Analysis of Public Employment Impact Multipliers in Depressed Areas     

JACOB DE ROOY 《Growth and change》1980,11(2):32-38

  相似文献   

Colostral immunoglobulin concentrations in Holstein and Guernsey cows.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J W Tyler  B J Steevens  D E Hostetler  J M Holle  J L Denbigh 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(9):1136-1139

OBJECTIVE: To compare the concentration of IgG in colostrum between Holstein and Guernsey cows and among cows of various lactations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Colostrum samples from 77 Holstein and 24 Guernsey cows. PROCEDURE: Colostrum samples were obtained from 101 cows. Colostral IgG concentration was determined, using a radial immunodiffusion assay. Regression analysis was used to determine the effect of breed and lactation number on colostral IgG concentration. Survival analysis and t-tests were used to compare the proportion of colostrum samples that would provide 100 g of IgG for various volumes of colostral intake. RESULTS: Guernsey cows produced 36.4 g of IgG/L of colostrum more than that of Holstein cows. Cows in the third or greater lactation produced 19.5 g of IgG/L of colostrum more than that of first-lactation cows. The IgG concentration of colostrum produced by second-lactation cows did not differ significantly from that produced by first-lactation cows. The colostral IgG concentration of these Holstein and Guernsey cows was higher than values that have been reported elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Volume of colostrum needed to meet IgG intake goals is probably lower for Guernsey cows than Holstein cows. Colostrum from first-lactation cows was adequate in IgG content. The practice of discarding colostrum from first-lactation cows on the basis of inadequate IgG content was not justified in this study.  相似文献   

Growth and metabolic responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed different levels of protein and lipid     

L.C. DE ALMEIDA  I.M. AVILEZ  C.A. HONORATO  T.S.F. HORI  G. MORAES 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e253-e262

Growth and metabolism were investigated in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed with isoenergetic diets in four treatments with protein (P) lipid (L) in g kg^?1: P350L49; P301L81; P253L113 and P205L145, respectively. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory facilities. Fish growth, the intermediary metabolites (total sugar, lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, protein, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, amino acids and glycogen), and the enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were assayed. Fish from treatments P350L49 and P301L81 depicted the best growth. Increase in glycolytic, glycogenolytic and lipolytic activities in liver was observed following dietary lipid increase. In fish fed with high lipid levels, the energetic demand was supplied by enhancement of muscular glycogenesis and lipolysis. The plasma metabolic profile reflected the blood function on metabolites delivery to tissues underlining biochemical adaptations because of changes in the feeding. In conclusion, the increase in dietary lipid plus protein decrease resulted in (i) reduction in fish growth, (ii) augment of liver glycolysis and glycogenolysis (iii) increase in muscular glycogenesis and (iv) predominance of lipolytic metabolism.  相似文献   

Effect of masking organoleptic properties of fat on diet self‐selection by the sparid Diplodus puntazzo     

P.F. ALMAIDA‐PAGÁN  M.D. HERNÁNDEZ  J.A. MADRID  J. DE COSTA  P. MENDIOLA 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e48-e55

Fish are able to select a balanced diet according to their nutritional needs by choosing among incomplete feeds or even pure macronutrients. However, the relevance of both the organoleptic properties of diet and the postingestive signals that they produce remains unclear. Thus, sharpsnout seabream were allowed to select between diets containing different edible oils with their organoleptic properties masked by using gelatine capsules. Fish were fed capsules of two different colours so that they could associate the capsule colour with its corresponding postingestive effect. The longitudinal experiment included a first phase during which the fish were adapted to consuming the gelatine capsules. In a second phase, the fish were challenged with two different encapsulated diets: one comprising a complete diet containing fish oil and the other a fat‐free diet. Sharpsnout seabream showed a preference for the fish oil capsules (3.8 ± 1.1 g kg^?1 body weight (BW), 66.8% of total intake) over the fat‐free capsules, showing that they were able to associate the colour of the capsule with their nutritional content through postingestive signals. After that, the fish were challenged to select between the capsules containing the fish oil diet and capsules containing a vegetable oil (linseed or soybean), in which case they showed no preference between diets (2.4 ± 0.3: 2.1 ± 0.5 g kg^?1 BW of fish oil versus linseed oil capsules and 2.2 ± 0.2: 1.8 ± 0.6 g kg^?1 BW of fish oil versus soybean oil capsules), indicating that the fatty acid composition of the different oils was not sufficient to affect dietary selection through postingestive signals. So, in conclusion, when orosensorial information from food is absent, the fish are able to select between diets at a macronutrient level by using postingestive information. However, this information is not sufficient for distinguishing between diets that differ in the type of oil used.  相似文献   

Effects of Soluble Silicate and Nanosilica Application on Rice Nutrition in an Oxisol     

Rita de Cassia F&#;LIX ALVAREZ  Renato de Mello PRADO  Guilherme FELISBERTO  Ang&#;lica Cristina FERNANDES DEUS  Raimundo Leonardo LIMA DE OLIVEIRA 《土壤圈》2018,28(4):597-606

Silicon(Si) has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce Si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid Si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate(115.2 g L~(-1) Si and 60.5 g L~(-1) Na_2O) and nanosilica( 200 nm), on Si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C:N:P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at Si doses of 0, 605, 1 210,and 2 420 g ha~(-1). Plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, Si, N, and P accumulation,physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid Si increased Si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control(0 g ha~(-1) Si), regardless of the Si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. Silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation(increased by 1.83%) and transpiration rates(increased by 48.3%);however, Si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a Si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles;however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.  相似文献   

室内三种富营养模拟条件下水流调控对羊栖菜和石莼生长及生物质合成的影响     

于琰  WERNBERG Thomas  DE BETTIGNIES Thibaut  潘耀茹  李超  林芳  周朝生  黄志行  吴嘉平  肖溪 《浙江农业学报》2018,30(8):1398

大型海藻养殖是一种低成本、高效、环保的水体富营养化生物修复方法,而水流则是影响大型海藻生长的一个重要因素。研究结果表明,水流交换率为200 vol·d^-1时,羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)比生长率最高达(4.34±0.11) %·d^-1,而水流交换率为100 vol·d^-1、中高浓度营养盐条件下石莼(Ulva pertusa)比生长率最大值分别可达(6.31±1.42) %·d^-1、(8.00±0.79) %·d^-1,营养盐浓度决定了两种大型海藻的生长率,石莼更适宜在高营养盐环境中生长。石莼体内叶绿素a、可溶性蛋白和可溶性碳水化合物在不同应用情境间均存在明显差异,而羊栖菜体内仅可溶性蛋白表现出明显变化。水流交换的增强明显改变了石莼的生长和羊栖菜可溶性碳水化合物含量。陆基中试实验表明,与低水流速度相比,中、高流速条件下羊栖菜的比生长率分别增加80%、14%,石莼则分别增加41.3%、33.3%。  相似文献   

嗜热链球菌产酸特性及其发酵乳中有机酸组分分析     

陈红霞  德亮亮  任艳  张冬蕾  杨彦荣  刘文俊  张和平 《乳业科学与技术》2015,38(2):1-5

选取实验室分离自自然发酵乳制品中的5株嗜热链球菌菌株为研究对象,进行单菌株发酵酸乳,在发酵期间和酸乳4℃贮藏504 h阶段,分别测定菌株发酵时间、滴定酸度、pH值、活菌数以及采用反相高效液相色谱法测定有机酸含量变化,研究嗜热链球菌发酵产酸特性及其酸乳贮藏期间后酸化及其有机酸组分的变化特性。结果表明：在42℃发酵期间,5株菌在发酵2h后pH值迅速下降,达到发酵终点时间在5～9h,发酵时间最短的是菌株IMAU10632和IMAU20772。在4℃贮藏504h期间,5株菌的pH值下降幅度在0.5左右,最终pH值稳定在4.2左右,产酸速度均较缓慢,均表现出嗜热链球菌后酸化能力弱的特点,且酸度值均在90oT以下。初步筛选出一株菌株IMAU10632,凝乳时间短、产酸速率快、后酸化能力较弱,在4℃贮藏期间活菌数维持在108CFU/mL以上。  相似文献   

人工增温条件下不同氮素形态比对重齿风毛菊气体交换及其群落生物量的影响     

吴楚  芦光新  德科加  张明  王军邦 《草地学报》2015,23(6):1129-1135

在青藏高原三江源区草地上,以开顶式温棚模拟增温,在其内部施用不同形态氮素(硝态氮和氨态氮)比例的氮肥,对重齿风毛菊(Saussurea katochaete)的光合速率、叶绿素荧光及其群落总生物量进行研究,旨在为人工管理草场施肥提供指导。结果表明:重齿风毛菊的光合速率随硝态氮比例增加而下降,气孔导度则增加。其他气体交换参数没有规律性变化。光系统II(PSII)光化学量子产量(Φ_PSII)在硝态氮比例为0%时最大,非光化学瘁灭(NPQ)则随硝态氮比例增大而增大。重齿风毛菊所在群落的总生物量在硝态氮和氨态氮比例平衡时达到最大。结果表明不同比例氮素施肥会对青藏高原草甸植物的净光合速率和群落总生物量产生影响。  相似文献   

Localization of Oestrogen Receptors in the Epididymis During Sexual Maturation of the Domestic Cat     

J Schön  S Neumann  DE Wildt  BS Pukazhenthi  K Jewgenow 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):294-301

Oestrogens are involved in regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation and are essential for male fertility. To study the role of oestrogens on epididymal function in the domestic cat, we analyzed the localization patterns of oestrogen receptors (ERs) within the epididymis of juvenile, pubertal and adults using immunohistochemistry. Cat epididymal tissues obtained during routine castrations were fixed in chilled Bouin's solution and processed for immunohistochemistry with ER-specific antibodies. For a certain receptor type, ER localization was influenced by donor age. In the juvenile epididymis, ERα was localized in the nuclei of epithelial cells of efferent ducts and undifferentiated epithelium of the ductus epididymis. During puberty, ERα localization in the undifferentiated epithelium of the epididymis shifted from the nuclei to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Oestrogen receptor-α level was highest in the pubertal and adult epididymis, especially within the cytoplasm and in plasma membranes of caput epithelial cells. This finding was suggestive of a role in fluid reabsorption within the efferent ducts and the epididymis. In corpus and cauda regions, ERα was less abundant, suggesting a minor role for oestrogens in sperm storage areas. Interestingly, localization of ERβ was neither influenced by age nor location within the epididymis and was ubiquitous throughout. Results demonstrate that oestrogen actions within the epididymis may be predominantly mediated through ERα during sexual maturation in the domestic cat.  相似文献   

Follicular Morphology, Oocyte Diameter and Localisation of Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Domestic Dog Ovary     

N Songsasen  A Fickes  BS Pukazhenthi  DE Wildt 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):65-70

  相似文献