Welfare Issues in Farm Animal Ophthalmology     

David L. Williams  MA  VetMB  PhD  CertVOphthal  CertWEL  FRCVS 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2010

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LUNG LOBE COLLAPSE     

Peter F.  Lord  BVSc  FRCVS  Juan A.  Gomez  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1985,26(6):187-195

The radiographic changes caused by collapse of lung lobes in pulmonary disease, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion depend on the lobar recoiling force and local pleural pressure. Differences in the tendency of normal lung lobes or regions to collapse depend on the relative surface-to-volume ratio, determined by shape and size of the region or lobe. This ratio affects the physiologic parameters of pulmonary interdependence, compliance, and collateral air flow. Pulmonary surfactant increases compliance, particularly at low volumes, maintains alveolar stability, and assists in maintaining capillary patency and preventing pulmonary edema. Its loss due to lung injury increases collapsing forces. In the presence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion, diseases that cause lobar collapse produce localized air or fluid entrapment that is a diagnostic sign of the presence of the underlying pulmonary disease.  相似文献   

The efficacy of systemically administered anti-arthritic drugs in an induced equine carpitis model     

Gary W. White DVM  E. Wynn Jones FRCVS  PhD  Trent Stites DVM  Jack Hamm PhD  Robert Walls PhD  Terry Sanders 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1996,16(4):139-145

The efficacy of two systemically administered drugs for the treatment of equine joint injuries was assessed in a randomized blinded trial using the chemically induced equine carpitis model previously used to determine the dose and efficacy of both products. After a 10-day acclimation period, carpitis was induced by intracarpal injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in twenty mature horses free of clinical and radiographic evidence of synovitis or DJD. Five days after model induction, the horses were stratified based on lameness evaluation and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 10 horses each.Parameters evaluated included lameness score, maximum range of carpal flexion, carpal circumference, stride length, and synovial fluid protein. These parameters were measured prior to model induction, 5 days after model induction (immediately prior to initial treatment) and once weekly for 6 weeks. Radiographs of the carpus were taken prior to model induction and 6 weeks. after treatment began. Treatment began 5 days after model induction. One group of 10 horses received 40 mg sodium hyaluronate by intravenous injection weekly for 3 weeks and the other group of 10 horses received intramuscular injections of 500 mg PSGAG every 4 days for 7 treatments.Both treatment groups showed significant improvement from pretreatment baseline values (based upon percent recovery to normal pre-model induction values) for lameness score, stride length and maximum carpal flexion (p<0.05) at each post treatment evaluation. The PSGAG treated group had significant improvement in synovial fluid protein at post treatment weeks 2 and 3. The improvement (percent recovery) in the PSGAG treated group was significantly (p<0.05) better than that of the intravenous sodium hyaluronate treated group for stride and flexion at post treatment weeks 1 through 6, for lameness score at post treatment weeks 1 through 3 and for carpal circumference at post treatment week 4.Both intravenous sodium hyaluronate and intramuscular PSGAG induced significant improvement in clinical lameness parameters; intramuscular PSGAG yielded consistently better results in this experimental model.  相似文献   

Equine neurologic disease     

Dr Neil M. Williams DVM  PhD  Dipl. ACVP  Dr George Allen PhD  Dr David Powell FRCVS   《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2003,23(10):431-433

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Canine Laryngeal Surgery: Time to Rethink?     

Richard A. White BVetMed  PhD  DSAS  DVR  FRCVS  Diplomate  ACVS & ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(4):432-433

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ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX OF THE NORMAL DOG   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jonathan P.  BrayMVSc  CERTSAS  MACVSc  MRCVS  Vicky J.  LipscombeBA  VETMB  MRCVS  Richard A.S.  WhiteBVETMED  PHD  DSAS  DVR  FRCVS  Heike  RudorfDR.MED.VET.  DVR  MRCVS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1998,39(6):566-571

Real-time ultrasonographic examination of the canine larynx was performed in 12 normal dogs using a 7.5-mHz mechanical sector scanner combined with a stand-off. A variety of breeds and ages were examined. All examinations were performed in nonsedated, conscious animals. Transverse scans were found to provide the most reliable and interpretable images. Identification of laryngeal structures included the epiglottis, laryngeal and cricoid cartilages, and the vocal cords. In conscious animals, abduction and adduction of the vocal cords associated with respiration could be identified if the animal was made to pant during the examination. Movement of the vocal cords could also be quantified by pulse-wave Doppler recording. In all animals, recordings were made during inspiration only, with muscular vibration at a rate less than 0.1 m/s.  相似文献   

Intracapsular Prostatic Omentalization: A New Technique for Management of Prostatic Abscesses in Dogs     

RICHARD A. S. WHITE BVetMed  PhD  DVR  FRCVS  Diplomate ACVS  Diplomate ECVS  JOHN M. WILLIAMS MA  VetMB  FRCVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(5):390-395

Twenty dogs with abscessation of the prostate gland were treated by celiotomy, drainage, and digital exploration of the gland through bilateral capsulectomy wounds. Omentum was introduced through the capsulectomy wounds and packed into the abscess cavities around the prostatic urethra. Most dogs were discharged from the hospital within 48 hours of the surgery. Long-term resolution of the problem (no recurrence within 12 months) was achieved in 19 dogs. One dog had recurrent abscessation that was managed by the placement of dependant Penrose drains. Temporary tube cystostomy was performed postoperatively in one dog for the management of transient dysuria. One dog with septic peritonitis resulting from preoperative abscess rupture was managed by concurrent open peritoneal drainage. Intracapsular prostatic omentalization was a simple and effective means of managing prostatic abscessation with minimal requirement for postoperative hospitalization of the patient. The frequency of serious complications, including postoperative urinary incontinence, was low.  相似文献   

Comparison of Synovial Fluid in Middle Carpal Joints Undergoing Needle Aspiration, Infusion with Saline, and Infusion with a Combination of N-Acetyl-d-Glucosamine, Hyaluronic Acid, and Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate     

Christopher E. Kawcak DVM  PhD  Dipl ACVS  C. Wayne McIlwraith BVSc  PhD  DSc  FRCVS  Dipl ACVS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(4):155-159

Synovial fluid white blood cell (WBC) count and total protein (TP) concentration were evaluated in the midcarpal joints of horses to not only determine the effects of needle aspiration, infusion with saline, and infusion with a combination of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, hyaluronan, and sodium chondroitin sulfate (GHCS) at two different doses to evaluate the latter for safety, but to also provide information on saline injection as a control in joints. The midcarpal joints from 24 horses were used for this study. One midcarpal joint served as an untreated control, in which only synovial fluid was aspirated, whereas the opposite joint received either 2.5 mL isotonic saline (n = 8 horses), 2.5 mL of GHCS (n = 8 horses), or 7.5 mL of GHCS (n = 8 horses). Synovial fluid WBC and TP concentration were measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21. Needle aspiration caused a transient increase in synovial fluid WBC and TP levels after 1 day. Instillation of fluid (2.5 mL), whether saline or GHCS, caused significantly higher WBC and TP concentrations. GHCS at a dose of 7.5 mL created an elevation in TP level for an additional 48 hours; however, after 48 hours, WBC and TP were at concentrations that were not statistically different from controls. Even though an increase in WBC and TP concentrations occurred because of intra-articular saline and GHCS administration, these results were transient demonstrating that GHCS is no different than saline on synovial fluid, WBC, and TP parameters and that as previously described short-term elevation in synovial fluid inflammatory parameters should be expected when saline is used as a control.  相似文献   

The Effects of Atropine and Glycopyrrolate on Heart Rates in Conscious Mature Goats     

LUISITO S. PABLO DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVA    ALISTAIR I. WEBB BVSC  PhD  FRCVS  Diplomate ACVA  WALTER T. McNICHOLAS JR  DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(6):531-534

The effects of intravenously administered atropine (0.2 mg/kg) and glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg) on heart rate were studied in 10 conscious mature goats. In a drug cross-over fashion, either atropine, glycopyrrolate, or 0.9% saline solution was administered using the same volume (0.05 mL/kg). Atropine and glycopyrrolate caused a significant increase in heart rate ( P <.05), whereas saline solution (0.09%) did not. The mean percent changes in heart rate from baseline were similar for atropine and glycopyrrolate up to 14 minutes after administration. Thereafter, glycopyrrolate had a significantly greater mean change in heart rate than atropine, ie, up to 29 minutes ( P <.05). Within the atropine group, the mean percentage changes in heart rate became significantly lower compared with the initial increase (1 minute) starting at 11 minutes. For the glycopyrrolate group, the mean percent changes became significantly lower starting at 27 minutes. Glycopyrrolate and atropine had a mean percentage change in heart rate of greater than 1.0%, up to 31 and 22 minutes, respectively. At the doses used, glycopyrrolate had longer duration of action than atropine but the magnitude of increase was similar.  相似文献   

Surgical Correction of Congenital Bilateral Choanal Atresia in a Foal     

ROBERT L. GORING DVM    MARTHA CAMPBELL DVM  CHRISTOPHER J. HILLIDGE BVetMed  BSc  PhD  FRCVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1984,13(4):211-216

Congenital bilateral choanal atresia was corrected surgically in a neonatal foal. Presenting clinical signs included complete obstruction of the upper airway, which had been relieved by tracheotomy. The diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopic examination and contrast radiography. Bilateral nasal flaps were used to gain access to the caudal nasal cavity, allowing removal of obstructive tissue and restoration of normal respiration. Malocclusion developed secondary to surgical intervention and resultant damage to suture lines of developing flat bones of the skull. Nine months postoperatively, the asynchronous growth of the mandible and maxilla had not resulted in difficulty during mastication. Respiration, although audible during periods of exercise, was acceptable to the owners.  相似文献