Occurrence of Bordetella avium sp. nov. and Bordetella bronchiseptica in birds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K H Hinz  G Glünder 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1985,98(11):369-373

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Augenerkrankungen bei Hühnern im Zusammenhang mit Mycoplasma-Infektionen*     

S. Matthes  K.-H. Hinz 《Zoonoses and public health》1970,17(9):935-942

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from animals: considerations concerning the predefinition of breakpoints from the clinical pharmacological viewpoint     

Kietzmann M  Böttner A  Hafez HM  Kehrenberg C  Klarmann D  Krabisch P  Kühn T  Luhofer G  Richter A  Schwarz S  Traeder W  Waldmann KH  Wallmann J  Werckenthin C;Arbeitsgruppe "Antibiotikaresistenz" der Deutschen Veterinärmedizinischen;Gesellschaft eV 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(3-4):81-87

In vitro susceptibility tests are performed to receive information for selecting the most suitable antibacterial agent. As result of in vitro susceptibility tests, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicates bacteria as resistant or sensitive. To determine MIC, therapeutically relevant breakpoints have to be defined. Microbiological criteria, chemical and physical characteristics as well as pharmacokinetic and toxicological (tolerance) properties of the antimicrobial compounds have to be considered in the selection of the therapeutic agent in addition to clinical experiences. Using some concentration and time dependent antibiotics as examples, it is demonstrated that the above mentioned criteria are not sufficiently considered in currently defined breakpoints.  相似文献   

Results from a German interlaboratory test to establish the broth microdilution method for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of bacteria from animals     

Wallmann J  Böttner A  Hafez HM  Kehrenberg C  Kietzmann M  Klarmann D  Klein G  Krabisch P  Kühn T  Luhofer G  Richter A  Schwarz S  Sigge C  Traeder W  Waldmann KH  Werckenthin C  Zschiesche E 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(5-6):205-213

In accordance with NCCLS guideline M31-A2, the DVG working group "antimicrobial resistance" developed a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution. This SOP was evaluated for its fitness for use in a national interlaboratory test. A total of 32 participating laboratories tested five strains (including two internationally accepted reference strains and three field strains representing in total three different bacterial species) three times at a one week interval each, using uniform microtitre plates. In 31 of the 32 laboratories more than 80% of MIC determinations performed yielded values in the expected range. In total 94.0% of the results were reproducible, with a lesser deviation of 4.0% from the expected values for laboratories performing MIC determination as a matter of routine (46.9%), compared to 7.9% for laboratories without such routine (53.1%). Comparing the consistency of results on the basis of the tested strains, a higher reproducibility of the results was observed for reference strains (96.1%) than for field strains (92.6%). In particular results obtained for the Streptococcus uberis field strain were afflicted with a higher error ratio (98 deviations from the expected values). Among the tested antimicrobial agents, a higher variability of results was recorded only for gentamicin with 16.7% divergent MIC determinations (mean value 6.0%). The high reproducibility of the results confirmed by this interlaboratory study underlines the robustness of the developed SOP as well as broth microdilutions as the method of choice for MIC determina tion.  相似文献   

Cross-resistance between antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine: molecular background and practical consequences for susceptibility testing     

Werckenthin C  Böttner A  Hafez HM  Hartmann K  Kaske M  Kehrenberg C  Kietzmann M  Klarmann D  Klein G  Krabisch P  Kühn T  Luhofer G  Richter A  Schulz B  Schwarz S  Sigge C  Traeder W  Waldmann KH  Wallmann J;Arbeitsgruppe "Antibiotikarsistenz" der Deutschen Veterinärmedizinischen Gesellschaft 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(11-12):471-480

Phenotypic resistance of veterinary pathogens to more than one antimicrobial agent (multi-resistance) may be caused by intrinsic resistance to the antimicrobial agents, acquired cross-resistance, or acquired co-resistance. Known cross-resistances allow to select so-called "representative substances" which are tested and the results of which can also be regarded as being valid for other members of the same class of antimicrobial agents. In general, a limitation in the number of antimicrobial agents to be tested in routine diagnostics is necessary because of capacity and cost efficiency. This is of particular relevance when the broth microdilution method - recommended as the method of choice - with 96-well microtiter plates is used. The knowledge about the relationship between different resistance phenotypes and the corresponding resistance mechanisms is of major value for both, the laboratory personnel and the veterinary practitioner. This review explains how "representative substances" for the most relevant classes of antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine are chosen on the basis of known cross-resistances.  相似文献   

Study of the virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in finishing pigs as a basis for vaccination development     

Hennig-Pauka I  Baltes N  Jacobsen I  Stratmann-Selke J  Gerlach GF  Selbitz HJ  Waldmann KH 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(5-6):189-197

For vaccine licensing data about efficiency and duration of protection are essential. Within the scope of the developement of a new subunit vaccine against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A.pp.) the protective efficiency over the whole length of the fattening period must be proven. This required infection experiments in finishing pigs. Eight pigs in the age of six months were infected experimentally into the trachea with an A.pp. serotyp 2 strain. To our knowledge data about the susceptibility of pigs of this age do not exist, so that the infectious dose for pigs of this age and this route of infection had to be determined. Two pigs each were infected with different doses of 10(10), 6 x 10(5), 8 x 10(3) and 2 x 10(3) CFU (colony forming units). The aim of the study was to produce a typical pleuropneumonia with fever and severe respiratory symptoms as well as characteristic pathomorphological lung alterations without loss of animals during the acute stage of infection. The pathogen should be cultivated from lung tissue. The recommended dose for testing the efficiency of vaccines turned out to be approximately 10(3) CFU A.pp. serotyp 2.  相似文献   

Über den Einfluß von wiederholter Ammoniumnitrat-Düngung auf Substrat, Ernährungszustand und Wachstum junger Fichten(Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in den Hochlagen des Bayerischen Waldes — Ergebnisse eines Container-Experiments     

Claudia Wölfle  Karl-Heinz Häberle  Christian Kölling  K. E. Rehfuess 《European Journal of Forest Research》2000,119(1-6):114-127

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Metabolite profiling of maize kernels--genetic modification versus environmental influence     

Frank T  Röhlig RM  Davies HV  Barros E  Engel KH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(12):3005-3012

A metabolite profiling approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to investigate the metabolite profiles of genetically modified (GM) Bt-maize (DKC78-15B, TXP 138F) and Roundup Ready-maize (DKC78-35R). For the comparative investigation of the impact of genetic modification versus environmental influence on the metabolite profiles, GM maize was grown together with the non-GM near-isogenic comparators under different environmental conditions, including several growing locations and seasons in Germany and South Africa. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between GM and non-GM maize grown in Germany and South Africa. For the factor genotype, 4 and 3%, respectively, of the total number of peaks detected by GC-MS showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in peak heights as compared to the respective isogenic lines. However, ANOVA for the factor environment (growing location, season) revealed higher numbers of significant differences (p < 0.01) between the GM and the non-GM maize grown in Germany (42%) and South Africa (10%), respectively. This indicates that the majority of differences observed are related to natural variability rather than to the genetic modifications. In addition, multivariate data assessment by means of principal component analysis revealed that environmental factors, that is, growing locations and seasons, were dominant parameters driving the variability of the maize metabolite profiles.  相似文献   

Bestimmung von Pflanzenparametern mit Hilfe von digitalen Farbbildern für eine sensorgesteuerte Applikation von Fungiziden in Getreide     

Karl-Heinz Dammer  Anton Ustyuzhanin  Matthias Hoffmann  André Hamdorf  Maria Tackenberg  Andreas Garz 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2013,65(4):161-167

Camera-sensors offer a non-contacting and non-destructive measurement of the canopy. The equipment is easy to fix on tractors or field sprayers. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the relationship of the sensor signal and the four plant parameters LAI, fresh mass, stems/m² and plant height. Using image analysis tools the coverage level of the green biomass as sensor signal was calculated. In the case of a fungicide application the green plant mass has to be protected against fungi attacks. By the help of regression analysis a strong linear correlation was found between the coverage level and the four plant parameters. This relationship enables for a linear adaptation of the application amount on the local differences of the plant parameters while spraying.  相似文献   

Evaluation of dsRNA delivery methods for targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF in RNAi-based aphid control     

Liu  Shaoshuai  Ladera-Carmona  Maria Jose  Poranen  Minna M.  van Bel  Aart J. E.  Kogel  Karl-Heinz  Imani  Jafargholi 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(5):1201-1212

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Macrophage migration inhibitory factors (MIFs) are multifunctional proteins regulating major processes in mammals, including activation of innate immune...  相似文献