常春藤无土栽培试验     

王文斗  那冬晨  赵浩华 《北方园艺》2009,(12)

通过分析比较无土栽培多种基质的结构及理化性质,选择蛭石作为常春藤的无土栽培介质.在参考国内外众多营养液配方的基础上,霍格兰营养液和观叶花卉专用营养液均含有常春藤生长所需的成分,为植株生长提供了合适、均衡的营养条件.自制了一种成本低廉,配制简便的营养液,与2种通用营养液一起进行了对比试验.结果表明:利用自制营养液进行常春藤无土栽培不仅成本低,易操作,且成活率高,生长状况良好等优点,是较好的无土栽培营养液.  相似文献   

防治马铃薯枯萎病药效试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

纳添仓 《长江蔬菜》2009,(20)

通过用30%病虫净3号、64%杀毒矾、25%甲霜灵、50%乙膦铝锰锌、72%杜邦克露和50%代森锰锌6种药剂对马铃薯枯萎病进行防效试验.试验结果表明,30%病虫净3号对马铃薯枯萎病的防效优于其他常规药剂,药后15 d防效达71.95%,其次是72%杜邦克露和25%甲霜灵,防效分别达71.22%和61.59%,防效最差的是64%杀毒矾,仅为47.18%.  相似文献   

Variability in the composition of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) meals influences their digestible nutrient and energy value when fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Brett Glencross  Wayne Hawkins  David Evans  Neil Rutherford  Peter McCafferty  Ken Dods  Max Karopoulos  Chris Veitch  Sofie Sipsas  Bevan Buirchell   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,277(3-4):220-230

Over a series of seven separate experiments 76 different lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) meals were assessed for their digestible dry matter, protein, amino acid and energy characteristics when fed to rainbow trout. Two reference diets (a common basal diet and a reference lupin meal) were also included in each experiment. Minimal variance in the digestibility parameters of both reference diets was observed among the experiments ensuring that there was a high degree of robustness in the across-experiment evaluations. Using simple and multiple-regression techniques, principal diet and ingredient composition factors affecting diet and ingredient digestibilities and ingredient digestible values were explored within the dataset. Using simple linear regression, it was shown that nitrogen digestibility of the lupin meals was negatively influenced by ingredient lignin content, but positively affected ingredient protein (N × 6.25) content. The energy digestibility of the lupin meals was positively affected by a range of compositional features including protein, sum of amino acids and negatively affected by carbohydrate content. The digestible nutrient and energy content of the meals reflected the combined effects of both ingredient digestibilities and ingredient composition. The digestible nitrogen content of the lupin meals was positively affected by protein (N × 6.25), sum of amino acids and energy content, but was negatively affected by lignin and carbohydrate content. The digestible sum of amino acids was also positively affected by protein, sum of amino acids, but only negatively affected by carbohydrate content, not lignin content. The digestible energy content of the lupin meals was also positively affected by protein, sum of amino acids and their own energy density, but only negatively affected by carbohydrate content. Multiple linear regression modelling supported that together ingredient protein and lignin content were the strongest predictors of digestible protein value, explaining close to 60% of the variability in this parameter. Discrete reassessment of these relationships using non-linear analysis methods provided a stronger interpretation of the ingredient composition effects. In recognition of this, a functional model including terms for ingredient protein and lignin content on the digestible protein value was defined. This study demonstrates that within one raw material type that not only does significant variability in the digestible value of the raw materials exist, but that it is possible to identify compositional features of that raw material that are intrinsically influencing their own digestible value.  相似文献   

Family by environment interactions in shell size of 43-day old silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima), five families reared under different nursery conditions     

Renate Kvingedal  Brad S. Evans  Joseph J.U. Taylor  Jens Knauer  Dean R. Jerry 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):23-28

To understand the influence the environment and associated genotype by environment interactions will exert on future silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) selective breeding programs, this study assessed the relative performance in four shell growth traits of spat from five full-sib families, when spat were communally reared at different salinities (29, 34 and 40 ppt), food availability (high, medium and low), food quality (high, medium and low), and in a hatchery vs. ocean environment for 43 days.Rearing environment was found to influence growth expression, with significant differences evident when oysters were grown at different salinities in the ocean instead of hatchery, or when fed algae of differing nutritional quality. As indicated by MANOVA, family comparative growth performances were also altered when the environment changed, with significant environment by family interactions apparent in the food quality, food availability and hatchery vs. ocean rearing treatments. Changes in salinity, however, did not affect relevant family performances.These results indicate that growth and relative family performance in P. maxima may change dependent on local environmental conditions and that genotype by environment effects may need to be considered in breeding programs for this species.  相似文献   

新疆博州甜菜滴灌综合试验     

高谊  再依拉  那木苏 《中国糖料》2013,(4)

为探索适于滴灌的甜菜种植密度及节水灌溉技术,2011年进行了淹灌与滴灌以及滴灌条件不同密度处理对甜菜产量、含糖率及根腐病发病率的影响试验.结果表明,滴灌比淹灌甜菜根腐病发病率低2.3％～2.7％,节水46.9％～64.0％,甜菜整个生育期可节水5567.5m3/hm2,根产量、含糖率都有所提高;滴灌甜菜较适宜密度为8.25～9.75万株/hm2.  相似文献   

发酵与焙烤对可可豆香气影响的GC-MS分析     

易桥宾  谷风林  房一明  徐飞  那治国  赵友兴 《热带作物学报》2015,36(10):1889-1902

采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和气-质联用仪（GC-MS）分析未发酵豆、发酵豆和焙烤豆的香气成分,并采用主成分分析法对可可豆香气的影响进行分析。结果表明：未发酵豆、发酵豆和焙烤豆香气差异明显。从未发酵豆和发酵豆中分别鉴定出30和62种挥发性成分,主要为醇类、酮类、烯烃类和醛类,发酵后可可豆香气物质增多。在105、125、145 ℃下焙烤的未发酵豆和发酵豆分别鉴定出47、59、84和71、68、83种,主要为醇类、酯类、醛类、烯烃和吡嗪类,低温焙烤和高温焙烤的可可豆香气差异明显;酮类集中于未发酵低温焙烤区,酸类、酯类和醇类偏向于发酵低温焙烤区,呋喃类和吡嗪类等杂环类化合物指向高温焙烤区。这些香气成分的差异,形成不同处理可可豆之间的风味差异,可可豆香气成分的主成分分析可以作为可可豆不同处理潜在的评价方法。  相似文献   

孕穗期冷水胁迫对寒地水稻干物质生产的影响     

王士强  赵海红  萧长亮  赵黎明  顾春梅  那永光  解保胜  程式华 《中国水稻科学》2016,30(3):313-322

以黑龙江省30份主栽水稻品种或品系为试材,在孕穗期设置17℃冷水灌溉处理(20d),以常规栽培管理为对照,分析冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响。结果表明,冷水胁迫导致所有试材每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量下降,并根据相对结实率将试材耐冷性分为1、3、5、7和9级,以7和9级最多,1级最少,分别占总材料的30%和10%。在冷水处理下,全部材料抽穗期至成熟期干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比、收获指数、叶面积指数、剑叶叶基角、剑叶和倒2叶与倒3叶披垂度均下降,但高效叶面积率增加。相关分析表明,冷水处理的相对结实率与收获指数(r=0.96**)、产量(r=0.91**)、粒叶比(r=0.84**)和干物质积累量(r=0.48**)的冷水反应指数(CRI)呈极显著正相关,与群体生长率(r=0.44*)、净同化率(r=0.44*)和干物质积累比例(r=0.43*)的CRI显著正相关。综上,孕穗期冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响在品种间存在很大差异,在冷水胁迫下耐冷性极强品种(系)干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比和收获指数对冷水反应迟钝,这是耐冷性极强品种(系)保持较高产量的重要形态特征和生理原因。  相似文献   

马铃薯高产施肥措施研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

张永成  纳添仓  阮建平  孙海林  田丰  刚存武  李瑜珍  康永堂 《中国马铃薯》2001,15(5):274-277

试验采用 311改良饱和D设计方法 ,对青海省新育成的青薯 2号 (32 8)品种进行了氮、磷、钾三大要素的施肥水平研究。其结果表明 :三种化肥对产量影响的大小程度依次排序为N >K >P。经计算机模拟寻优 ,获得了施肥的高产数学模型和最佳农艺措施组合方案。 6 6 7m2 产量高于2 6 0 0kg的最优方案有 18套 ,最佳农艺措施是 :氮肥用量为 2 8 97～ 2 9 15kg ,钾肥用量为 16 5 4～17 11kg ,磷肥用量为 5 34～ 5 88kg。  相似文献   

再植枸杞根际真菌群落对长期连作的响应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马少兰  马彩霞  徐鹏鑫  郑国琦  纳小凡 《土壤学报》2019,56(6):1493-1503

受枸杞自身种植特点和道地产区土地资源限制,连作障碍已成为制约宁夏枸杞产业可持续发展的主要因素之一,导致严重的经济损失和生态问题。前期研究表明,连作能够显著影响再植枸杞根际土壤细菌的群落结构和多样性,但就连作对真菌群落结构和功能的影响目前仍不清楚。本文利用实时荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术,研究连作对再植枸杞根际真菌群落丰度及多样性的影响。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,与对照样地相比,连作显著促进再植枸杞根际及非根际土壤中细菌和真菌的丰度。但连作对真菌的促进作用明显高于细菌,导致细菌/真菌比例失衡,使再植枸杞根际及非根际土壤微生物环境偏向于真菌型。对测序结果的分析发现,所测定样地中枸杞根际及非根际土壤中的优势真菌门分别为子囊菌门、担子菌门、接合菌门、壶菌门及球囊菌门,其中连作地再植枸杞根际子囊菌门的相对丰度较对照样地显著降低,而接合菌门的相对丰度则显著增加(P0.05)。FUNGuild真菌功能预测也证实连作显著抑制再植枸杞根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌的相对丰度(P0.05)。基于距离的冗余分析(db-RDA)结果表明,土壤pH、电导率、硝态氮和有效磷含量是影响枸杞根际土壤真菌群落变化的主要因子(P0.05),而土壤硝态氮和有效磷含量则是解释非根际土壤真菌群落变化的主要因子(P0.05)。这些结果说明长期施用化肥可能是改变连作地再植枸杞根际土壤真菌群落结构及枸杞-真菌互作关系的主要因素之一。这一研究结果为理解枸杞连作障碍的形成机制提供理论基础。  相似文献   

乡土野花组合在农业景观中的应用     

胡文浩  那书豪  李学东  李想  宇振荣  王文静  段美春 《中国生态农业学报》2019,27(12):1846-1856

乡土野花组合是筛选以乡土野花为主体的,并通过混合播种建立群落的一种景观植被建植模式,是欧美国家近年来较为流行的一种农业景观恢复与建设的技术措施。已有的研究发现乡土野花组合能够改善景观结构与生境质量,吸引传粉生物和自然天敌,从而起到增强农业景观的传粉及害虫控制功能,并改善农作物品质、提高农作物产量;与此同时,乡土野花组合也具有较好的文化功能。乡土野花组合的设计对建植效果具有重要作用,其物种筛选、配比、播种方式及布局是设计中需要主要解决的问题。本文在总结欧美国家乡土野花组合设计模式与生态监测结果的基础上,提出乡土野花组合物种筛选的3原则：乡土性、功能多样性与包含特定关键物种;并对其生长周期、物种数、播量、播种面积与空间布局等技术细节进行了讨论,以促进乡土野花组合的本土化、区域化发展。欧美国家提出了一系列推动产业发展及农户补贴的有关政策,其中美国主要以推动基础研究与产业发展政策为主,注重限制植物材料本土化;欧洲国家通过多项立法及农业环境管护政策为农户提供多样化的生态补贴,以促进农户充分参与乡土野花组合栽植过程。在我国,尚缺乏成熟的乡土野花组合应用案例。中国的乡土野花组合需充分发掘种质资源并进行生态、栽培与景观特性评估,以实现本土化的乡土野花组合。本文最后提出,通过多学科合作实现乡土野花组合的设计与推广,政府、产业、科研机构与农民共同参与乡土野花组合的设计过程,并提出市场化的生态补贴政策,以推动乡土野花组合在我国农业景观的应用,为改善我国农业生态环境做出应有贡献。  相似文献