Local Control of Microdomain Orientation in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films with Electric Fields     

TL Morkved  M Lu  AM Urbas  EE Ehrichs  HM Jaeger  P Mansky  TP Russell 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5277):931-933

Local control of the domain orientation in diblock copolymer thin films can be obtained by the application of electric fields on micrometer-length scales. Thin films of an asymmetric polystyrene-polymethylmethacrylate diblock copolymer, with cylindrical polymethylmethacrylate microdomains, were spin-coated onto substrates previously patterned with planar electrodes. The substrates, 100-nanometer-thick silicon nitride membranes, allow direct observation of the electrodes and the copolymer domain structure by transmission electron microscopy. The cylinders aligned parallel to the electric field lines for fields exceeding 30 kilovolts per centimeter, after annealing at 250°C in an inert atmosphere for 24 hours. This technique could find application in nanostructure fabrication.  相似文献   

Amplification of acidic protease virulence gene (aprV2) in samples from footrot lesions did not help in diagnosis of clinical virulent footrot in affected sheep flocks in New South Wales     

AM Collins  BG Bowring 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(7):298-304

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Finding the appropriate referent for vitamin D     

Heaney RP 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(4):749-750

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Last occurrence and survival during winter of the arbovirus vector Culicoides brevitarsis at the southern limits of its distribution     

AL BISHOP  IM BARCHIA  AM HARRIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(2):53-55

SUMMARY: Linear regression analysis was used to describe the decline in numbers of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer into winter with monthly maximum, average and minimum temperatures at the southern limits to its distribution in New South Wales. From this, low temperature thresholds were derived when C brevitarsis would be absent from the field. The low minimum threshold ± 2 SE (95% Confidence Interval) of 8.1 ± 0.3°C was used with historical temperature data to estimate the last month that the species should occur (March to June) and the mean number of months (2 to 6.5) below the threshold at 17 selected sites. Probability for survival during winter at these sites was estimated from years when the number of consecutive months below the threshold was ≤ 2 months. This varied from zero to 51% depending on the location of the site. Last occurrence was 0.7 months later on average and absolute probabilities for survival ranged from zero to 100% when the temperatures were increased by an arbitrary 2°C.  相似文献   

Use of magnetic particles to improve the diagnosis of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever by polymerase chain reaction     

TM ELLIS  AM MASTERS 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(7):520-521

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Inheritance of active and acquired immunity traits in sheep     

P L Berggren-Thomas  S Kaattari  W D Hohenboken  J N Shrestha  D P Heaney 《Journal of animal science》1987,64(5):1302-1312

Six hundred sixteen ewes of six strains were inoculated twice with ovalbumin in Freunds' incomplete adjuvant. To quantify the humoral immune response to the foreign antigen, blood samples were collected from all ewes 1 wk post-second injection. Blood samples were also collected between 4 and 40 h of age from their 709 lambs, to examine genetic differences in ability of lambs to acquire maternal anti-ovalbumin antibodies. Titers of anti-ovalbumin antibodies were determined using kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Strain did not affect ewe immune response, but sire within strain was highly significant. In pregnant ewes, anti-ovalbumin antibody titers in 12- and 30-mo-old ewes were higher than those in 21-mo-old ewes. Number of lambs in utero did not significantly affect ewe immune response. Heritabilities of anti-ovalbumin titer from a paternal half-sib analysis were .27 +/- .17 for all ewes and .57 +/- .25 for only the pregnant ewes. The effect of strain of lamb on lamb anti-ovalbumin titer approached significance, and sire within strain was highly significant. Lamb anti-ovalbumin antibody concentration increased as time from birth to blood sampling increased to 18 h but declined thereafter. The size of the litter in which a lamb was born had a highly significant effect on the lamb's acquired immunity, with titer decreasing as litter size increased. The heritability estimate for lamb anti-ovalbumin antibody concentration from a paternal half-sib analysis was .38 +/- .11; it was .28 +/- .15 from the sire variance component of a full-sib analysis. When lamb titer was considered a maternal trait (lambs nested within their maternal grandsires within strains), the maternal grandsire variance component was negative. The average anti-ovalbumin antibody concentration of lambs that died between blood sample collection and 120 d of age was less than the average antibody concentration of lambs that survived (P less than .01).  相似文献   

Isolation of Nocardia mexicana from focal proliferative tenosynovitis and arthritis in a steer          下载免费PDF全文

H Owen  K Buckle  J Olm  M Leitner  S Pandey  JB Gaughan  ML Sullivan  AM Lees  JS Gibson 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(5):170-173

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Flea (Ctenocephalides felis) control efficacy of topical indoxacarb on dogs subsequently bathed with a chlorhexidine–ketoconazole shampoo          下载免费PDF全文

RD Armstrong  JE Liebenberg  K Heaney  F Guerino 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(8):293-294

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Fermented liquid feed for pigs: an ancient technique for the future     

Joris AM Missotten  Joris Michiels  Jeroen Degroote  Stefaan De Smet 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,6(1)

Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:4. By mixing with water, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol which reduces the pH of the mixture. This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed. In addition, when this low pH mixture is fed, it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. For piglets, the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water, which may facilitate an easier transition from sow’s milk to solid feed. Secondly, offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens. Finally, feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs, weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs. In this review, current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed. This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health, intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance.  相似文献   

Planet Within a Planet: Rotation of the Inner Core of Earth     

W Su  AM Dziewonski  R Jeanloz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5294):1883-1887

The time dependence of the orientation of Earth's inner core relative to the mantle was determined using a recently discovered 10-degree tilt in the axis of symmetry of the inner core's seismic-velocity anisotropy. Two methods of analyzing travel-time variations for rays traversing the inner core, on the basis of 29 years of data from the International Seismological Centre (1964-1992), reveal that the inner core appears to rotate about 3 degrees per year faster than the mantle. An anomalous variation in inner-core orientation from 1969 to 1973 coincides in time with a sudden change ("jerk") in the geomagnetic field.  相似文献