Confirmation of vertical transmission of bovine immunodeficiency virus in naturally infected dairy cattle using the polymerase chain reaction.     

Cary A Moody  G Todd Pharr  Joey Murphey  Marian B Hughlett  Carroll C Weaver  Phillip D Nelson  Karen S Coats 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(2):113-119

The purpose of this study was to determine whether bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is vertically transmitted in naturally infected dairy cattle. Twenty-two dam/calf pairs from a Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station dairy were the study group. Blood samples were collected following delivery of calves, the peripheral blood leukocytes were purified from these samples, and the leukocyte DNA was used in polymerase chain reactions targeting the pol gene region of the BIV provirus. Southern blotting and hybridization were used to confirm the BIV specificity of the amplified fragments. BIV provirus was detected in 14 of 22 calves (64%), demonstrating vertical transmission. Eight of the calves were disqualified from the final interpretation of transplacental transfer because they may have nursed their mothers prior to blood collection, allowing the possibility of lactogenic transfer of the virus. Transplacental transmission of BIV was identified in 6 of 22 calves (27%).  相似文献   

Severe hematometra in a dog with cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra complex.     

Mark T Troxel  Angelyn M Cornetta  Karen F Pastor  Lori E Hartzband  Michael F Besancon 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(1):85-89

An 18-month-old, intact female German shepherd dog was presented for evaluation of severe, frank hemorrhage from the vulva. A complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis supported acute hemorrhage. Abdominal radiographs were unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated that the uterine body and cranial vaginal lumen were fluid-filled and contained hyperechoic, polypoid masses that were suspected to be blood clots. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a mildly enlarged uterus with a diffuse, cystic endometrium; significant amounts of blood and blood clots within the lumen; and several focal accumulations of yellow fluid presumed to be a purulent exudate. Histopathology confirmed severe, cystic, endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra complex.  相似文献   

Investigations on genetically modified maize (Bt-maize) in pig nutrition: chemical composition and nutritional evaluation.     

T Reuter  Karen Aulrich  A Berk  G Flachowsky 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(1):23-31

The objective of the present study was to determine the composition and the nutritional value of parental and transgenic maize seeds fed to pigs. The parental maize line was genetically modified to incorporate a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) expressing a toxin against the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). Both (parental and transgenic) maize lines were analyzed for crude nutrients, starch, sugar, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), amino acids, fatty acids, as well as for selected minerals. Furthermore, four complete diets were mixed and were analyzed for the same nutrients and some selected ingredients. The diets contained 70% maize to attain a high effect level. To evaluate the feeding value of one variety of genetically modified maize (transgenic) compared to the feeding value of the unmodified maize (parental) line, a balance study with twelve pigs was designed. Three collecting periods were used for each maize line each with six animals. The collected faeces were analyzed for crude nutrients. All measured parameters were virtually the same (e.g. crude protein 11.59% vs. 11.06% in DM), especially the digestibility of crude protein (85.8 +/- 2.3% vs. 86.1 +/- 1.8%), the amount of nitrogen-free-extract (92.8 +/- 0.6% vs. 93.2 +/- 0.6%) and the metabolizable energy (15.7 +/- 0.2% vs. 15.8 +/- 0.2% MJ/kg DM) for both maize lines. Compared to the parental line, the chemical composition and digestibility of crude nutrients and energy content were not significantly affected by the genetic modification of maize. Therefore, from the view of a nutritional assessment, the genetically modified maize can be regarded as substantially equivalent to the parental maize line.  相似文献   

QUANTIFICATION OF CEREBRAL VENTRICULAR VOLUME IN ENGLISH BULLDOGS     

Charles H.  Vite  DVM  Erik K.  Insko  PhD  MD  Helena M.  Schotland  MD  Karen  Panckeri  BA  Joan C.  Hendricks  PhD  VMD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(6):437-443

Quantitative measurement of cerebral ventricle volume of eight English bulldogs was performed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The mean ventricular volume was 14.8 ml. with a range of 8.6 m1.-38.1 ml. The mean ventricular volume of two beagles was 2.2 ml with a range of 0.7 m1.3.7 ml. The percent of intracranial volume occupied by ventricle was found to be significantly larger in bulldogs (14.0%; S.D. = 7.9%) than in beagles (Range = 1.048%). The relationship between the percent of intracranial volume occupied by ventricle and measurements of body weight, age, sex, and various measures of skull anatomy of the bulldog was also determined. The relationship between ventricular volume and neurologic dysfunction was examined. There was a possible trend between high percent of intracranial volume occupied by ventricle and low body weight. This study will serve as a pilot study for examining the relationship between ventricular volume and neurologic disease in bulldogs.  相似文献   

Investigations on genetically modified maize (Bt-maize) in pig nutrition: fattening performance and slaughtering results.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T Reuter  Karen Aulrich  A Berk 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(5):319-326

A grower finisher performance trial with forty-eight pigs was designed to compare the growth performance of pigs fed diets containing either genetically modified (GM) Bt-maize (NX6262) or its parental maize (Prelude) line. During the experiment, the pigs were fed with a grower and a finisher diet both containing 70% maize investigated in a previously study which showed that they contained similar ME values and digestibility of crude nutrients. The pigs with an initial live weight of 23.9 +/- 3.0 kg were allotted to single boxes. During a 91 days growing period the pigs of both groups recorded equal performance in daily weight gain (AW) 815 +/- 93 vs. 804 +/- 64 g/d depending on equal amounts of feed intake 1.95 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.94 +/- 0.15 kg/d (parental vs. transgenic). The results confirm equal performance among growing-finishing pigs fed parental or genetically modified maize containing diets. For slaughtering the pigs were divided into 4 groups with a different duration of the finishing period. After slaughtering the carcass characteristic were registered.  相似文献   

Woodland habitat structures are affected by both agricultural land management and abiotic conditions     

Karen Ikin  Alessio Mortelliti  John Stein  Damian Michael  Mason Crane  Sachiko Okada  Jeff Wood  David Lindenmayer 《Landscape Ecology》2015,30(8):1387-1403

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Characterisation of agricultural drainage ditch sediments along the phosphorus transfer continuum in two contrasting headwater catchments     

Mairead Shore  Phil Jordan  Per-Erik Mellander  Mary Kelly-Quinn  Karen Daly  James Tom Sims  David P. Wall  Alice Rowena Melland 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(5):1643-1654

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Assessment of shoreline vegetation in relation to use by molting black brant Branta bernicla nigricans on the Alaska coastal plain     

Milton W. Weller  K.C. Jensen  Eric J. Taylor  Mark W. Miller  Karen S. Bollinger  Dirk V. Derksen  Daniel Esler  Carl Markon 《Biological conservation》1994,70(3):219-225

To evaluate the importance of large thaw lakes on the Alaska Coastal Plain for molting Pacific black brant Branta bernicla nigricans, distribution and life form of shoreline vegetation were assessed using several scales: satellite imagery, point-intercept transects, cover quadrats, and a parameter for water regime. Brant population and distribution estimates from aerial surveys were used to classify large lakes into high, moderate, and low use. Correlations between brant and abundance of their preferred feeding site — moss flats — were best demostrated by satellite imagery. Intercepts and cover ratings were not correlated, presumably because these techniques were less efficient at assessing area. General observations suggested that the presence of islands, large ice floes, and possibly other physical attributes of the habitat, influenced brant distribution. This area is unique because of low-lying, drained-lake basins that have ideal combinations of moss flats and large water areas where brant seek protection disturbance is vital to the success of this declining species because alternate habitats may not be available elsewhere on the Coastal Plain. in water or on ice floes. Protection of the area from  相似文献   

The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants     

Rensing SA  Lang D  Zimmer AD  Terry A  Salamov A  Shapiro H  Nishiyama T  Perroud PF  Lindquist EA  Kamisugi Y  Tanahashi T  Sakakibara K  Fujita T  Oishi K  Shin-I T  Kuroki Y  Toyoda A  Suzuki Y  Hashimoto S  Yamaguchi K  Sugano S  Kohara Y  Fujiyama A  Anterola A  Aoki S  Ashton N  Barbazuk WB  Barker E  Bennetzen JL  Blankenship R  Cho SH  Dutcher SK  Estelle M  Fawcett JA  Gundlach H  Hanada K  Heyl A  Hicks KA  Hughes J  Lohr M  Mayer K  Melkozernov A  Murata T  Nelson DR  Pils B  Prigge M  Reiss B  Renner T  Rombauts S  Rushton PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5859):64-69

We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments (e.g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses (e.g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics.  相似文献   

A muscleblind knockout model for myotonic dystrophy     

Kanadia RN  Johnstone KA  Mankodi A  Lungu C  Thornton CA  Esson D  Timmers AM  Hauswirth WW  Swanson MS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5652):1978-1980

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