Open joint injuries in horses: 58 cases (1980-1986)     

K T Gibson  C W McIlwraith  A S Turner  T S Stashak  W A Aanes  G W Trotter 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(3):398-404

A retrospective study was made of 58 horses with open joint injuries admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital. Twenty-five (43%) were admitted within 24 hours of injury, 15 (26%) were examined 2 to 7 days after injury, and 18 (31%) were evaluated a week or more after the initial injury. The joints of the lower portions of the limbs most commonly were affected, with injuries that varied from puncture wounds to severe lacerations with soft tissue deficits. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical signs and results of synovial fluid analysis and radiography. Radiography was found to be an important diagnostic tool, indicating joint involvement in 80% of horses on which it was done. Sixteen horses were euthanatized on the day of admission; of the horses treated, 53% that were examined within the first 24 hours developed septic arthritis, and the overall survival was 65%. Ninety-two percent of horses examined within 2 to 7 days of injury developed septic arthritis, with 38.5% surviving; all horses evaluated a week or more after joint injury had septic arthritis, and 50% survived. The prognosis for return to function was best in horses that were examined within the first 24 hours. Horses examined more than 24 hours after injury had a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher chance of developing septic arthritis, and thus, were significantly (P less than 0.0014) less likely to survive the injury.  相似文献   

Neochondrogenesis in free intra-articular, periosteal, and perichondrial autografts in horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A Vachon  C W McIlwraith  G W Trotter  R W Norrdin  B E Powers 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(10):1787-1794

Periosteal autografts were obtained from the medial aspect of the proximal portion of the tibia, and perichondrial autografts were obtained from the sternum. Using arthroscopic visualization, each autograft was placed as a loose body into 1 tarsocrural joint in 6 young horses (2 to 4 years old). Horses were hand-walked daily, starting the day after surgery, for a total of 6 h/wk for 8 weeks. Eight weeks after autograft implantation, radiographs were taken of each tarsocrural joint and were interpreted with regard to mineralization in the transplanted autografts. Autografts were then surgically removed, and examined macroscopically and microscopically for viability, size, and production of chondroid tissue. All autografts appeared viable and most had evidence of growth. Longest-by-shortest axis value, cross-sectional area, and perimeter were greater in perichondrial autografts than in their periosteal counterparts in 3 horses, but the difference was not significant. Neochondrogenesis was observed in 5 of 6 periosteal grafts and in 1 of 6 perichondrial grafts. Furthermore, the amount of chondroid tissue produced in periosteal autografts was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that produced in the 1 perichondrial graft. The chondroid tissue produced by periosteal autografts had morphologic and matrical staining properties similar to those of hyaline cartilage.  相似文献   

Effects of Serum Deprivation and Cycloheximide on Cell Cycle of Low and High Passage Porcine Fetal Fibroblasts   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MD Goissis  HVA Caetano  MG Marques  FRO de Barros  WB Feitosa  MP Milazzotto  M Binelli  MEOA Assumpção  JA Visintin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):660-663

Arrest of cells in G0/G1 cell cycle phase is desired for nuclear transfer procedures. Serum starvation and cell cycle inhibitors are different ways to induce synchronization of the cell cycle. This study investigated the effects of serum starvation and cycloheximide (CHX) on the cell cycle of low (5th) and high (15th) passages fetal porcine fibroblasts. Cell cycle phases were determined using fluorescent activated cell sorting. Fifth passage fibroblast cultures had higher (p < 0.05) proportion of cells in G0/G1 only after 72 h of serum starvation (77.60 ± 0.65) when compared with non‐starved cells (71.44 ± 1.88). Serum starvation for all periods tested induced an increase (p < 0.05) on proportion of cells in G0/G1 on the 15th passage. No significant differences were observed on the 5th passage cultures exposed to CHX, although, on the 15th passage an increase on proportion of cells was observed after all periods of exposure (p < 0.05). These data indicates that high passage cells in vitro are more susceptible to serum starvation and CHX G0/G1 synchronization.  相似文献   

Synovial fluid gelatinase concentrations and matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine expression in naturally occurring joint disease in horses     

Trumble TN  Trotter GW  Oxford JR  McIlwraith CW  Cammarata S  Goodnight JL  Billinghurst RC  Frisbie DD 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(9):1467-1477

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The biomechanics of what really causes navicular disease     

Trotter G 《Equine veterinary journal》2001,33(4):334-336

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Pre-parturition staphylococcal mastitis in primiparous replacement goats: persistence over lactation and sources of infection     

Iacome SC Jácome  Francisca GC Sousa  Candice MG De Leon  Denis A Spricigo  Mauro MS Saraiva  Patricia EN Givisiez  Wondwossen A Gebreyes  Rafael FC Vieira  Celso JB Oliveira 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

This investigation reported for the first time the occurrence of intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus in primiparous replacement goats before parturition and the persistence of clinical Staphylococcus aureus infection during the lactation period. Subclinical infections, mainly caused by coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), did not persist during lactation. Genotyping analysis indicated that environment seems to play a moderate role as source of intramammary infections to goats before parturition, but causative agents of mastitis in lactating animals are not genotypically related to environmental staphylococci. The occurrence and persistence of intramammary infections in replacement goats demonstrate the need to consider those animals as potential sources of infections in dairy goat herds.  相似文献   

Methodology for measuring fAPAR in crops using a combination of active optical and linear irradiance sensors: a case study in Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack)     

M. M. Rahman  J. N. Stanley  D. W. Lamb  M. G. Trotter 《Precision Agriculture》2014,15(5):532-542

The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 0.4–0.7 μm) absorbed by plants for photosynthesis relative to incident radiation is defined as the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR). This is an important variable in both plant biomass production and plant growth modeling. This study investigates the application of a newly developed, linear irradiance sensor (LightScout Quantum Bar Sensor, LightScout, Spectrum Technologies, Inc. USA), to quantify fAPAR for a demonstrator crop, Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack). A protocol was devised for sensor placement to determine reflected PAR components of fAPAR and to determine the optimal time of day and sensor orientation for data collection. Coincident, top of canopy, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measurements were also acquired with a CropCircle? ACS-210 sensor and measurements correlated with derived fAPAR values. The optimum height of the linear irradiance sensor above soil or plant canopy was found to be 0.4 m while measuring reflected PAR. Measurement of fAPAR was found to be stable when conducted within 1 h of local solar noon in order to avoid significant bidirectional effects resulting from diurnal changes of leaf orientation relative to the vertically-placed sensor. In the row crop studied, averaging fAPAR readings derived from the linear irradiance sensor orientated across and along the plant row provided an R² = 0.81 correlation with above-canopy NDVI. Across row sensor orientation also gave a similar correlation of R² = 0.76 allowing the user to reduce sampling time.  相似文献   

Design and fabrication of topologically complex, three-dimensional microstructures     

RJ Jackman  ST Brittain  A Adams  MG Prentiss  GM Whitesides 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5372):2089-2091

Two concepts for use in the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures with complex topologies are described. Both routes begin with a two-dimensional (2D) pattern and transform it into a 3D microstructure. The concepts are illustrated by use of soft lithographic techniques to transfer 2D patterns to cylindrical (pseudo-3D) substrates. Subsequent steps-application of uniaxial strain, connection of patterns on intersecting surfaces-transform these patterns into free-standing, 3D, noncylindrically symmetrical microstructures. Microelectrodeposition provides an additive method that strengthens thin metal designs produced by patterning, welds nonconnected structures, and enables the high-strain deformations required in one method to be carried out successfully.  相似文献   

Gibberellic and kaurenoic hybrid strigolactone mimics for seed germination of parasitic weeds          下载免费PDF全文

Rondinelle G Pereira  Antonio Cala  Mónica Fernández‐Aparicio  José MG Molinillo  Maria AD Boaventura  Francisco A Macías 《Pest management science》2017,73(12):2529-2537

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