MAKING LAND MANAGEMENT MORE SUSTAINABLE: EXPERIENCE IMPLEMENTING A NEW METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK IN BOTSWANA     

J. Perkins  M. Reed  L. Akanyang  J. Atlhopheng  R. Chanda  L. Magole  W. Mphinyane  K. Mulale  R. Sebego  L. Fleskens  B. Irvine  M. Kirkby 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2013,24(5):463-477

It is increasingly recognised that tackling land degradation through more sustainable land management depends on incorporating multiple perspectives by using a variety of methods at multiple scales, including the perspectives of those who manage and/or use the land. This paper reports experience implementing a previously proposed methodological framework that is designed to facilitate knowledge sharing between researchers and stakeholders about land degradation severity and extent, and sustainable land management options. Empirical findings are presented from the Botswana site of the EU‐funded Desertification Mitigation and Remediation of Land project. The paper reflects upon the challenges and benefits of the proposed framework and identifies a number of benefits, notably related to insights arising from the integration of local and scientific knowledge, and the ownership of the sustainable land management strategies that emerged from the process. However, implementing the framework was not without challenges, and levels of poverty and formal education may limit the implementation of the framework in some developing world contexts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Diurnal uptake of nitrate and potassium during the vegetative growth of tomato plants     

J. Le Bot  E. A. Kirkby 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):247-264

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) of the F₁ hybrid variety Turbo were grown in a NFT system for 22 days. On days 16 and 20–22 inclusive of the experiment, the diurnal variation in nitrate (NO₃), potassium (K), and water uptake rates were measured. Nitrate and K uptake rates were subject to large diurnal variation with maximum uptake rates occurring during the day period. Two peaks of diurnal uptake rates were identified, one large peak during the day period and a second much smaller one during the first 2–4 hours of the night. Under the conditions of the experiment, night nutrition made up 35 to 40% of the total daily uptake of K and NO₃. Water uptake rates followed a diurnal oscillation with a single peak pattern. Highest rates occurred at the middle of the photoperiod and lowest rates were measured at night. Over the entire day and night cycle there was no correlation between the rates of water and nutrient uptake. This may be of importance in the fertilization of hydroponically grown plants since in horticultural practice nutrients and water are supplied together in quantities large enough to meet plant water demand but not nutrient requirements.  相似文献   

Influence of partial replacement of nitrate by amino acid nitrogen or urea in the nutrient medium on nitrate accumulation in NFT grown winter lettuce     

Aydin Gunes  Wietse N. K. Post  Ernest A. Kirkby  Mehmet Aktas 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1929-1938

Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten) were grown for two months in late fall in NFT under three different nitrogen (N)‐regimes but with the same total N concentration (13.4 mM). A reference treatment with a nutrient solution containing 94% nitrate (NO₃) and 6% ammonium (NH₄) was compared with urea and proteinate treatments in which 20% of the NO₃ of the reference treatment was replaced by either of these two N sources. Proteinate is a fertilizer produced in Turkey containing 8% amino acid N and 8% NO₃‐N. For both cultivars the fresh weights of the harvested plants were unaffected by the N source as was also the total N uptake. Nitrate content, however, was considerably lower in the urea and proteinate plants, values for the three treatments ranging from 3314 to 4579 mg NO₃/kg fresh wt making up from between 44.3% to 55.4% of the total plant N. Of the two cultivars, Berlo accumulated greater concentrations of NO₃ than did Kirsten. The accumulation of chloride (Cl) was in the reverse order of that of NO₃ with greatest concentrations occurring in the proteinate plants.  相似文献   

The physiological role of boron in plants     

D. J. Pilbeam  E. A. Kirkby 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):563-582

Research on the role of boron in plant metabolism is reviewed and evaluated. Absence of the element is shown to affect nucleic acid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the relationship between boron, auxin and phenolic compounds is discussed. It is concluded that the presence of boron is essential to maintain the structural integrity of plant membranes, and that many symptoms of boron deficiency in plants are secondary effects caused by changes in membrane permeability.  相似文献   

Night inshore migration and capture of adult fish by shore seining     

J. KUBE&#;KA 《Aquaculture Research》1993,24(5):685-689

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Spina bifida with associated malformations of the central nervous system in Dorper-cross sheep     

KA Potter  JF Weston  JS Munday  AC Johnstone 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):315-318

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: In 2008, six lambs within a flock of Dorpercross sheep were born with musculoskeletal and neurological disease. Clinical signs included hindlimb weakness, and urinary incontinence.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: All lambs had focal, inverted areas of alopecic skin over the caudal sacrum, and short, often kinked tails. Four affected lambs were subject to euthanasia, and necropsied. On gross examination, the arches of sacral vertebrae were absent, and spinal nerves and meninges were adherent to the overlying subcutis. Other gross lesions included narrow, elongated skulls, herniation of the occipital lobes into the caudal fossas, hydrocephalus, and syringomyelia. One lamb had coning of the cerebellar vermis, but cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum was not identified.

DIAGNOSIS: Spina bifida, with associated malformations of the central nervous system.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Examination of breeding records suggested either an autosomal recessive or partially penetrant autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Because of the associated tail lesions it is proposed that the pathogenesis of this syndrome involves a defect in development of the tail bud (secondary neurulation), that tethering of the spinal cord resulted in the clinical signs, and abnormal pressure of the cerebral spinal fluid resulted in the defects in the skull and brain.  相似文献   

Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae in New Zealand     

KA Bettelheim  RV Metcalfe 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(12)

Abstract

Extract

Sir:— In the recent letter from N. Inglis,(1) Inglis, N. 1984. Leptospira icterohaemorrhagia infection in deer. N.Z. vet. J., 32: 179–179. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] an infection by Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae in deer is postulated on the basis of serological evidence. Results of antibody testing with other serovars of Leptospira would be most informative and would reveal cross-reactions, which are known to occur freyuently. Further, the strain of L. icterohaemorrhagiae antigen and the type of test used would be of great interest to readers. Seroconversion to L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovar copenhageni, has been well documented since 1951.(2) Kirschner, L. and Gray, W.G. 1951. Leptospirosis in New Zealand. Infection with Spirochaela in animals and man. N.Z. med. J. L. No. 278, : 342–342.  [Google Scholar]  相似文献   

Decision support systems for monitoring and maintaining health in food animal populations     

MA Stevenson  RL Sanson  AO Miranda  KA Lawrence  RS Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):264-272

To mitigate the effects of risks to food safety and infectious disease outbreaks in farmed animals, animal health authorities need to have systems in place to identify and trace the source of identified problems in a timely manner. In the event of emergencies, these systems will allow infected or contaminated premises (and/or animals) to be identified and contained, and will allow the extent of problems to be communicated to consumers and trading partners in a clear and unambiguous manner. The key to achieving these goals is the presence of an effective animal health decision support system that will provide the facilities to record and store detailed information about cases and the population at risk, allowing information to be reported back to decision makers when it is required. Described here are the components of an animal health decision support system, and the ways these components can be used to enhance food safety, responses to infectious disease incursions, and animal health and productivity. Examples are provided to illustrate the benefit these systems can return, using data derived from countries that have such systems (or parts of systems) in place. Emphasis is placed on the features that make particular system components effective, and strategies to ensure that these are kept up to date.  相似文献   

Short-term Cultivation of Porcine Cumulus Cells Influences the Cyclin-dependent Kinase 4 (Cdk4) and Connexin 43 (Cx43) Protein Expression—A Real-time Cell Proliferation Approach     

Bartosz KEMPISTY  Agnieszka ZIó?KOWSKA  Hanna PIOTROWSKA  Sylwia CIESIó?KA  Pawe? ANTOSIK  Dorota BUKOWSKA  Piotr ZAWIERUCHA  Magdalena WO?NA  J?drzej M. JA?KOWSKI  Klaus P. BRüSSOW  Micha? NOWICKI  Maciej ZABEL 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(4):339-345

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Paraoesophageal hiatal hernia and megaoesophagus in a three-week-old Alaskan malamute     

Kirkby KA  Bright RM  Owen HD 《The Journal of small animal practice》2005,46(8):402-405

Paraoesophageal hiatal hernia was diagnosed in a three-week-old Alaskan malamute. Reduction of the hernia was followed by an oesophagopexy and a bilateral gastropexy. During the early postoperative period, the puppy continued to have signs that were thought to be related to a concurrent megaoesophagus. At nine months of age the dog had gained weight and was well except for occasional episodes of regurgitation. These episodes responded well to medical therapy, and at the time of writing the dog had not required further treatment.  相似文献