Dynamics of fishing gear allocation by fishers in small-scale coastal fisheries of Pelabuhanratu Bay, Indonesia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. S. WIYONO  S. YAMADA  E. TANAKA  T. ARIMOTO  & T. KITAKADO 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2006,13(3):185-195

Abstract  Fishing gear usage in small-scale coastal fisheries of Pelabuhanratu Bay, Indonesia was explained by two approaches: temporal fishing gear allocation analysis and adaptive responses of fishers to external factors, especially climate and abundance of target species. Gear usage, with the exception of hand lines and seine nets, was more intensive during the dry season than the rainy season. The decision to use seine nets was governed by seasonal variability in the abundance of Auxis thazard , Lacepède, and Trichiurus spp. to the catch. Sustainable management of fishing activities in Pelabuhanratu Bay requires proportional reductions in the use of lift nets and fixed gillnets across the seasons rather than gear specific effort reductions.  相似文献   

The transport of albendazole and albendazole sulphoxide in the lancet fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum)     

Bártíková H  Vokřál I  Forstová-Křížová V  Skálová L  Lamka J  Szotáková B 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(1):27-33

Albendazole (ABZ) is one of the most important benzimidazole compounds possessing high activity against the lancet fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum. ABZ sulphoxide (ABZ.SO) is the main molecule present in the bloodstream of an ABZ-treated host. The aim of this study was to characterise the pattern of ex vivo uptake of ABZ and ABZ.SO by lancet flukes and the export of both anthelmintics from these parasites. Transport of these anthelmintics in both living and dead flukes was compared. The adult flukes were collected from mouflons (Ovis musimon) which had been infected naturally. Results showed that more lipophilic ABZ was imported to a higher extent than ABZ.SO, and that significantly higher concentrations of ABZ were detected within living flukes as compared to dead ones. The same pattern was revealed in the study of ABZ and ABZ.SO export from the flukes' bodies. In addition to passive diffusion, active ABZ uptake and active efflux of ABZ and ABZ.SO in D. dendriticum could be assumed.  相似文献   

Reduction of urinary nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry by feeding a low protein diet supplemented with apple pomace to growing pigs     

Akemi YAMAMOTO  Minoru ITOH  Yoshikatsu KADOYA  Hirokazu KANNO  Michi YAMADA  Shu FURUYA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(4):301-304

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing a reduced crude protein (CP) diet with apple pomace on the urinary nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry in the growing pigs. Four barrows (35 kg bodyweight) were assigned to one of two diets. Each pig was placed in a metabolism cage and fed a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet (CP 11.33%; low CP diet) or a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet containing 23.08% dried apple pomace (CP 9.47%; apple pomace diet) for two 14-day experimental periods. After the completion of the first period, the pigs were switched to the other diet. Urine and feces were quantitatively collected daily for 5 days after a 9-day adaptation period. The daily nitrogen intake for the low CP diet and the apple pomace diet was 17.76 g/pig and 18.64 g/pig, respectively. The pigs fed the apple pomace diet excreted more fecal nitrogen (6.86 g/day) than the pigs fed the low CP diet (3.63 g/day) ( P  < 0.001), but urinary nitrogen excretion with the apple pomace diet was 3.11 g/day, which was much lower than that for the low CP diet (5.95 g/day) ( P  < 0.001). The daily ammonia emission from the mixture of urine and feces determined by an in vitro method was much lower for pigs fed the apple pomace diet (120 mg) than that for pigs fed the low CP diet (603 mg) ( P  < 0.01). The addition of apple pomace to a reduced CP, amino acid-supplemented diet reduces urinary nitrogen excretion and thereby ammonia emission.  相似文献   

Oversight probability in presence–absence sampling for detection of fish eggs     

Sakutaro  YAMADA  Hiromu  ZENITANI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):804-811

ABSTRACT:   Presence–absence sampling (PAS) is a sampling technique that observes only the presence or absence of objects, such as eggs, in sampling units. The purpose of the present paper was to study the oversight probability in a PAS study for detecting fish eggs in connection with the spatial distribution of eggs. It was shown that the oversight probability of presence of eggs under no-eggs observation is a monotone decreasing function of the parameter of the degree of contagion.  相似文献   

The fate of sodium 2-phenylphenate and biphenyl applied to citrus fruit in wax coatings     

Anna Rajzman  Hana Heller 《Pest management science》1972,3(4):457-463

The fate of the fungicide in stored citrus fruit treated with wax coatings containing either sodium 2-phenylphenate (SOPP) or biphenyl was studied. The 2-phenylphenol content of SOPP—treated fruits was virtually unchanged during storage, was localised in the peel and could not be detected in the vapour phase. The persistence of this fungicide on fruit is in accord with the satisfactory results obtained with SOPP waxes. Biphenyl volatilised from biphenyl-waxed fruit at rates reflecting the conditions of storage. The volatilisation of biphenyl accounts for the protective action of biphenyl-waxes and their time limited effect.  相似文献   

Blood coagulation times in the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus)     

Pikula J  Adam V  Bandouchova H  Beklova M  Horakova J  Horakova H  Kizek R  Krizkova S  Skocovska B  Supalkova V  Svoboda M  Tremi F  Vitula F 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(4):361-363

Background:  Many causes of mortality in the European brown hare, such as bacterial and viral infections, anticoagulant poisoning, and trauma, may result in hemorrhage. There are, however, no reference values concerning blood clotting in this species.  Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine reference values for blood coagulation times and related parameters in healthy European brown hares.  Methods:  Blood samples from 30 clinically healthy adult hares (15 males and 15 females) were obtained. Hares were physically restrained for blood collection from the cephalic vein into tubes containing citrate and EDTA.  Results:  Mean ± SD were obtained for thrombin time (TT) (13.97 ± 1.37 seconds), prothrombin time (PT) (13.32 ± 2.15 seconds), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (16.73 ± 1.86 seconds), fibrinogen concentration (2.98 ± 1.06 g/L), and platelet count (355.28 ± 128.73 × 10⁹/L). Conclusions: Reference values for blood coagulation times and other parameters associated with blood clotting will be useful in the laboratory evaluation of hemorrhage in the European brown hare.  相似文献   

Further investigation of risk elements content in the bones of wild rodents from a polluted area in Slovakia     

Monika Martiniakova  Radoslav Omelka  Birgit Grosskopf  Hana Duranova  Robert Stawarz  Ivan Balaz 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Wild rodents are suitable for monitoring environmental pollution and exposure risk assessment for people living in contaminated areas. The content of selected risk elements in the femora of bank vole (Myodes glareolus), yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) was estimated from the Kolíňany area of Slovakia, which is characterized by a high degree of environmental pollution. The rodents were trapped in February 2011 using standard theriological methods. All animals (n = 32) were adult males in good physical condition. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni in their bones were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Results

The highest concentrations of Fe and Cu were detected in the bones of yellow-necked mouse. Significant differences were observed for the content of Fe between A. flavicollis and M. glareolus (P < 0.05). The highest levels of Zn and Ni were found in the femora of wood mouse; however, significant differences were not detected between the rodents. Moreover, the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Ni were significantly higher in the bones of all three species (P < 0.05) in comparison with the values obtained in the same animal species at the same site in February 2007.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate an increased accumulation of Cu, Zn and Ni in the femora of M. glareolus, A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus from the Kolíňany area and thus indicate towards ongoing contamination of this locality.  相似文献   

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy coincided with the cardiac fibrosis in the inner muscle layer of the left ventricular wall in a boxer dog     

Naoaki YAMADA  Takashi KITAMORI  Fumiyo KITAMORI  Kanako ISHIGAMI  Koji IWANAGA  Taiki ITOU  Ryosuke KOBAYASHI  Shino KUMABE  Takuya DOI  Junko SATO  Yumi WAKO  Minoru TSUCHITANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1299-1303

A 7-year-old female boxer dog died suddenly without any clinical signs. It was suspected that the dog had arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) due to ventricular premature complexes and ventricular tachycardia at 3 years of age. The final diagnosis of ARVC was confirmed by histological characteristics, such as loss of cardiocytes and fibrofatty replacement, occurring in the right and left ventricular walls. In the cardiocytes, non-lipid vacuoles were observed. Cardiac fibrosis and intimal thickening of the small arteries occurred without fatty replacement in the inner muscle layer including the papillary muscles of the left ventricular wall. This paper describes the pathomorphological details of an ARVC case with coincidental cardiac fibrosis in the inner muscle layer of the left ventricular wall.  相似文献   

An intracytoplasmic injection of deionized bovine serum albumin immediately after somatic cell nuclear transfer enhances full-term development of cloned mouse embryos     

Yuuki ISAJI  Koki YOSHIDA  Hiroshi IMAI  Masayasu YAMADA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(6):503-510

In mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is typically included in the nuclear donor injection medium. However, the cytotoxicity of PVP, which is injected into the cytoplasm of oocytes, has recently become a cause of concern. In the present study, we determined whether bovine serum albumin deionized with an ion-exchange resin treatment (d-BSA) was applicable to the nuclear donor injection medium in SCNT as an alternative to PVP. The results obtained showed that d-BSA introduced into the cytoplasm of an enucleated oocyte together with a donor nucleus significantly enhanced the rate of in vitro development of cloned embryos to the blastocyst stage compared with that of a conventional nuclear injection with PVP in SCNT. We also defined the enhancing effects of d-BSA on the blastocyst formation rate when d-BSA was injected into the cytoplasm of oocytes reconstructed using the fusion method with a hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope before oocyte activation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the injected d-BSA increased the acetylation levels of histone H3 lysine 9 and histone H4 lysine 12 in cloned pronuclear (PN) and 2-cell embryos. The injection of d-BSA before oocyte activation also increased the production of cloned mouse offspring. These results suggested that intracytoplasmic injection of d-BSA into SCNT oocytes before oocyte activation was beneficial for enhancing the in vitro and in vivo development of mouse cloned embryos through epigenetic modifications to nuclear reprogramming.  相似文献   

A relatively simple scaling method for describing the unsaturated hydraulic functions of stony soils          下载免费PDF全文

Hana Hlaváčiková  Viliam Novák 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(4):560-565

Few if any methods exist to estimate the effects of stone content (stoniness) on the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. A relatively simple scaling method is presented to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated stony soils having different stone contents. A key assumption of the method is that van Genuchten's water retention parameters α and n of the fine soil fraction are the same as those of the stony soil. The method further assumes a linearly decreasing relationship between the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the stone content, based on previous numerical simulations. Using the proposed method, it is possible to calculate the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated stony soils, knowing the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the fine soil fraction, the retention curve of the fine soil fraction, and the particular stoniness of the soil.  相似文献