Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from personnel in a poultry hatchery and in broiler parent farms with those isolated from skeletal disease in broilers.     

J D Rodgers  J J McCullagh  P T McNamee  J A Smyth  H J Ball 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,69(3):189-198

Personnel from one broiler hatchery, and workers on 18 separate broiler parent farms which supply the hatchery, were tested for hand and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. In both locations, nasal carriage of S. aureus was more common than hand carriage. A total of 63 S. aureus strains were characterised by biotyping, protein A analysis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Of these, 36 were recovered from broiler hatchery personnel, 14 from broiler parent farm personnel and 13 from cases of skeletal disease in commercial broilers. Biotyping and protein A analysis indicated that none of the strains recovered from hatchery personnel were of the poultry biotype, but that two strains recovered from the hands of two broiler parent farm personnel could be grouped together with 12/13 of strains recovered from skeletal disease in broilers, as poultry biotypes. PFGE-typing could not distinguish 9/13 strains recovered from skeletal disease in broilers and one of the strains from the broiler parent farm personnel from isolate 24 (I. 24), which is the predominant S. aureus strain type associated with clinical disease in N. Ireland broiler flocks. The present study found no evidence of nasal carriage of S. aureus strains of poultry biotype by humans. The finding of hand carriage by broiler parent farm personnel, suggests that handling by personnel may contribute to the dissemination of I. 24 or other S. aureus strains associated with skeletal disease in broilers.  相似文献   

Congenital portosystemic shunts in Maltese and Australian Cattle Dogs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PLC TISDALL  GB HUNT ‡  CR BELLENGER †  R. MALIK † 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(6):174-178

SUMMARY Congenital portosystemic shunts were definitively diagnosed in 62 dogs over a period of 15 years. Maltese and Australian Cattle Dogs were significantly over-represented, accounting for 14 and 13 cases, respectively. Maltese invariably had a single extrahepatic shunt derived from the left gastric or gastrosplenic vein, whereas Cattle Dogs usually had large intrahepatic shunts involving the right liver lobes. The clinical syndromes resulting from anomalous portosystemic communications were indistinguishable in the 2 breeds. Fasting blood ammonia concentration was elevated in 20 of 22 dogs tested, providing a minimally invasive and effective means of diagnosis. Complete or partial shunt attenuation was performed successfully in all 9 Maltese and in 2 of 6 Cattle Dogs in which it was attempted.  相似文献   

Equine hydatidosis: A review of the current status in great britain and the results of an epidemiological survey     

R.C.A. Thompson  J.D. Smyth 《Veterinary parasitology》1975,1(2):107-127

An appraisal of the current status of animal and human hydatidosis in Great Britain is given. Attention is drawn to the fact that, whereas the disease occurs largely in localised districts in domestic food animals, (especially sheep), it is widespread in horses, having reached epidemic proportions within the last decade.Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that dogs belonging to hunting packs are the major definitive host. The role of the fox is still uncertain.A survey of the feeding, housing and general husbandary of hunting dogs has shown that they have access to raw uninspected horse flesh and offal. Following the Second World War, economic pressures and labour shortages have been the main factors behind a change in the dietary practices at hunt kennels leading to an increase in the feeding of raw flesh and offal. The survey revealed that of 21 hunts inspected 11 (52%) harboured infected dogs. Worms recovered from infected dogs were identified as the horse “strain” of Echinococcus granulosus.The potential public health hazards which could yet arise, as a consequence of the increased prevalence of equine hydatidosis, are discussed.  相似文献   

Different gradients for neurotransmitter metabolites and protein in horse cerebrospinal fluid     

D. M. Vaughn  G. B. Smyth 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(6):413-419

The serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of seven clinically normal horses were evaluated with reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Comparisons of the neurotransmitter metabolite concentrations were made on CSF collected simultaneously from the atlanto-occipital and lumbosacral regions. There were significantly higher amounts of 5-HIAA and HVA in atlanto-occipital CSF than in lumbosacral CSF. Mean 5-HIAA concentrations in atlanto-occipital and lumbosacral CSF were 206.1±37.0 nmol/L and 68.5±12.6 nmol/L, respectively. The mean HVA concentration in atlanto-occipital CSF was 254.4±50.4 nmol/L. No HVA was detected in lumbosacral CSF. In contrast, significantly greater protein concentrations were present in lumbosacral CSF than in atlanto-occipital CSF. Lumbosacral and atlanto-occipital CSF contained 32.1±3.7 mg protein/dl and 25.0±1.3 mg protein/dl, respectively. Thus, between the atlanto-occipital and lumbosacral space of the horses, a rostrocaudal gradient existed for neurotransmitter metabolites and a caudorostral gradient existed for protein.  相似文献   

Relationships among Puberty,Muscle and Fat,and Liveweight Gain during Mating in Young Female Sheep          下载免费PDF全文

CA Rosales Nieto  MB Ferguson  H Thompson  JR Briegel  CA Macleay  GB Martin  AN Thompson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):637-642

Greater depths of muscle are associated with better reproductive performance in ewe lambs, but, in adult ewes, reproductive performance also seems to vary with liveweight gain during the mating period. Therefore, in a large field study with Merino ewe lambs, we tested whether the relationships among eye muscle depth (EMD), fat depth (FAT) and reproductive performance depend on liveweight gain during the mating period. We selected lambs with a wide range in phenotypic values for depths of eye muscle (EMD) and fat (FAT) and assigned them to dietary treatments designed to achieve low (LOW, n = 244) or high (HIGH, n = 237) rates of liveweight gain during a 28‐day mating period. The LOW treatment maintained live weight, whereas the HIGH treatment gained 179 ± 3.8 g/day (p < 0.001). From those ewe lambs that attained puberty, first oestrus was detected at live weight 37.8 ± 0.2 kg and age 232 days. The proportion of ewes that attained puberty increased with EMD (p < 0.01). Ewes from the HIGH treatment were more fertile (pregnant ewes per 100 ewes exposed to rams) and had a higher reproductive rate (foetuses in utero per 100 ewes exposed to rams; p < 0.001) than those from the LOW treatment. Fertility and reproductive rate were positively correlated with weight gain during mating as well as live weight at the start of mating, FAT and EMD (p < 0.05 to <0.001). We conclude that faster growth, due to either extra nutrition during mating or higher phenotypic potential for fat and muscle, will increase reproductive performance in ewe lambs mated at 8 months of age.  相似文献   

Collation of data on applicants,offers, acceptances,students and graduates in veterinary science in Australia 2001–2013          下载免费PDF全文

GB Smyth 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(1-2):4-11

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Gene silencing by RNAi via oral delivery of dsRNA by bacteria in the South American tomato pinworm,Tuta absoluta     

Flavia MM Bento  Rodrigo N Marques  Felippe B Campana  Clarice GB Demtrio  Roseli A Leandro  Jos Roberto P Parra  Antonio Figueira 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):287-295

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Hydrogen and aluminum inhibition of soybean root extension from limed soil into acid subsurface solutions     

C. Sanzonowicz  T. J. Smyth  D. W. Israel 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):387-403

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. ‘Ransom'] root elongation under varying concentrations of solution hydrogen (H) and aluminum (Al) was investigated in a vertical split‐root system. Roots extending from a limed and fertilized soil compartment grew for 12 days into a subsurface compartment with solutions adjusted to either different pH values from 3.7 to 5.5 or a factorial combination of pH (4.0,4.6, and 5.2) and Al (0,7.5, 15, and 30 μM) levels. Ionic forms of Al were estimated with GEOCHEM and solution Al was determined with ferron. Boron (B) (18.5 μM) and zinc (Zn) (0.5 μM) were supplied to all solution treatments, in addition to 2000 μM Ca, after preliminary studies at pH 5.2 without Al indicated that their omission inhibited length of tap roots and their laterals in the subsurface compartment. Both H⁺ and Al inhibited the length of lateral roots more than tap roots. Lateral roots failed to develop on tap roots at pH<4.3 or in treatments with 30 μM Al. Relative tap root length (RRL) among treatments receiving Al correlated with Al as measured by reaction with ferron for 30s. Ferron‐reactive Al was correlated to GEOCHEM‐predicted Al³⁺ activity (r=0.99). A 50% reduction in RRL occurred with either 2.1 μM Al³⁺ activity or 4.9 uM ferron‐reactive Al. The absence of shoot and soil‐root biomass differences among solution treatments in the split‐root system indicated that differences in root growth in the subsurface compartment were not directly confounded with differences in top growth.  相似文献   

Calcium alleviation of hydrogen and aluminum inhibition of soybean root extension from limed soil into acid subsurface solutions     

C. Sanzonowicz  T. J. Smyth  D. W. Israel 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):785-804

Alleviation by calcium (Ca) of inhibition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. ‘Ransom'] root elongation by hydrogen (H) and aluminum (Al) was evaluated in a vertical split‐root system. Roots extending from a limed and fertilized soil compartment grew for 12 days into a subsurface compartment containing nutrient solution with treatments consisting of factorial combinations of either pH (4.0, 4.6, and 5.5) and Ca (0.2, 2.0, 10, and 20 mM), Al (7.5, 15, and 30 μM) and Ca (2.0,10, and 20 mM) at pH 4.6, or Ca (2, 7, and 12 mM) levels and counter ions (SO₄ and Cl) at pH 4.6 and 15 μM Al. Length of tap roots and their laterals increased with solution Ca concentration and pH value, but decreased with increasing Al level. Length of both tap and lateral roots were greater when Ca was supplied as CaSO₄ than as CaCl₂, but increasing Ca concentration from 2 to 12 mM had a greater effect on alleviating Al toxicity than Ca source. In the absence of Al, relative root length (RRL) of tap and lateral roots among pH and Ca treatments was related to the Ca:H molar activity ratio of solutions (R²≥0.82). Tap and lateral RRL among solutions with variable concentrations of Al and Ca at pH 4.6 were related to both the sum of the predicted activities of monomeric Al (R²≥0.92) and a log‐transformed and valence‐weighted balance between activities of Ca and selected monomeric Al species (R²≥0.95). In solutions with 15 μM Al at pH 4.6, response of tap and lateral RRL to variable concentrations of CaSO₄ and CaCl₂ were related to predicted molar activity ratios of both Ca:Al³⁺ (R²≥0.89) and Ca:3 monomeric Al (R²≥0.90), provided that AISO₄ and AI(SO₄)₂ species were excluded from the latter index. In all experiments H and Al inhibited length of lateral roots more than tap roots, and a greater Ca:H or Ca:Al concentration ratio was required in solutions to achieve similar RRL values as tap roots.  相似文献   

Mortality of one-week-old chickens during naturally occurring Marek's disease virus infection     

Carvallo FR  French RA  Gilbert-Marcheterre K  Risatti G  Dunn JR  Forster F  Kiupel M  Smyth JA 《Veterinary pathology》2011,48(5):993-998

Marek's disease (MD) is a disease of chickens that occurs worldwide and has serious economic consequences. MD can present as one of several forms, with the most commonly occurring forms being the lymphoproliferative diseases. Under experimental conditions, an early mortality syndrome has been recognized following infection by some but not all strains of MD virus (MDV). This is the first report of a confirmed case of mortality due to naturally occurring MDV infection in 1-week-old, nonvaccinated, chickens. Necrotizing lesions were observed in the bursa of Fabricius, lung, duodenum, jejunum, and proventriculus, and large intranuclear inclusion bodies were a striking feature in tissues with lesions in all birds. Immunohistochemical staining for the pp38 protein of MDV revealed abundant pp38 antigen in the affected tissues, confirming the presence of MDV within the lesions. PCR yielded an amplicon with 97% homology to the meq gene of MDV. No evidence of co-infection by either of the immunosuppressive agents chicken anemia virus and infectious bursal disease virus was detected.  相似文献