Analgesic, hemodynamic and respiratory effects of caudal epidurally administered ropivacaine hydrochloride in mares   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Roman T Skarda Dr. med. vet.  PhD  Dip ACVA  Dip ECVA  ;William W Muir DVM  PhD  Dip ACVA  Dip ACVECC 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(2):61-74

Objective To determine the analgesic, hemodynamic and respiratory effects, sedation and ataxia in mares of caudal epidural administration of ropivacaine hydrochloride solution. Study design Prospective, single‐dose trial. Animals Ten healthy mares weighing from 475 to 565 kg. Methods Intravascular catheters and an epidural needle were placed after infiltration of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with 2% lidocaine. Ropivacaine (0.5%, 8 or 9 mL) was then injected epidurally at the fifth sacral or sacrococcygeal vertebrae, respectively. Analgesia was determined by lack of sensory perception to electrical stimulation (> 40 milliamps) and absence of response to needle pricks extending from coccyx to S2 dermatomes. Electrocardiogram, heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, arterial blood pressure, arterial acid‐base (pH, standard bicarbonate and base excess), gas tensions (PO₂, PCO₂), PCV, oxyhemoglobin and total solids concentrations, and numerical scores of perineal analgesia, sedation (head drop), and ataxia (position of pelvic limbs) were determined before and during a 5‐hour testing period. Analysis of variance (anova ) with repeated measures was used to detect significant (p < 0.05) differences of mean values from baseline. Results Epidurally administered ropivacaine induced variable analgesia extending bilaterally from coccyx to S2 (three mares), coccyx to S3 (four mares), and coccyx to S4 (three mares), with minimal sedation, ataxia, and cardiovascular and respiratory disturbances of mares. Perineal analgesia was attained at 10 ± 4 minutes and lasted for 196 ±42 minutes (mean ± SD). Five mares demonstrated inadequate perineal analgesia, probably attributable to deviation of the spinal needle from the midline. They were successfully blocked with ropivacaine on another occasion. Epidural ropivacaine significantly reduced repiratory rates of mares and did not change other variables from baseline. Conclusions and clinical relevance Ropivacaine (0.5%, 8 mL 500 kg^?1) can be administered caudal epidurally to produce prolonged (> 2.5 hours) bilateral perineal analgesia with minimal sedation, ataxia, and circulatory and respiratory disturbances in standing mares.  相似文献   

Long-Term Results of Complete and Partial Ligation of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs     

HEIDI A. HOTTINGER DVM    RICHARD WALSHAW BVMS  Diplomate ACVS  JOE G. HAUPTMAN DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(4):331-336

The medical records of 65 dogs that underwent complete or partial ligation of a single congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) were reviewed to determine the long-term clinical results. Information retrieved from the records included age at surgery, preligation (baseline) portal pressure, postligation portal pressure, change in portal pressure from baseline, complete or partial occlusion of the shunting vessel and fasting, and 2-hour postprandial bile acids from the preoperative, early postoperative (PO), and greater than 1 year PO time periods. A clinical rating score derived from a follow-up examination greater than 1 year PO was assigned to each dog. Of the 56 dogs that survived the perioperative period, 29 (52%) had complete and 27 (48%) had partial ligations. Age at surgery, pre- and postligation portal pressure, change in portal pressure from baseline and serum bile acid concentrations were not related to long-term clinical outcome. Clinical rating scores were significantly greater for dogs with partial CPSS ligations compared with dogs with complete ligations, indicating a less favorable clinical outcome for partial ligations. Fasting and 2-hour postprandial bile acid values at both PO time intervals were significantly greater in partial versus complete ligation groups. Follow-up information for more than 1 year was available on 18 of 29 dogs (62%) with complete ligations. All were clinically normal. Of 27 dogs with partial ligations, 11 dogs (41%) developed recurrence of clinical signs resulting in presentation to the university or referring veterinarian for additional surgery, medical management, or euthanasia. Only three dogs with partial CPSS ligation (11%) were clinically normal. Another nine dogs (33%) were operated on again before the possible development of clinical signs and four dogs (15%) were unavailable for follow-up. It was concluded that partial ligation of CPSS is associated with a greater recurrance of clinical signs and patient morbidity than complete ligation.  相似文献   

Observations on blood-borne parasites of domestic livestock in the Lower Juba Region of Somalia     

Dr K. Schoepf  H. A. Mustafamohamed  J. M. Katende 《Tropical animal health and production》1984,16(4):227-232

The commonest parasite to be found in blood of cattle in the Lower Juba Region is Theileria mutans. Antibodies against Trypanosoma spp. and Anaplasma marginale could be detected serologically whereas no antibodies against T. parva and T. annulata were present. A list of ticks collected between 1980 and 1982 in the above mentioned area shows that vectors of T. mutans are common. As the cattle throughout the region are indigenous Somali Boran it seems that endemic stability is maintained and mortality from T. mutans infection is negligible. It is not yet clear whether pathogenic strains of T. mutans similar to those isolated in East Africa occur.  相似文献   

FLEXION-EXTENSION MYELOGRAPHY OF THE CANINE CAUDA EQUINA     

Johann  Lang  Dr.  Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1988,29(6):242-257

The radiographic appearance of the canine dural end-sac and its behavior during flexion and extension of the spine is described in a myelographic study in 22 normal dogs and 26 dogs with cauda equina compression syndrome. In more than 80% of the dogs, the dural sac ended at the level of the sacrum. There were relatively large individual differences in shape and size of the dural end-sac. In contrast, shape, length, position, and diameter of the dural end-sac at the level of the lumbosacral articulation is extremely constant during flexion and extension in normal individuals. In the 26 dogs with lesions affecting the cauda equina and nerve roots between L6 and the first caudal vertebra, myelography was diagnostic in 21 dogs. Myelographic diagnosis of cauda equina compression was possible in seven dogs with spine in flexion. In 14 dogs, overextension of the spine and imaging in lateral and dorsal recumbency was necessary to establish a diagnosis. The five dogs with nondiagnostic myelograms had either a dural end-sac ending cranially to the lesion (two dogs), diseases not associated with compression (two dogs), or only slight indentations of the contrast medium column (one dog).  相似文献   

Nonlymphomatous Hepatobiliary Masses in Cats: 41 Cases (1972 to 1991)     

HOWARD J. LAWRENCE DVM  Diplomate ACVS    HOLLIS N. ERB DVM  PhD  H. JAY HARVEY DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(5):365-368

The medical and necropsy records of 41 cats diagnosed with nonlymphomatous hepatobiliary (NLHB) masses, including neoplasia and cysts, were reviewed. Overall, benign masses (n = 27) were more common than malignant ones (n = 14). The single most common malignancy was cholangiocellular carcinoma. The median age at diagnosis was significantly lower ( P < .01) for cats with malignant rather than benign disease. Clinical signs associated with hepatobiliary neoplasia were usually vague and included lethargy, vomiting, and anorexia, often present for at least 2 weeks before presentation. Benign masses were an incidental finding in significantly more ( P < .01) of the cases than were malignant masses. Median values for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin were significantly higher ( P < .05) in cats with malignant versus benign masses. The prognosis for malignant disease was poor, with 86% of the cats dying or being euthanatized during hospitalization. Cats with benign disease that underwent exploratory celiotomy were more likely to recover and warranted a more favorable prognosis than cats with malignant tumors. Factors associated with malignancy included age at presentation, presence of clinical signs at presentation, and specific serum chemistry changes.  相似文献   

Jejunal Intussusception: A Complication of Functional End-to-End Stapled Anastomoses in Two Ponies     

REBECCA L. FRANKENY VMD    DAVID A. WILSON DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    NAT T. MESSER IV DVM  Diplomate ABVP  CYNTHIA CAMPBELL-BEGGS DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(6):515-517

Jejunojejunal intussusception occurred after jejunal resection and stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis in two pony mares. In both mares, the lead point of the intussusception was the stapled functional end-to-end (FEE) anastomosis. The stapled free ends of jejunum were oversewn with an inverting suture pattern. A possible explanation for development of the intussusception was the acute angle created in the intestine by the FEE anastomsis. This angulation may have impaired flow of ingesta causing motility changes that predisposed the site to intussusception. Because the oversewn blind intestinal ends acted as the lead point for formation of the intussusception, it may be inadvisable to oversew the stapled anastomotic ends.  相似文献   

Ein Beitrag zur Klassifizierung der wichtigsten vergrünenden Streptokokken des weiblichen bovinen Genitaltraktes     

Dr. W. Weisser 《Zoonoses and public health》1981,28(1):59-68

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Occurrence of aflatoxins in pig feed]     

A Piskac  J Drábek 《Veterinární medicína》1978,23(7):437-446

Sixty-seven pig feed samples were examined for the presence of aflatoxins by the method after Velasco, with simultaneous qualitative determination by the thin-layer chromatographic method. All samples were collected at about the same time (June 1977) from central stores, feed preparing plants, storage containers and feeding lines on farms. On the whole, the feeds formed a representative sample of the conditions of pig feed storage and treatment. The presence of aflatoxins was proved in 18 samples (26.8%). One sample (1.4%) showed just traces of aflatoxin, six samples (8.4%) contained 0.014 to 0.45 mg aflatoxins, eight samples (11.2%) contained 0.10 to 0.30 mg aflatoxins, and three samples (4.2%) had 2.7 to 3.5 mg aflatoxins per 1 kg of feed. The samples with the highest aflatoxin concentrations came from metallic storage containers for complete feed mixtures in front of the pigsties.  相似文献   

THE DEVELOPMENT AND PHARMACOLOGY OF BUTYROPHENONES IN HUMAN AND VETERINARY MEDICINE     

Dr.  R. Marsboom D.V.M. 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1971,2(1):81-98

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Announcement     

Dr. W. Junk 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1973,23(1-3):III-III

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