Diagnostic and typing options for investigating diseases associated with Pasteurella multocida   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Dziva F  Muhairwa AP  Bisgaard M  Christensen H 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,128(1-2):1-22

Pasteurella multocida is responsible for major animal diseases of economic significance in both developed and developing countries whereas human infections related to this bacterium are infrequent. Significantly, development of a carrier status or latent infections plays a critical role in the epidemiology of these diseases. Aiming at increased knowledge of these infections, we examine potential diagnostic and selected typing systems for investigating diseases caused by P. multocida. Detection of P. multocida from clinical specimen by; (i) isolation and identification, (ii) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), iii) specific hybridisation probes, (iv) serological tests and (v) other alternative methods is critically evaluated. These detection systems provide a wide spectrum of options for rapid diagnosis and for detecting and understanding of latent infections in herd/flock health control programmes, though PCR methods for detecting P. multocida in clinical specimen appear increasingly preferred. For establishing the clonality of outbreak strains, we select to discuss macromolecular profiling, serotyping, biotyping, restriction enzyme analysis, ribotyping and multiplex PCR typing. Although P. multocida infections can be rapidly diagnosed with molecular and serological tests, isolation and accurate species identification are central to epidemiological tracing of outbreak strains. Our review brings together comprehensive and essential information that may be adapted for confirming diagnosis and determining the molecular epidemiology of diseases associated with P. multocida.  相似文献   

Porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines as a new in vitro model for studying adherence and pathogenesis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli     

Koh SY  George S  Brözel V  Moxley R  Francis D  Kaushik RS 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,130(1-2):191-197

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections result in large economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The organism causes diarrhea by adhering to and colonizing enterocytes in the small intestines. While much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ETEC, no homologous intestinal epithelial cultures suitable for studying porcine ETEC pathogenesis have been described prior to this report. In the current study, we investigated the adherence of various porcine ETEC strains to two porcine (IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2) and one human (INT-407) small intestinal epithelial cell lines. Each cell line was assessed for its ability to support the adherence of E. coli expressing fimbrial adhesins K88ab, K88ac, K88ad, K99, F41, 987P, and F18. Wild-type ETEC expressing K88ab, K88ac, and K88ad efficiently bound to both IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells. An ETEC strain expressing both K99 and F41 bound heavily to both porcine cell lines but an E. coli strain expressing only K99 bound very poorly to these cells. E. coli expressing F18 adhesin strongly bound to IPEC-1 cells but did not adhere to IPEC-J2 cells. The E. coli strains G58-1 and 711 which express no fimbrial adhesins and those that express 987P fimbriae failed to bind to either porcine cell line. Only strains B41 and K12:K99 bound in abundance to INT-407 cells. The binding of porcine ETEC to IPEC-J2, IPEC-1 and INT-407 with varying affinities, together with lack of binding of 987P ETEC and non-fimbriated E. coli strains, suggests strain-specific E. coli binding to these cell lines. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of porcine intestinal cell lines for studying ETEC pathogenesis.  相似文献   

Characterization of endothelin receptors in the peripheral lung tissues of horses unaffected and affected with recurrent airway obstruction          下载免费PDF全文

Sumanth Polikepahad  Masudul Haque  Joseph Francis  Rustin M Moore  Changaram S Venugopal 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(4):340-349

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Early Pregnancy Diagnosis by Serum Progesterone and Ultrasound in Sheep Carrying Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Derived Pregnancies     

B Alexander  G Coppola  GF Mastromonaco  E St. John  ER Reyes  DH Betts  WA King 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(2):207-211

Early pregnancy diagnosis and monitoring play an important role following embryo transfer in sheep. The aims of the current study were to investigate (i) the pattern of serum progesterone profiles in sheep carrying somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)‐derived (clone) pregnancies, and (ii) the frequency of pregnancy loss during development following SCNT embryo transfer. Sheep SCNT embryos were made using standard nuclear transfer techniques. Day 7 embryos were surgically transferred to oestrus‐synchronized recipients (n = 27). As a control, normal fertile ewes (n = 12) were bred by natural breeding. Serum was collected from all the ewes on the day of estrus (day 0 sample), 7 days post‐estrus (day 7 sample) and 19 days post‐estrus (day 19 sample) and every 10 days thereafter until lambing or pregnancy loss occurred. Serum progesterone (P4) was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound scanning on day 35 of pregnancy followed by subsequent scanning every 10 days. In control ewes, pregnancy rate on day 35 was 83.3% (10/12), whereas in the ewes that received SCNT embryos, it was 22.2% (6/27; p < 0.05). The day 45 pregnancy rate in the control ewes was 83.3%, whereas in the SCNT embryo recipients it was 11.0% (p < 0.05). Hormone analysis revealed that SCNT embryo recipients exhibited a significantly lower P4 profiles at different time points in pregnancy compared to controls (p < 0.05). This study highlights the use of serum progesterone in combination with ultrasound for the investigation of embryo loss and crucial times during development of normal and SCNT embryos in sheep. Further, the serum P4 levels directly reflect the degree of placental development in these two groups.  相似文献   

Oxalate‐degrading bacteria,including Oxalobacter formigenes,colonise the gastrointestinal tract of healthy koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and those with oxalate nephrosis     

KN Speight  M Houston‐Francis  M Mohammadi‐Dehcheshmeh  E Ebrahimie  S Saputra  DJ Trott 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(5):166-170

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Population Genetics of Pythium ultimum     

Francis DM  Clair DA 《Phytopathology》1997,87(4):454-461

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Exploiting a readily available but hard to digest resource: A review of exudativorous mammals identified thus far and how they cope in captivity          下载免费PDF全文

Francis CABANA  Ellen S. DIERENFELD  Wirdateti  Giuseppe DONATI  K. A. I. NEKARIS 《Integrative zoology》2018,13(1):94-111

Gum is a widely available carbohydrate, composed mainly of non‐digestible structural carbohydrates. No mammalian enzymes can digest gum; therefore, a mammal ingesting gum must rely on microbial fermentation to access the energy it possesses. Gums are relatively nutrient poor. Despite this, some mammals have evolved to exploit this food resource. We aim to review the literature for all mammal species which have been recorded to ingest gum, whether quantified or not, and discuss this in the context of their evolutionary adaptations. We also investigated the recommended captive diets for these species to look at whether gum is recommended. We conducted a literature search on ISI Web of Knowledge to tabulate all mammal species observed ingesting gum and classified them as obligate, facultative or opportunistic feeders. We encountered 94 mammal species that eat gum in the wild (27 obligate feeders, 34 facultative feeders and 33 opportunistic feeders). Obligate feeders have entirely evolved to exploit this resource but were found to not be given gum in captivity, which may explain why they are failing to thrive, as opposed to facultative feeders, which have fewer issues. Gum may be necessary for the health of obligate feeders in captivity. Future research should focus on the physiological effects that gum ingestion poses on different digestive systems.  相似文献   

Gastrointestinal protozoa in non-human primates of four zoological gardens in Belgium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Levecke B  Dorny P  Geurden T  Vercammen F  Vercruysse J 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(3-4):236-246

Gastrointestinal parasites are important infectious causes of diarrhoea in captive non-human primates (NHP). However, prevalence data of gastrointestinal parasites in zoological gardens are scarce. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in NHP of four zoological gardens in Belgium. Between August 2004 and April 2006, 910 faecal samples were collected from 222 animals housed in 39 groups. The 31 species involved were representatives of prosimians, New World (NW) monkeys, Old World (OW) monkeys and apes. Because individual sampling was impossible, a statistical simulation was performed to estimate a sufficient sample size. All samples were microscopically examined after an acetic acid-ether concentration. Differences in host species susceptibility were examined by non-parametric tests. Entamoeba spp. (44%) and Giardia spp. (41%) were the most prevalent species. Other parasites detected were Endolimax nana (36%), Chilomastix mesnili (21%), Balantidium coli (13%), Trichuris spp. (10%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (5%) and Strongyloides spp. (5%). Parasites for which a significant difference in susceptibility at the level of host taxonomy was noted were Entamoeba spp. (p<0.001) and C. mesnili (p<0.05). Samples containing Entamoeba spp. were the most prevalent in OW monkeys (p<0.0083). Samples collected from OW monkeys contained the highest number of parasite species (p<0.0083).  相似文献   

Endoscopic resection of dorsal spinous processes and interspinous ligament in ten horses     

Desbrosse FG  Perrin R  Launois T  Vandeweerd JM  Clegg PD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2007,36(2):149-155

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Crown morphology of Norway spruce from usual tree measurements     

李长胜  孙剑峰  徐永芳 《林业研究》1998,9(1):8-12

Intr0ducti0nNorwayspruce(PiceaabiesKarst)is0l1eoflI1e111ostimportal1tc011iferinFra11ce.lnl99l,tI1etotaIareaofNorwaysprLICewasestimatedt0be723000I11112.ItsvoIUmewasl27Inilli0I1m3.Tl1eanl1uaIvoILl111eiI1crc-mentwas5.74millionm3.ltiswideIyacceptedII1atIargeri11itialspacingssI1ouldbeusednow.l111940's,thedensity0ftl1epIantatiol1rangedfr0m5000to10000stems/hm2.Nowtl1einitiaIdensityvariesbetweenI000to250Ostems/I1m2.TI1eIargestspacit1g111aybe650~800stems/hm2.S0ithasasignifica11cetostLldyt…  相似文献