebra. Therefore, the removal of the oily surface film promotes initial swim bladder inflation and reduces larval malformations.  相似文献