Effect of sowing time on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) growth and yield in central Korea     

Gun Ho Jung  Sun Lim Kim  Mi Jung Kim  Sung Kook Kim  Jeong Hwa Park  Chung Guk Kim  Sunggi Heu 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2015,18(4):285-291

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum MOENCH) is a traditional Korean crop that gaining global attention as a health food due to its rich nutrition. Climate change effects such as high temperature, cold weather, flooding, and drought induce plant stress, reduced production yield of upland crops. In general, buckwheat is grown during the fall season in Korea. Flooding is a severe environmental stress factor, and flooding during the early growth stage of buckwheat causes large reductions in yield. Therefore, we established optimum growth parameters to maximize buckwheat yield. The optimum temperature for harvesting of buckwheat was approximately 1,083 ~ 1,515°C. The number of growing degree days (G.D.D.) from flowering to harvest was 509 ~ 673°C. Plant hight, stem diameter, and dry matter weight were reduced as planting date was delayed (p < 0.05). We investigated buckwheat sowing time during fall, and established an optimum cropping system according to the local climate conditions in central Korea. The growth period of buckwheat cultivar ‘Yangjueol’ was approximately 56 ~ 60 days during fall, and yield was higher than that of cultivar ‘Daesan’. The results indicated that buckwheat yield in central Korea was maximized by sowing cultivar on 25th August and cultivar ‘Daesan’ on 15th August. The yield of Yangjeol sown in spring was 119 kg 10a^-1, whereas the yield of Daesan sown in summer was 158kg 10a^-1. The results of this study established the effects of sowing time on growth and yield in central Korea. We propose an optimum cropping system for improving quality.  相似文献   

Effect of 7.5% hypertonic saline solution on whole blood coagulation in healthy dogs using thromboelastography     

Hye young Kim  Aryung Nam  Kun ho Song  Hwa young Youn  Kyoung won Seo 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(4):442-448

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Organization and promoter analysis of a tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon single WAP domain-containing protein gene     

Jyh Yih Chen  Chen Jian Chyi  Lin Sheng Hwa  Pan Chia Yu  Kuo Ching Ming 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(5):1086-1095

The main function of the single whey acidic protein domain (SWD)-containing protein in shrimp is unknown. To elucidate the function of the SWD-containing protein in vivo, the SWD-containing protein gene was isolated and characterized. A 9.3-kb shrimp SWD-containing protein gene, and a 3.9-kb 3′-flanking region. The shrimp SWD-containing protein gene contained three exons and two introns. Different fragments of the shrimp SWD-containing protein 5′-flanking region were transfected into HeLa cells. The promoter activities were assayed by basal human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatments. The in vitro actions of the SWD-containing protein promoter expression pattern were studied by transfection of an SWD-containing protein promoter (1 kb)-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding the GFP cDNA transgene into the HeLa cell line, which was then microinjected into zebrafish Danio rerio embryos. These results indicate that the shrimp SWD-containing protein promoter might play an important role in gene regulation of sex hormones in mammalian cell lines and in gene regulation of developmental stages in zebrafish.  相似文献   

The influence of carboxymethylcellulose on growth, digestion, gastric emptying time and body composition of tilapia     

Shi-Yen Shiau  Hao-Ling Yu  Sophy Hwa  Shih-Yang Chen  Song-Ing Hsu 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1988,70(4):345-354

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was incorporated into each of two experimental diets at one of four levels (2, 6, 10 and 14%). Each of the eight diets was fed to male tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) for 9 weeks. The experiment was conducted in a closed, filtered and recirculated rearing system. The fish were fed the appropriate diets at a rate of 3% of body weight per day, 2 times a day, 6 days a week. The water temperature was maintained at 26°C. Tilapia fed diets containing, 6, 10 and 14% CMC showed significantly poorer (P<0.05) feed conversion rates than fish fed diets containing 2% CMC. The dry matter digestion coefficients of the diets did not differ significantly but generally declined as CMC level increased. Gastric emptying times decreased as the level of inclusion of CMC in the diets increased. Crude protein content and ash content of fish were similar in all dietary groups. Fish fed diets containing 6, 10 and 14% CMC had significantly lower (P<0.05) lipid content than fish fed diets with 2% CMC.  相似文献   

Preliminary analysis of recombinant β-tubulin of Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) as a vaccine antigen candidate against scuticociliatosis     

Sung Mi Kim  Eun Hye Lee  Se Ryun Kwon  Sun Joung Lee  Sung Koo Kim  Yoon Kwon Nam  Ki Hong Kim   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):21-26

The recombinant β-tubulin of Pseudocohnilembus persalinus was investigated to test whether tubulin could be a suitable antigenic target against scuticociliatosis. The cDNA of P. persalinus β-tubulin has an open reading frame of 1332 bp and had 15 TAA triplets code for glutamine (Q). All 15 TAA/Q triplets of the β-tubulin cDNA were mutated to universal CAA/Q triplets by site-directed mutagenesis and the mutated β-tubulin was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion with glutathione S-transferase (GST-BTU). In Western blot analysis, rat sera immunized with recombinant GST-BTU reacted with reduced β-tubulin of P. persalinus. The immunized rat sera showed higher parasiticidal activity than those of control. Ciliates preincubated with heat-inactivated immune sera showed significantly lower proliferation than ciliates preincubated with control sera when exposed to naïve rat sera as a complement source. The present results suggest that the recombinant β-tubulin of scuticociliates may be used as a target antigen for development of vaccine against scuticociliatosis.  相似文献   

The classical drug discovery approach to defining bioactive constituents of botanicals     

A. Douglas Kinghorn  Hee-byung ChaiChung Ki Sung  William J. Keller 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(1):71-79

In this review, several recently identified biologically active principles of selected botanical dietary supplement ingredients are described, and were isolated using classical phytochemical chromatographic methods, with various spectroscopic procedures used for their isolation and structure elucidation. A central component of such an approach is “activity-guided fractionation” to monitor the compound purification process. In vitro assays germane to cancer chemoprevention were used to facilitate the work performed. Bioactive compounds, including several new substances, were characterized from açai (Euterpe oleracea), baobab (Adansonia digitata), licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), and noni (Morinda citrifolia). Many of these compounds exhibited quite potent biological activity, but tended to be present in their plant of origin only at low concentration levels.  相似文献   

Biocontrol activity and primed systemic resistance by compost water extracts against anthracnoses of pepper and cucumber     

Sang MK  Kim KD 《Phytopathology》2011,101(6):732-740

We investigated direct and indirect effects of compost water extracts (CWEs) from Iljuk-3, Iljuk-7, Shinong-8, and Shinong-9 for the control of anthracnoses caused by Colletotrichum coccodes on pepper and C. orbiculare on cucumber. All tested CWEs significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited in vitro conidial germination and appressorium formation of the fungal pathogens; however, DL-β-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA) failed to inhibit the conidial development of the pathogens. Direct treatments of the CWEs and BABA on pepper and cucumber leaves at 1 and 3 days before or after inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced anthracnose severities; Iljuk-3, Shinong-9, and BABA for pepper and Iljuk-7 for cucumber had more protective activities than curative activities. In addition, root treatment of CWEs suppressed anthracnoses on the plants by the pathogens; however, CWE treatment on lower leaves failed to reduce the diseases on the upper leaves of the plants. The CWE root treatments enhanced not only the expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes CABPR1, CABGLU, CAChi2, CaPR-4, CAPO1, and CaPR-10 in pepper and PR1-1a, PR-2, PR-3, and APOX in cucumber but also the activity of β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and peroxidase and the generation of hydrogen peroxide in pepper and cucumber under pathogen-inoculated conditions. However, the CWE treatments failed to induce the plant responses under pathogen-free conditions. These results indicated that the CWEs had direct effects, reducing anthracnoses by C. coccodes on pepper leaves and C. orbiculare on cucumber leaves through protective and curative effects. In addition, CWE root treatments could induce systemic resistance in the primed state against pathogens on plant leaves that enhanced PR gene expression, defense-related enzyme production, and hydrogen peroxide generation rapidly and effectively immediately after pathogen infection. Thus, the CWEs might suppress anthracnoses on leaves of both pepper and cucumber through primed (priming-mediated) systemic resistance.  相似文献   

Determination of pyrethroid residues in agricultural products by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay     

Park EK  Kim JH  Gee SJ  Watanabe T  Ahn KC  Hammock BD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(18):5572-5576

To determine cypermethrin and permethrin in agricultural products, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was employed. The matrix interferences were minimized by direct dilution of the extracts. No further cleanup was needed. A minimum matrix effect with a 1:10 dilution of white wine for cypermethrin and a 1:200 dilution of red and white wines, fruits, and vegetables for permethrin was found when phosphate-buffered saline containing 40% methanol was employed as the diluent. Good recoveries of spiked levels were observed. The mean percentage recoveries of cypermethrin spiked in white wine and permethrin spiked in red and white wines were 99.7, 74, and 78%, respectively. The mean percentage recoveries of permethrin spiked in apple, banana, cucumber, lettuce, onion, and peach were 99.2, 105, 70.2, 97.5, 94.4, and 89.4%, respectively. Validation of the ELISA method with permethrin-spiked lettuce and peach was carried out using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, resulting in a good recovery and correlation.  相似文献   

Development of an immunoassay for the residues of the herbicide bensulfuron-methyl   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Lee JK  Ahn KC  Park OS  Ko YK  Kim DW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(7):1791-1803

To develop a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on polyclonal antibodies for the detection of the sulfonylurea herbicide bensulfuron-methyl, seven structurally related haptens were synthesized. Four of them mimicking the target analyte were conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin by the N-hydroxysuccinimide activated ester method to use as immunogens, and all of them were conjugated to bovine serum albumin to use as plate-coating antigens. Polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits and the coating antigens were screened and selected for the assay in simple homologous and heterologous ELISA formats. Three sensitive heterologous ELISAs were selected and optimized, showing the average IC(50) values of bensulfuron-methyl as low as 0.17, 0.09, and 0.09 ng/mL, the detection ranges of 0.04-0.60, 0.01-0.60, and 0.04-0.25 ng/mL, and the lowest detection limits of 0.03, 0.002, and 0.03 ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivities of other sulfonylurea herbicides and metabolites of bensulfuron-methyl to the antibodies were less than 15% in the two assays. Recoveries from the analyte-fortified water samples in assay I were in the range of 81-125% by simple dilution. The correlation between the ELISA and HPLC was 0.999 (n = 15) with a slope of 1.37 in the analysis of groundwater samples fortified with bensulfuron-methyl. The results obtained strongly indicate that the ELISA can be a highly sensitive and convenient tool for detecting bensulfuron-methyl residues in agricultural and environmental samples.  相似文献   

Development of an ELISA for the detection of the residues of the fungicide iprovalicarb   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Lee JK  Park SH  Lee EY  Kim YJ  Kyung KS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(22):6680-6686

A competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the fungicide iprovalicarb, using a polyclonal antibody produced against a hapten conjugated through the carboxyl group on the benzene ring to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Under an optimized condition using a heterologous format, an IC(50) of 3.51 ng/mL and the lowest detection limit of 0.065 ng/mL were obtained. When the isopropoxy group was removed from the iprovalicarb structure for the synthesis of a hapten, the resulting hapten was not successful as an immunogen, indicating that the isopropyl moiety was an important epitope, as evidenced by the cross-reactivities of some structurally related compounds. When applied to the real crop and water samples, the recoveries were in the range of 80.52-144.70% (n = 4) and 72.11-100.43% (n = 4), respectively. Accordingly, this ELISA can be used as a useful method for monitoring iprovalicarb residues in crop and water samples.  相似文献