Spatial structure of shell polychromatism in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cepaea hortensis</Emphasis> in relation to a gradient of landscape fragmentation in Western France     

Eric Le Mitouard  Alain Bellido  Annie Guiller  Luc Madec 《Landscape Ecology》2010,25(1):123-134

Because of their highly polymorphic shell patterns, Cepaea land snails have been the subject of numerous studies in ecological genetics. Here, we investigated the spatial structure of polychromatism in Cepaea hortensis in agricultural landscapes with zones from low to high hedgerow densities. Our main purpose was to search for a relationship between landscape composition and spatial structuring of chromatism. Despite significant spatial heterogeneity in the three landscapes sampled, only the high hedgerow density landscape showed a significant spatial structuring of shell polymorphism. In order to understand this result, an investigation of daily movement patterns in relation to habitat form was carried out on a mark-release experiment under semi-artificial conditions. This experiment revealed a strong influence of a linear corridor on snail dispersal. In the field, spatial heterogeneity of shell polymorphism, related to the effects of genetic drift, was shaped by restricted dispersal in narrow corridors. In the more enclosed one, i.e. where hedgerow density was the highest, the significant spatial structure we detected involved a balance between local genetic drift and environmentally mediated gene flow. This isolation-by-distance pattern resulted from direct gene exchange through fields between neighbouring populations. When applying landscape distances based on hedgerow length, no significant spatial correlation with polychromatism was found. In the more fragmented sites, random genetic drift seemed to be the prevailing force and, at the scale of the whole sampled area, selective pressures potentially interfere with these genetic drift-dispersal events.  相似文献   

Spider mite control and resistance management: does a genome help?     

Thomas Van Leeuwen  Wannes Dermauw  Miodrag Grbic  Luc Tirry  René Feyereisen 《Pest management science》2013,69(2):156-159

The complete genome of the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, has been reported. This is the first sequenced genome of a highly polyphagous and resistant agricultural pest. The question as to what the genome offers the community working on spider mite control is addressed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Hydrolysis of Chicoric and Caftaric Acids with Esterases and Lactobacillus johnsonii in Vitro and in a Gastrointestinal Model     

R Bel-Rhlid  N Pagé-Zoerkler  R Fumeaux  T Ho-Dac  JY Chuat  JL Sauvageat  T Raab 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):9236-9241

Chicoric acid (ChA) and caftaric acid (CafA) were identified as bioactive components of chicory and have been ascribed a number of health benefits. This study investigated the hydrolysis of ChA and CafA with enzymes and a probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii (La1). Esterase from Aspergillus japonicus (24 U/mg) hydrolyzed 100% of ChA (5 mM) and CafA (5 mM) after 3 h, at pH 7.0 and 37 °C. Under the same reaction conditions, 100% hydrolysis of ChA and CafA was achieved with a spray-dried preparation of La1. The addition of La1 (100 mg/mL, 3.3 E9 cfu/g) to CafA solution in a gastrointestinal model (GI model) resulted in 65% hydrolysis of CafA. This model simulates the physicochemical conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract. No hydrolysis of CafA was observed after passage through the GI model in the absence of La1. The results of this study support the hypothesis that ChA and CafA are degraded by gut microflora before absorption and metabolization.  相似文献   

The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance     

Peter R Mills  Susannah C Tomkins  Luc JM Schlangen 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2007,5(1):2-9

Background  

The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established. The recent discovery of 'non-visual' retinal receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming, biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting.  相似文献   

Wheat arabinoxylans: Exploiting variation in amount and composition to develop enhanced varieties   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Luc Saulnier  Pierre-Etienne Sado  Grard Branlard  Gilles Charmet  Fabienne Guillon 《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,46(3):261

Arabinoxylans (AX) are the major polymers of wheat grain cell walls. The content and the structure of AX polymers show large differences between tissues and between wheat cultivars that affect the end-use properties and nutritional quality of the grain. The development of new wheat cultivars with enhanced quality, therefore, requires methods to exploit this variation and it is essential to understand and modulate the mechanisms controlling the key events of cell-wall polymer synthesis.This paper summarises recent knowledge on the structure and physicochemical properties of AX including variation between cultivars and tissues, methods for analysis and screening, biosynthetic mechanisms and approaches to identifying key genes. This knowledge is essential to understand AX properties and defined possible targets for plant breeding.  相似文献   

The cholesterol-lowering property of soybeans fed to rats is related to the fasting duration     

Guermani-Nicolle  Lydie  Villaume  Christian  Bau  Hwei-Ming  Schwertz  Annie  Nicolas  Jean-Pierre  Mejean  Luc 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2001,56(3):239-249

Numerous factors affect plasma cholesterol and, therefore, representpotential interferences with the specific effects of diet on lipid metabolism.After casein intake, serum cholesterol levels depend on many experimentalconditions in rats, such as the type of casein, the presence or absence ofcholesterol in the diet, the age and strain of rat, the diet composition, thenutritional status. The effect of fasting duration on selected parameters wasstudied in adult male Wistar rats fed a 20% casein and 1% cholesterol-based diet. No changes were observed in total serum, lipoproteins-B andHDL cholesterol and in triglyceride values after an 8 h-fast compared tonon-fasted animals. A significant decrease was induced in total andlipoproteins-B cholesterol with a 12 h-fast. A prolonged fast resulted ina significant decrease in these parameters and in triglycerides and inHDL-cholesterol levels.Fasted animals fed heated soybean meal instead of casein did not display amarked decrease in serum lipids. It appeared that the fasting effect wasmore marked in animals fed casein than in animals fed soybeans. Theseresults showed the importance of experimental conditions such as nutritional status ofanimals when blood samples are taken in studies of the hypocholesterolemiceffect of soy protein compared to casein.  相似文献   

Field validation of chlordecone soil sequestration by organic matter addition     

Florence Clostre  Thierry Woignier  Luc Rangon  Paula Fernandes  Alain Soler  Magalie Lesueur-Jannoyer 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(1):23-33

Purpose

The use of chlordecone (CLD) has caused pollution of soils, which are now a source of contamination for crops and ecosystems. Because of its long-term impacts on human health, exposure to CLD is a public health concern and contamination of crops by CLD must be limited. To this end, we conducted field trials on chlordecone sequestration in soil with added compost.

Materials and methods

The impact of added compost on chlordecone sequestration was measured in nitisols. After characterization of the soil, the transfer of chlordecone from soil to water was assessed in a leaching experiment and from soil to two crop plants in a nitisol plot. Finally, to understand the underlying processes, changes in CLD content were measured in soil fractions and soil porous properties were assessed after the addition of compost.

Results and discussion

A rapid seven-fold decrease in water extractable CLD was observed in amended soils. Five percent amendment led to a significant reduction in the contamination of crops by CLD; edible radish tubers were 50% more contaminated without added compost and cucumber fruits were 60% more contaminated. After the addition of compost, CLD content increased in the fraction of pre-humified or partially mineralized organic debris. Finally, in contrast to andosols, adding compost to nitisols did not affect the soil microstructure.

Conclusions

Increasing chlordecone sequestration by adding compost could be an alternative solution until soil decontamination techniques become available. This could be a provisional way to control further release of CLD from contaminated soils towards other environmental compartments.  相似文献   

Multi-locus sequence analysis of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae for the molecular epidemiology of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia     

Manso-Silván L  Dupuy V  Chu Y  Thiaucourt F 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):86

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Multiple progressive piloleiomyomas in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo): a case report     

Martine Mialot  Daniela Prata  Anne Girard‐Luc  Farasoa Rakotovao  Jean‐François Cuveillier  Florence Bernex 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(1):100-103

A 2.5‐year‐old ovariectomized female ferret developed multiple progressive linear and raised nodules on the skin. The first lesions occurred on the tail, which was then amputated. Over the following 3 years, additional lesions appeared in the vicinity of the scar and then further rostrally on the flanks and thorax. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation led to a diagnosis of multiple piloleiomyomas. The unique characteristics of this ferret disease are described and compared with those of multiple piloleiomyomas in humans and with those of other cutaneous smooth muscle cell tumours reported in the veterinary literature.  相似文献   

Magnetic resonance imaging vertebral canal and body ratios in Doberman Pinschers with and without disk-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy and clinically normal English Foxhounds     

De Decker S  Gielen IM  Duchateau L  Saunders JH  van Bree HJ  Polis I  Van Ham LM 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(11):1496-1504

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