Actinobacillus species in animal disease: A topical subject     

Gottschalk M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2000,159(1):5-7

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Identification and detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by PCR based on the gene apxIVA   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Schaller A  Djordjevic SP  Eamens GJ  Forbes WA  Kuhn R  Kuhnert P  Gottschalk M  Nicolet J  Frey J 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,79(1):47-62

The apxIVA gene, a recently discovered RTX determinant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, was shown to be species-specific. DNA hybridization experiments using probes for various regions of apxIVA revealed that the 3'-terminus of this gene was present in all 14 serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae but absent from phylogenetically related species. A primer pair spanning this region specifically amplified a 422bp fragment in PCR experiments with DNA from the reference strains of the 14 serotypes and 194 field strains isolated from various geographic locations worldwide. DNA sequence analysis of PCR products derived from all serotypes were identical except in serotypes 3, 8, and 10, which showed minor differences. The PCR did not amplify any product when DNA from 17 different bacterial species closely related to A. pleuropneumoniae was used as template. In addition, the PCR was negative with DNA of several Actinobacillus sp. which were initially characterized as A. pleuropneumoniae using routine phenotypic and serological analyses but which were subsequently shown by 16S rRNA sequence analysis to belong to yet undefined Actinobacillus species. The sensitivity of the PCR was determined to be 10pg of A. pleuropneumoniae DNA. A set of nested primers amplified a 377bp fragment specifically with A. pleuropneumoniae DNA. DNA titration experiments using the flanking and nested primer pairs showed an improved level of sensitivity to approximately 10fg of genomic DNA. The nested PCR was used to monitor the spread of A. pleuropneumoniae in pigs experimentally infected with a virulent serotype 1 strain and housed in a controlled environment facility. A. pleuropneumoniae DNA could be detected by nested PCR in nasal swab samples of infected pigs receiving either a high dose (5x10(5)) or a low dose (1x10(4)) challenge and in unchallenged cohorts that were contact-infected by the inoculated animals. Furthermore, PCR confirmed the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae in 16/17 homogenates from necrotic lung lesions, while the bacterium was successfully recovered from 13 of these lesions by culture.  相似文献   

Congenital polycystic kidney disease in lambs     

AC Johnstone  BI Davidson  AR Roe  MR Eccles  RD Jolly 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):307-314

AIM: To describe the pathology and inheritance of a congenital polycystic kidney disease (PKD) of sheep.

METHODS: Mode of inheritance of PKD was investigated by evaluation of results of the disorder from planned matings in two consecutive years within subsets of a flock that had a high prevalence of PKD in lambs. Gross pathological and histopath- ological studies were based on tissues derived from this study. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained paraffin sections of kidney, liver, extrahepatic biliary and pancreatic ducts, pancreas and epididymis were used to describe the lesions.

RESULTS: Twenty-five lambs affected by PKD, of both sexes, were born, numbers in accord with those expected for an autosomal recessive disorder in the population studied. In all cases for which tissues were available, the renal, bile ductal (intrahepatic and extrahepatic), pancreatic and epididymal tissues had widespread dysplastic changes and associated cyst formation.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of renal cysts in conjunction with cysts in other organs are unifying features in many of the human and animal forms of PKD and suggest a related pathogenic and genetic base consistent with an autosomal recessive disorder.  相似文献   

Cerebellar cortical abiotrophy in Wiltshire sheep     

AC Johnstone  RD Jolly  CB Johnson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

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Bovine citrullinaemia traced to the sire of Linmack Kriss King   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PJ HEALY  JA DENNIS  LM CAMILLERI  JL ROBINSON  AL STELL  RD SHANKS 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(4):155-155

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Reduction in morbidity due to diarrhea in nursing beef calves by use of an inactivated oil-adjuvanted rotavirus-Escherichia coli vaccine in the dam.     

E M Cornaglia  F M Fernández  M Gottschalk  M E Barrandeguy  A Luchelli  M I Pasini  L J Saif  J R Parraud  A Romat  A A Schudel 《Veterinary microbiology》1992,30(2-3):191-202

An outbreak of neonatal diarrhea occurred among beef calves (2000 animals) from one large Argentinian farm in 1985. Rotavirus was detected in 78% (106/136) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in 1.5% of the samples (2/136) obtained from sick calves. In comparison rotavirus was identified in only 1.6% (1/63) of the samples from clinically healthy calves. The rotavirus strain responsible for the outbreak was characterized as serotype 6 belonging to group A. In the following three years the protective capacity of a combined rotavirus-E. coli inactivated vaccine administered to the dams during the last third of the gestation period was evaluated on this farm by comparison of morbidity due to diarrhea in calves from vaccinated vs. placebo cows within the same year. The morbidity due to diarrhea among calves from dams in the vaccinated and placebo groups was 34% and 77%, respectively in 1986; 23% and 47% in 1987, and 15% and 34%, in 1988. In 1987 morbidity of diarrhea in calves born from vaccinated heifers was 54% and 74% in calves from placebo heifers. In 1988 morbidity from diarrhea was 41% and 54%, respectively among calves in these two groups. In all experiments, calves from heifers showed significantly greater morbidity than calves from cows. Differences in diarrhea morbidity between the vaccinated and placebo groups were statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Additional studies showed that the diarrhea had a significant influence (P less than 0.05) on the average live weight of the calves at weaning (5 to 7 months) with an average weight loss of 7.8 kg per calf among the calves affected with diarrhea.  相似文献   

The behavior of lactogenic and steroid hormones in the blood of Awassi ewes in Syria during lactation     

Kaskous S  Grün E  Gottschalk J  Hippel T 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(3-4):117-123

The concentrations of lactogenic hormones (prolactin--PRL, growth hormone--GH, insulin-like growth factor I--IGF-I) and steroid hormones (progesterone--PG, estradiol--E2) were determined by RIA in the blood plasma of 8 lactating ewes (3 with twins) and compared with that of 3 non-lactating cycling ewes of the same age. All animals live in a flock of 30 Awassi sheep under identical conditions in Syria. The lactation period (192 +/- 25 days) is divided to a suckling period (until day 63) and a hand milking period (2 fold daily) with different levels of milk production (near 2 litres/day in the former, decreasing from 0.8 to 0.1 litre/day in the latter). During the suckling period the concentrations of steroid hormones in the blood plasma are lower, these of lactogenic hormones are higher of lactating than of non-lactating ewes. During the milking period only the concentrations of E2, PRL and IGF-I in the blood plasma of lactating animals are lower than in non-lactating ewes. But, during this time more and more seasonal influences (increasing day length and temperature) overwhelm the influence of lactation on the hormone secretion. Suckling of twins is accompanied with higher levels of E2, PRL and IGF-I in the blood plasma of their mothers than suckling of single lambs. During the lactation period a strong correlation exists between milk yield and the level of GH (r = 0.85) and IGF-I (r = 0.71), a smaller correlations to the level of E2 (r = 0.49) in the blood plasma of the lactating ewes. During the suckling period the milk yield is influenced positively by PRL (r = 0.77) and GH (r = 0.68), but negatively by PG (r = -0.76). During the milking period the milk yield is determined extensively by the level of IGF-I (r = 0.89) in the blood plasma. The concentrations of the analyzed hormones in the blood plasma correlate always positively together.  相似文献   

Serologic profile of a cohort of pigs and antibody response to an autogenous vaccine for Actinobacillus suis     

Lapointe L  D'Allaire S  Lacouture S  Gottschalk M 《Veterinary research》2001,32(2):175-183

Actinobacillus suis is a commensal opportunistic pathogen in swine. However, in recent years, an increasing prevalence of clinical signs associated with A. suis has been observed in high health status herds in North America. The objectives of the study were to assess the kinetics of antibodies to A. suis in pigs from a herd showing clinical signs of A. suis infection and, to evaluate the antibody response in gilts following vaccination with an autogenous vaccine. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a saline extract of boiled-formalinized whole cells of a field strain as the coating antigen was standardized. This ELISA was used as a tool for monitoring, in a comparative way, the variations in A. suis antibody levels. The herd selected for the serologic profile was negative for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection and showed clinical signs of A. suis infection in 16 to 19-week-old pigs. A cohort of 20 pigs was blood sampled at 5, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. The lowest level of serum antibodies was observed between weeks 8 and 12, this probably corresponding to a decrease in maternal immunity. A marked increase in the antibody response was seen at 16-week of age, at the approximate time of onset of A. suis clinical signs in the herd. The evaluation of serum antibody responses to an autogenous vaccine revealed that the humoral immunity of gilts further increased following vaccination although the level of antibodies was already high prior to vaccination. The magnitude of the response to vaccination was higher when the level of antibodies was low prior to the first injection. The ELISA test seems to detect antibodies against the O-chain LPS.  相似文献   

Distribution of Streptococcus suis capsular types in 1993.   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

R Higgins  M Gottschalk 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1994,35(4):245

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Bovine abortion associated with Anaplasma marginale.   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

W M Correa  C N Correa    A F Gottschalk 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1978,42(2):227-228

During the period from June 1974 to June 1975, five bovine fetuses between seven to nine months old were received for necropsy from four different counties of the S. Paulo State, Brazil. All of them were from brucellosis-free herds. Necropsy revealed slight liver enlargement generally accompanied by capsular petechial hemorrhages. Enlargement and congestion of the spleen, epicardial and endocardial petechiae were present in three fetuses and one of them had lungs with some hemorrhagic lobules. Cardiac blood films of all the fetuses stained by the Pappenheim's panoptic method showed Anaplasma marginale in two to 20% of red corpuscles. When stained with acridine orange and immunofluorescent methods blood films of the first fetus specifically showed A. marginale.  相似文献