Improved water repellency of black spruce wood surfaces after treatment in carbon tetrafluoride plasmas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bouddah Poaty  Bernard Riedl  Pierre Blanchet  Vincent Blanchard  Luc Stafford 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(2):411-422

Plasma treatments for black spruce wood (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), a widespread forest species from Canada, were carried out in order to waterproof the exposed surfaces. Experiments were performed using inductively coupled argon plasma with carbon tetrafluoride as the gaseous precursor for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of functional fluoropolymer coatings on wood. Analysis of the wettability through water contact angle measurements showed water-repellent characteristics, with static contact angles up to 130° depending on plasma exposure time, CF₄ concentration in the Ar/CF₄ plasma, and plasma source-to-substrate distance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations of plasma-treated wood surfaces confirmed the growth of a thin, fluorocarbon layer with fluorine atomic concentrations close to 50 % on highly hydrophobic wood surfaces. Estimation of the thickness of the coatings by stylus profilometry revealed that a minimum layer thickness of about 80 nm is required to obtain water repellant wood surfaces with minimum water uptake. This complete set of data indicates that fluorocarbon-containing plasmas represent a very promising approach for improving the durability of wood products in wet and humid conditions.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic features of PMEL17 (Silver) mutant gene–associated multiple congenital ocular anomalies (MCOA) in Comtois and Rocky Mountain horses     

Emilie M. Ségard  Marianne C. Depecker  Johann Lang  Armin Gemperli  Jean‐Luc Cadoré 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(6):429-435

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The use of the rapid osmotic fragility test as an additional test to diagnose canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia     

Geert Paes  Dominique Paepe  Evelyne Meyer  Annemarie T Kristensen  Luc Duchateau  Miguel Campos  Sylvie Daminet 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):74

Background

Diagnosing canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is often challenging because all currently available tests have their limitations. Dogs with IMHA often have an increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility (OF), a characteristic that is sometimes used in the diagnosis of IMHA. Since the classic osmotic fragility test (COFT) is time-consuming and requires specialized equipment, an easy and less labour-intensive rapid osmotic fragility test (ROFT) has been used in some countries, but its diagnostic value has not yet been investigated.This study aimed to evaluate erythrocyte osmotic fragility in dogs with and without IMHA, to compare results of the classic (COFT) and rapid (ROFT) test and to assess the value of the ROFT as diagnostic test for canine IMHA.Nineteen dogs with IMHA (group 1a), 21 anaemic dogs without IMHA (group 1b), 8 dogs with microcytosis (group 2), 13 hyperlipemic dogs (group 3), 10 dogs with lymphoma (group 4), 8 dogs with an infection (group 5) and 13 healthy dogs (group 6) were included.In all dogs, blood smear examination, in-saline auto-agglutination test, Coombs’ test, COFT and ROFT were performed. In the COFT, OF5, OF50 and OF90 were defined as the NaCl concentrations at which respectively 5, 50 and 90% of erythrocytes were haemolysed.

Results

Compared with healthy dogs, OF5 and OF50 were significantly higher in group 1a (P < 0.001) and OF5 was significantly higher in group 3 (P = 0.0266). The ROFT was positive in 17 dogs with IMHA, 10 hyperlipemic dogs, one anaemic dog without IMHA and one healthy dog.

Conclusions

Osmotic fragility was increased in the majority of dogs with IMHA and in dogs with hyperlipidemia, but not in dogs with microcytosis, lymphoma or an infection. Although more detailed information was obtained about the osmotic fragility by using the COFT, the COFT and ROFT gave similar results. The ROFT does not require specialized equipment, is rapid and easy to perform and can be used easily in daily practice. Although, the ROFT cannot replace other diagnostic tests, it may be a valuable additional tool to diagnose canine IMHA.  相似文献   

High yield and nutritional quality of rice for animal feed achieved by continuous irrigation with treated municipal wastewater     

Tran  Lanh Danh  Phung  Luc Duc  Pham  Dung Viet  Pham  Dong Duy  Nishiyama  Masateru  Sasaki  Atsushi  Watanabe  Toru 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(3):507-513

Paddy and Water Environment - Two consecutive pilot-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the potential reuse of treated municipal wastewater (TWW) as an irrigation source for cultivating...  相似文献   

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil amended with biosolid or vermicompost in the presence of earthworms (Eisenia fetida)     

Silvia M. Contreras-Ramos  Dioselina Álvarez-Bernal  Luc Dendooven 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(7):1954-1959

Earthworms burrow through the soil thereby accumulating many lipophilic organic pollutants from the surrounding environment, so they could be used to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil. Sterilized and unsterilized soil was contaminated with phenanthrene (Phen), anthracene (Anth) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), with or without added Eisenia fetida and biosolid or vermicompost. Concentrations of PAHs were monitored in soil and earthworms for 70 days. Removal of PAHs increased in soil with earthworms added as 91% of Anth, 16% BaP and 99% Phen was dissipated compared to 42%, 3% and 95% in unamended soil. The microorganisms in the gut of the earthworm contributed to PAHs removal and 100% of Phen, 63% of Anth and 58% of BaP was removed from sterilized soil with E. fetida added. Biosolid and to lesser extent vermicompost accelerated removal of PAHs from soil. Applying earthworms to a contaminated site might be an environmentally friendly way to remove hydrocarbons from soil. However, a limitation might be the cost of the large amounts of earthworms required to remove PAHs from soil and the necessity to supply them with sufficient substrate while maintaining the water content of the soil high enough for their normal functioning.  相似文献   

寻找可替代甲醛的消毒方法     

Luc Ledoux  何忠武  凌云 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2008,28(5)

自2008年7月起,欧盟可能不会支持将甲醛列入<欧洲抗菌导则>(European Biocidal Directive,EBC)中.即使甲醛仍将得到使用许可,但许多孵化厂将研究无甲醛的消毒方法,因为众所周知甲醛是一种致癌性有害物. 本文所述的甲醛替代品有二种:一种是由戊二醛和季氨化合物(Quatemary Ammonia Compounds,QAC)组成的消毒剂,二是由稳定的过氧化氢和过乙酸组成的消毒剂.  相似文献   

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of coprological and serological techniques for the diagnosis of fasciolosis in cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Charlier J  De Meulemeester L  Claerebout E  Williams D  Vercruysse J 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,153(1-2):44-51

The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate available coprological and serological tests for detection of Fasciola hepatica infection in field conditions, (2) to investigate if the season when samples were collected affects the interpretation of the test results, and (3) to evaluate if the test results are associated with the level of infection. During weekly visits to an abattoir, the whole liver, a rectal faecal sample and a blood sample were collected from 100 cows in two seasons each ("spring"=February-May 2006 and "autumn"=October-December 2006). A sedimentation-flotation technique on 4g (SF 4g) or 10g (SF 10g) of faeces, a copro-antigen ELISA and two indirect serum F. hepatica ELISAs (excretory-secretory (ES) and Pourquier ELISA) were performed and the test results were compared with the presence of infection and worm counts at liver necropsy. Over both seasons the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were for the SF 4g 43% and 100%, for the SF 10g 64% and 93%, for the copro-antigen ELISA 94% and 93%, for the ES ELISA 87% and 90% and for the Pourquier ELISA 88% and 84%. Significant between-season differences (P<0.05) were observed in the sensitivities of the two serological ELISAs: whereas the Pourquier ELISA had a higher sensitivity in spring than in autumn, the opposite was true for the ES ELISA. There were no significant between-season differences in the specificity for any of the tests. The test results of the SF 4g, copro-antigen ELISA and ES ELISA were associated with the level of infection of the animal. Given a positive test result of the SF 4g it is at least 11 times more likely that the animal is carrying a heavy infection (>10 flukes) than that is free of infection or lightly infected (< or = 10 flukes). Weak ( approximately 0.3) and moderate ( approximately 0.6) correlations were observed within infected animals of level of infection with ES and copro-antigen ELISA results, respectively.  相似文献   

A proposal of clinical breakpoints for amoxicillin applicable to porcine respiratory tract pathogens     

Schwarz S  Böttner A  Goossens L  Goosens L  Hafez HM  Hartmann K  Kaske M  Kehrenberg C  Kietzmann M  Klarmann D  Klein G  Krabisch P  Luhofer G  Richter A  Schulz B  Sigge C  Waldmann KH  Wallmann J  Werckenthin C 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,126(1-3):178-188

In the present position paper, an attempt was made to establish clinical breakpoints of amoxicillin to classify porcine respiratory tract pathogens as susceptible, intermediate or resistant based on their minimum inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin. For this, a thorough review of the published literature with regard to swine-specific pharmacological data (including dosages of amoxicillin applied and routes of administration used), clinical efficacy, and in vitro susceptibility of the target pathogens was performed. Based on the comparative analysis of the results, the working group "Antibiotic Resistance" of the German Veterinary Medical Society (DVG) proposed to classify porcine respiratory tract pathogens that show MIC values of amoxicillin of < or =0.5microg/ml as "susceptible", those with MICs of 1microg/ml as "intermediate", and those with MICs of > or =2microg/ml as "resistant".  相似文献   

Persistence and molecular evolution of Mycobacterium bovis population from cattle and wildlife in Doñana National Park revealed by genotype variation     

Romero B  Aranaz A  Sandoval A  Alvarez J  de Juan L  Bezos J  Sánchez C  Galka M  Fernández P  Mateos A  Domínguez L 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,132(1-2):87-95

The role of wildlife in tuberculosis epidemiology is being widely studied since it can affect the effectiveness of eradication campaigns in cattle. The health problem is enhanced when it concerns also wildlife welfare and biodiversity conservation. This study was performed to understand the epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis population affecting livestock and wild animals in the Do?ana National Park using bacteriology and molecular characterisation techniques. Tuberculosis research was performed on 1209 cattle and wild animals (artiodactyla and carnivore) collected over 6 years in the Park. One hundred and sixty-three animals were found to be infected with M. bovis, comprising 7.96% of the cattle and 20.53% of the wild animals tested. Spoligotyping revealed nine patterns, being SB1232 and SB1230 the most prevalent (77.30% and 15.34% of infected animals, respectively). MIRU-VNTR analysis of a selected panel of 92 isolates showed eight different profiles, including several spoligotypes within the same MIRU-VNTR profile. The discriminatory capacity of both techniques in this panel was similar. The results obtained by combination of both techniques corroborate that wildlife species are infected with the M. bovis strains which are more prevalent in cattle and reveal their persistence. Genotype variation between isolates strongly suggests micro-evolutionary events in the M. bovis population in the same area. This study in the Do?ana National Park exposes the risk of introduction of domestic animals into wildlife areas when there is not a warranty of disease freedom, appropriate diagnostic techniques and control measures.  相似文献   

Genotyping of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC by multilocus sequence analysis allows molecular epidemiology of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia     

Yaya A  Manso-Silván L  Blanchard A  Thiaucourt F 《Veterinary research》2008,39(2):14

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (MmmSC) is the etiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). Although eradicated in most developed countries, the disease reappeared in Europe in the 1990s. This reappearance may have been caused either by importation from sub-Saharan Africa, where CBPP is still endemic, or by the reemergence of virulent strains in Europe, as suggested by earlier studies. A multilocus sequence analysis scheme has been developed to address this issue and, most importantly, to be able to monitor new epidemics. The alignment of the full genome sequence of the reference strain PG1 and the partial genome sequence of a pathogenic strain allowed the identification of polymorphic sites. Nineteen initial loci were selected within housekeeping genes, genes of unknown function and non coding sequences. The suitability of these loci for genotyping MmmSC strains was first tested on six strains of diverse geographic origin. The analyses showed that the published PG1 sequence contained a number of specific polymorphisms that were therefore of no use for molecular typing. Among the eight informative polymorphic loci finally selected, only one (ftsY) was positioned within a housekeeping gene. Three main groups and 31 different allelic profiles were identified among 51 strains and strain variants examined. Cluster analysis confirmed that European strains from the 1990s did not originate from Africa. It also showed a genetic link between a European strain isolated in 1967 and those found in southern Africa and Australia. This was in agreement with historical data showing that CBPP was introduced in these regions during colonisation in the 19th century.  相似文献