Solidworks在机床夹具设计中的应用     

金敏  吴光宇  德雪红 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,30(1):233-237

有别与传统的CAD二维绘图,利用Solidworks绘制三维机床夹具可以非常直观、形象的显示设计结构与结果.本文介绍如何利用Solidworks软件绘制机床夹具三维图形.  相似文献   

Microwave‐Assisted Rapid Modification of Zein by Octenyl Succinic Anhydride     

Atanu Biswas  David J. Sessa  John W. Lawton  Sherald H. Gordon  J. L. Willett 《Cereal Chemistry》2005,82(1):1-3

Corn is one of the most important food and industrial crops in the United States. Zein constitutes about half of the endosperm proteins in corn. Potential applications of zein include use in fibers, adhesives, inks, cosmetics, textiles, and chewing gum. Recently, attempts have been made to utilize zein for food coatings and biodegradable materials. The new applications of zein require it to be resistant to water. Thus, we are interested in new routes for chemical modification of zein (Biswas et al, unpublished). 2‐Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) is extensively used in modifying food starches. Our objective was to take advantage of OSA hydophobicity, flexibility, and compatibility with nonpolar groups and incorporate OSA onto zein. This OSA‐modified zein would possess the best of both OSA and zein. A zein solution in dimethyl formamide (DMF) was reacted with various levels of OSA to give modified zein. In a microwave reactor, the reactions proceeded tremendously fast and they were over in 5 min. The anhydride group of OSA reacted with the hydroxyl/amine group of zein to form ester/amide of zein. The reaction of OSA‐modified zein was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and IR spectroscopy. The preliminary evaluation showed that zein and OSA‐modified zein had comparable mechanical properties.  相似文献   

Capillary electrophoretic behaviour of humic substances from Sphagnum peats of various geographical origin: relation with the degree of decomposition     

G. BRAGATO  A. MORI  M. DE  NOBILI 《European Journal of Soil Science》1998,49(4):589-596

Humic substances (HS) extracted from 14 Sphagnum peats of various geographical origin were submitted tocapillary electrophoresis (CE) in free solution and in entangled polymer solutions (25 gl^-1 and 50 gl^?1) of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Electrophoretic runs were made in uncoated capillaries (75 μm internal diameter) using a tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (TRIS)-phosphate buffer (pH 8.3) eventually containing PEG and applying a voltage of 10 kV. The HS extract of a Lithuanian peat was fractionated by ultrafiltration into five fractions with a nominal mean relative molecular mass (M) of 3000, 7500, 20 000, 75 000 and 200 000 Da. Without PEG, migration times were not correlated with the logarithm of M, but linear relations were obtained with 25gl^?1 and 50gl^?1 PEG solutions. Both solutions separated the different fractions by size; the best regression and the largest interval of linearity, M from 3000 to 200 000 Da, was obtained with the 25gl^?1 PEG solution. At 10kV and without PEG, migration times ranged from 6.5 to 8.1 min and did not differentiate the peats, whereas at 25gl^?1 PEG, migration times ranged from 3.3 to 6.5 min and, when plotted as a function of either the r value or the von Post index (H), which are used to evaluate the degree of decomposition of horticultural peats, they separated samples on the basis of their geographical origin and probable type of mire complex. At 25gl^?1 PEG, migration times also showed a well-defined linear decreasing trend with the increase of mean annual temperatures. These relations suggest the hypothesis that humification in mires goes along with an increase in the average size of humic molecules.  相似文献   

Effects of dissolved organic matter on the mobility of copper in a contaminated sandy soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. J. M. TEMMINGHOFF  S. E. A. T. M. VAN DER  ZEE F. A. M. DE  HAAN 《European Journal of Soil Science》1998,49(4):617-628

Changes in land use can result in increased soil organic matter content, and decreases in Ca and pH which will affect the mobility of Cu in soil. We studied how the mobility and coagulation of dissolved organic matter and pH affected the mobility of Cu in contaminated sandy soil by batch and column experiments in the laboratory. The soil, with pH ranging from 3.8 to 5.7, had been polluted with Cu in the range 0.13–1.9 mmol kg^?1 more than a decade ago. Calcium and Cu bound by dissolved organic matter (purified humic acid) was determined in the pH range 4–8; Cu²⁺ concentration ranged from 10^?4 to 10^?12M and Ca²⁺ concentration from 10^?3 to 10^?6M. Binding of Cu by dissolved organic matter as affected by Ca and pH could be predicted well with the non-ideal competitive adsorption (NICA) model. Coagulation of dissolved organic matter was affected by the amount of trivalent (Al³⁺) and divalent (Ca²⁺ and Cu²⁺) cations in solution. There was little effect of pH on coagulation between pH 4 and 6. The concentration of the divalent cations, Ca²⁺ and Cu²⁺, at which coagulation of dissolved organic matter appeared could be explained by differences in the binding of Ca and Cu by dissolved organic matter. Binding of Cu by dissolved organic matter as well as by solid organic matter, both affected by Ca and pH, could be described well with the NICA model. We investigated the coagulation and mobility of dissolved organic matter in column experiments and found that they enhanced Cu mobility. Three processes, Cu desorption by soil, dissolved organic matter coagulation and Cu complexation by dissolved organic matter, act simultaneously in the soil columns. All three with counteracting effects on Cu mobility are influenced by Ca and pH and could be adequately represented by the multicomponent NICA model.  相似文献   

Analysis of Public Employment Impact Multipliers in Depressed Areas     

JACOB DE ROOY 《Growth and change》1980,11(2):32-38

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Growth and metabolic responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed different levels of protein and lipid     

L.C. DE ALMEIDA  I.M. AVILEZ  C.A. HONORATO  T.S.F. HORI  G. MORAES 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e253-e262

Growth and metabolism were investigated in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed with isoenergetic diets in four treatments with protein (P) lipid (L) in g kg^?1: P350L49; P301L81; P253L113 and P205L145, respectively. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory facilities. Fish growth, the intermediary metabolites (total sugar, lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, protein, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, amino acids and glycogen), and the enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were assayed. Fish from treatments P350L49 and P301L81 depicted the best growth. Increase in glycolytic, glycogenolytic and lipolytic activities in liver was observed following dietary lipid increase. In fish fed with high lipid levels, the energetic demand was supplied by enhancement of muscular glycogenesis and lipolysis. The plasma metabolic profile reflected the blood function on metabolites delivery to tissues underlining biochemical adaptations because of changes in the feeding. In conclusion, the increase in dietary lipid plus protein decrease resulted in (i) reduction in fish growth, (ii) augment of liver glycolysis and glycogenolysis (iii) increase in muscular glycogenesis and (iv) predominance of lipolytic metabolism.  相似文献   

Effect of masking organoleptic properties of fat on diet self‐selection by the sparid Diplodus puntazzo     

P.F. ALMAIDA‐PAGÁN  M.D. HERNÁNDEZ  J.A. MADRID  J. DE COSTA  P. MENDIOLA 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e48-e55

Fish are able to select a balanced diet according to their nutritional needs by choosing among incomplete feeds or even pure macronutrients. However, the relevance of both the organoleptic properties of diet and the postingestive signals that they produce remains unclear. Thus, sharpsnout seabream were allowed to select between diets containing different edible oils with their organoleptic properties masked by using gelatine capsules. Fish were fed capsules of two different colours so that they could associate the capsule colour with its corresponding postingestive effect. The longitudinal experiment included a first phase during which the fish were adapted to consuming the gelatine capsules. In a second phase, the fish were challenged with two different encapsulated diets: one comprising a complete diet containing fish oil and the other a fat‐free diet. Sharpsnout seabream showed a preference for the fish oil capsules (3.8 ± 1.1 g kg^?1 body weight (BW), 66.8% of total intake) over the fat‐free capsules, showing that they were able to associate the colour of the capsule with their nutritional content through postingestive signals. After that, the fish were challenged to select between the capsules containing the fish oil diet and capsules containing a vegetable oil (linseed or soybean), in which case they showed no preference between diets (2.4 ± 0.3: 2.1 ± 0.5 g kg^?1 BW of fish oil versus linseed oil capsules and 2.2 ± 0.2: 1.8 ± 0.6 g kg^?1 BW of fish oil versus soybean oil capsules), indicating that the fatty acid composition of the different oils was not sufficient to affect dietary selection through postingestive signals. So, in conclusion, when orosensorial information from food is absent, the fish are able to select between diets at a macronutrient level by using postingestive information. However, this information is not sufficient for distinguishing between diets that differ in the type of oil used.  相似文献   

Experimental determinations of factors affecting the sink rates of baited hooks to minimize seabird mortality in pelagic longline fisheries     

Graham Robertson  Steven G. Candy  Barbara Wienecke  Kieran Lawton 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(6):632-643

• 1. An experiment was conducted in Australia's pelagic longline fishery to establish a scientific basis for the introduction of line weighting to reduce seabird mortality. The experiment examined the effects of different bait species (blue mackerel, yellow‐tail mackerel and squid), bait life status (dead or alive), weight of leaded swivels (60 g, 100 g and 160 g) and leader length (distance between leaded swivel and hooks: 2 m, 3 m and 4 m) on the sink rates of baited hooks from 0–6 m deep.
• 2. On average, live bait sank much more slowly than dead bait. The sink rates of individual live bait were highly variable: many were <2 m underwater 18 s after deployment, including some on the heaviest swivels, and some were <10 m deep after 120 s.
• 3. Within the dead bait group, all three swivel weights on 3 m and 4 m leaders sank at similar rates. Initial sink rates (e.g. 0–2 m) were 2–3 times slower than final rates (e.g. 4–6 m) for all combinations of swivel weight and leader length. The fastest initial and final sink rates were associated with heavy swivels placed close to hooks.
• 4. The results show that (a) compared with dead bait, live bait greatly increases the exposure of baited hooks to seabirds; (b) initial sink rates of dead bait are increased by placing leaded swivels close to hooks and final rates by increasing the weight of the swivels; (c) adding weight to long leaders makes little difference to sink rates; and (d) the small (incremental) changes to swivel weights and leader lengths typically preferred by industry will be difficult to detect at sea and unlikely to substantially reduce seabird mortality.
• 5. We suggest that experiments designed to reduce seabird mortality from that associated with 60 g swivels and ～3.5 m leaders (the preferred option by industry) should aim to expedite the initial sink rates as well as rates to deeper depths. This objective could be achieved by including branch lines with ≥120 g swivels ≤2 m in comparative assessments of the effectiveness of line weighting regimes in reducing seabird mortality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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内啮合行星轮柱塞式生物质环模成型机设计与试验     

德雪红  吴桂芳  李南丁  张建超  郭文斌  李震 《农业机械学报》2020,51(10):379-386

针对传统环模生物质成型机能耗高、磨损严重的问题，提出了一种环模生物质致密成型方法，并设计了内啮合行星轮柱塞式生物质环模成型机样机。该样机通过压辊轴上柱塞凸模与环模体上成型孔之间的类齿轮啮合运动，实现柱塞凸模对环模体成型孔内物料的挤压压缩，使松散物料形成一定密度的颗粒状物料。为适应不同的生物质物料，环模体成型孔的长径比可以进行调整。以颗粒度为1~3mm的木屑为物料，在物料含水率为15%、压辊轴转速为60r/min、室温条件下进行了试验。结果表明：内啮合行星轮柱塞式环模生物质成型方法可行，该样机生产率为115kg/h、颗粒成型率96.2%、成型密度1.05g/cm3、机械耐久性指数97.5%、能耗约为45kW·h/t，各项指标均达到设计要求；比其他同规格传统环模成型机能耗降低了25.4%，比螺旋挤压成型机能耗降低了50%；样机关键部件磨损降低，使用寿命得到提高。  相似文献   

Pauline Brightling     

DE Clarke 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(3):120-120

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