Dispersal of vascular plants by game in northern Germany. Part I: Roe deer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capreolus capreolus</Emphasis>) and wild boar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sus scrofa</Emphasis>)     

Marcus?Schmidt  Kerstin?Sommer  Wolf-Ulrich?KriebitzschEmail author  Hermann?Ellenberg  Goddert?von?Oheimb 《European Journal of Forest Research》2004,123(2):167-176

The endozoochorous and epizoochorous dispersal of vascular plant species by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) was investigated in forest areas of Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony, Germany. The primary aim of this study was to learn about which plant species and in what numbers diaspores are dispersed by the two wild ungulate species. In particular, the significance of zoochory for species composition and biodiversity of forests was evaluated. Fresh faecal pellets were collected from April–November 2001 in the forests of the two study areas. In addition, the coats and hooves of shot roe deer and wild boar were brushed out. The number of viable seeds was determined by greenhouse germination (seedling emergence method). The samples were spread in trays over sterilized soil from the study forests and were kept under controlled conditions in the greenhouse for 12 months. A total of 2,473 individuals from 77 vascular plant species were recorded. While roe deer exceeded wild boar concerning seed contents in the faeces, the significance of roe deer for epizoochorous dispersal was relatively low compared with wild boar. An analysis of the habitat preference of the vascular plant species dispersed by the two ungulate species revealed a high proportion of species growing in forests as well as in the open landscape, and also of non-forest species, while woody plants and herbaceous species closely tied to forest habitats were severely underrepresented. We also discuss consequences for forest ecology and nature conservation.  相似文献   

Development of a real-time PCR method to detect potentially allergenic sesame (Sesamum indicum) in food     

Schöringhumer K  Cichna-Markl M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):10540-10547

Recent papers indicate that the prevalence of allergic reactions to sesame (Sesamum indicum) is increasing in European countries. This paper describes the development of a selective real-time PCR method for the detection of sesame in food. The assay did not show any cross-reactivity with 17 common food ingredients. The real-time PCR method was applied to determine sesame in several crackers, salty snacks, biscuits, tahina sesame paste and sesame oil. With the exception of sesame oil, in all of the samples where sesame was declared, sesame was detected by the real-time PCR assay (Ct value<35). In the samples which might contain sesame or where sesame was not listed, sesame could not be detected (Ct value>35).  相似文献   

Quantitative structure-activity relationships of pine weevil antifeedants, a multivariate approach     

Sunnerheim K  Nordqvist A  Nordlander G  Borg-Karlson AK  Unelius CR  Bohman B  Nordenhem H  Hellqvist C  Karlén A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(23):9365-9372

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Dietary intake of folate equivalents and risk of myocardial infarction in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)--Potsdam study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Drogan D  Klipstein-Grobusch K  Dierkes J  Weikert C  Boeing H 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(4):465-471

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between intake of dietary folate equivalents and risk of myocardial infarction in a German cohort. DESIGN: Intake of dietary folate equivalents was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between intake of dietary folate equivalents and risk of myocardial infarction. SETTING: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, Germany. SUBJECTS: Subjects were 22,245 apparently healthy non-users of vitamin supplements aged 35-64 years. RESULTS: During 4.6 years of follow-up, 129 incident cases of myocardial infarction were identified. Compared with intake below the median (103 microg), higher intake of dietary folate equivalents was associated with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36-0.91). The inverse association of folate intake and myocardial infarction risk was stronger in participants with an ethanol intake equal to or above the sex-specific median (HR=0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.79) and attenuated in those with a low ethanol intake (HR=0.67, 95% CI 0.37-1.22). CONCLUSION: An increased intake of dietary folate equivalents was observed to be associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction in a German study population, pointing towards the importance of folate intake with respect to primary prevention of myocardial infarction.  相似文献   

Serological prevalence of canine respiratory coronavirus     

Priestnall SL  Brownlie J  Dubovi EJ  Erles K 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,115(1-3):43-53

Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) has recently been detected in dogs; it is a group 2 coronavirus showing similarity to bovine coronavirus (BCoV) but is distinct from canine enteric coronavirus (CECoV). CRCoV may play an important role in canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) either by predisposing to further and potentially more serious viral and bacterial infections or possibly as a primary pathogen. The prevalence of serum antibodies to CRCoV, in a population of dogs in the south east of England, has been shown previously to be 30.1% on the first day of entry to a rehoming kennel [Erles, K., Toomey, C., Brooks, H.W., Brownlie, J., 2003. Detection of a group 2 coronavirus in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease. Virology 310, 216-223]. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of CRCoV in the general canine population within as well as outside the UK. An ELISA, used to test for the presence of antibodies to CRCoV in canine serum samples, identified seropositive dogs in UK, USA, Canada, Republic of Ireland and Greece. The development of an ELISA based on CRCoV antigen and immunofluorescence assay are described here. 54.7% (547/1000) of North American and 36.0% (297/824) of United Kingdom dogs were seropositive for CRCoV. The age and geographical distribution of seropositive dogs was also assessed. The cross-reactivity demonstrated between CRCoV antibodies from different countries and a UK viral isolate suggests immunological similarity. The overall prevalence of this virus in both North America and the UK suggests that CRCoV has international significance and that further epidemiological studies are required.  相似文献   

A common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity     

Herbert A  Gerry NP  McQueen MB  Heid IM  Pfeufer A  Illig T  Wichmann HE  Meitinger T  Hunter D  Hu FB  Colditz G  Hinney A  Hebebrand J  Koberwitz K  Zhu X  Cooper R  Ardlie K  Lyon H  Hirschhorn JN  Laird NM  Lenburg ME  Lange C  Christman MF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5771):279-283

Obesity is a heritable trait and a risk factor for many common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. We used a dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity. We have replicated the finding in four separate samples composed of individuals of Western European ancestry, African Americans, and children. The obesity-predisposing genotype is present in 10% of individuals. Our study suggests that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.  相似文献   

Differential expression of genes encoding CD30L and P-selectin in cattle with Johne's disease: progress toward a diagnostic gene expression signature     

Skovgaard K  Grell SN  Heegaard PM  Jungersen G  Pudrith CB  Coussens PM 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,112(3-4):210-224

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Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells     

Hoffmeyer K  Raggioli A  Rudloff S  Anton R  Hierholzer A  Del Valle I  Hein K  Vogt R  Kemler R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1549-1554

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Schmallenberg virus challenge models in cattle: infectious serum or culture-grown virus?     

Kerstin Wernike  Michael Eschbaumer  Angele Breithaupt  Bernd Hoffmann  Martin Beer 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):84

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), discovered in Europe in 2011, causes mild transient disease in adult ruminants, but fetal infection can lead to severe malformation in cattle, sheep and goats.To elucidate the pathogenesis of this novel orthobunyavirus, considerable efforts are required. A reliable and standardized infection model is essential for in vivo studies. In the present study, two groups of four cattle were inoculated with either serum passaged in cattle only or cell culture-grown virus. The replication of culture-grown SBV in cattle was reduced compared to virus inoculated via infectious serum. In a second experiment, the infectious serum was titrated in calves; the tested batch contained 10^2.83 infectious doses per mL. Hence, serum-borne virus that was only passaged in the natural host is a suitable option for a standardized SBV infection model.  相似文献   

Recovery of Fascioloides magna (Digenea) population in spite of treatment programme? Screening of Galba truncatula (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae) from Lower Austria     

Haider M  Hörweg C  Liesinger K  Sattmann H  Walochnik J 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(3-4):445-451

During the past decade, Fascioloides magna, the large American liver fluke, has spread within free-living deer in wetlands of the Danube in Lower Austria. The aim of this study was to determine the current infection rates with F. magna and other digenean parasites in the intermediate host snail Galba truncatula from risk areas in Lower Austria. A total of 3444 G. truncatula were collected and examined microscopically for the presence of digenean trematodes. A set of randomly selected snails and isolated trematode stages were also investigated molecular biologically by PCR and sequencing. Digenean parasites were detected with a prevalence of 2.41% (1.83% Paramphistomoidea; 0.46% Echinostomatoidea; 0.09% Strigeida; 0.06% Plagiorchiida). F. magna was found with an overall prevalence of 0.23%, which may indicate a recovery of the parasite population in spite of an ongoing triclabendazole treatment programme. Moreover, high risk areas and a seasonality of infections were observed.  相似文献