维生素A的免疫学研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙璐璐  刘毅 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2011,(2):3-5

维生素A(VitaminA,VA)是动物所必需的营养素,维生素A对免疫系统发育、细胞免疫和体液免疫都产生影响。本文主要论述了维生素A对机体免疫反应的影响。  相似文献   

闽东山区单季中稻稻瘟病综合防治技术     

刘毅 《福建农业》2009,(4):23-23

稻瘟病是水稻生产上的重要病害之一，也是影响福安市城阳乡单季稻区的首要病害。在中稻秧苗期或分蘖期发生稻瘟病，往往造成成片稻苗枯死；抽穗期若穗颈瘟发生流行，则造成“白穗”或“半白穗”，秕谷率高．严重影响水稻生产。中稻发病后，一般年份减产20％，严重时可达八、九成，甚至绝收。近年来，我乡农技站在单季稻区积极推行经济有效的稻瘟病综合防治技术措施，在整个水稻生育期中抓住关键技术，严把品种、肥水管理和适时施药关口，从而控制了该病的大面积流行，达到高产优质生产水稻的目的。  相似文献   

郴州市黑斑蛙裂头蚴感染情况调查     

黎建华  周德喜  王挺  何鑫  盛晓枫  刘伟  刘毅 《湖南畜牧兽医》2012,(3):30-31

为了解郴州市黑斑蛙裂头蚴的感染情况,控制该虫在郴州市的流行,从郴州五个地方的菜市场购买428只黑斑蛙,利用寄生虫学调查方法对郴州市黑斑蛙裂头蚴感染情况进行调查,统计感染强度,计算感染率.检测结果显示,有126只感染裂头蚴,感染率为29.44％.其中,郴州安仁黑斑蛙裂头蚴感染率最高为43.75％,感染强度为1～15条.  相似文献   

Characterization of house dust mite and scabies mite allergens by use of canine serum antibodies     

Schumann RJ  Morgan MS  Glass R  Arlian LG 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(9):1344-1348

OBJECTIVE: To identify the major allergenic proteins from the 3 main species of dust mites to which dogs react (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Euroglyphus maynei) and evaluate the potential cross-reactivity of dust mite allergens with antigens from the ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei var canis. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sera from 83 dogs with atopic dermatitis. PROCEDURE: Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting using serum from atopic dogs was used to identify IgE-binding proteins in extracts of the 4 mite species. RESULTS: Sera of atopic dogs contained IgE against 23, 17, 25, and 17 allergens from D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, E. maynei, and S. scabiei, respectively. Unlike the situation for humans, the major allergens for dogs are mostly proteins that are larger than 90 kd molecular weight. Dermatophagoides farinae and E. maynei appear to be more allergenic for dogs than is D. pteronyssinus. Some dogs with serum IgE against dust mites also had IgE against antigens of S. scabiei var canis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Multiple dust mite allergens induce an IgE response in dogs. These allergens are mostly greater than 90 kd molecular weight.  相似文献   

Evaluation of carbon dioxide laser and conventional incisional techniques for resection of soft palates in brachycephalic dogs     

Davidson EB  Davis MS  Campbell GA  Williamson KK  Payton ME  Healey TS  Bartels KE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(6):776-781

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcome, healing, and effect of tracheostomy in conventional incisional and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser techniques for resection of soft palates in brachycephalic dogs. DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. ANIMALS: 20 adult brachycephalic dogs. METHODS: Dogs were randomly allocated into 4 groups, and 1 of the following was performed: palate resection by use of a CO2 laser; incisional palate resection and closure with suture; and palate resection by use of a C02 laser or incision with tracheostomy. A clinical score for respiratory function was assigned to each dog at 0, 2, 8, 16, and 24 hours. Biopsy specimens of incision sites obtained at days 0, 3, 7, and 14 were examined. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of technique on clinical and histologic outcome. RESULTS: Mean surgical time for laser (309 seconds) was significantly shorter than for sharp dissection (744 seconds). Surgical technique significantly affected clinical scores at 3 of the 5 postoperative time points, but differences were not clinically apparent. Tracheostomy significantly affected clinical scores at 3 of 5 postoperative time points. After tracheostomy tube removal, clinical scores were similar to those of dogs without tracheostomies. Inflammation, necrosis, and ulceration were evident in all groups at day 3; these lesions had almost resolved by day 14. Most complications were associated with tracheostomy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical outcomes appear to be similar with the laser and incisional techniques. Regarding surgical time and ease, laser resection of the soft palate appears advantageous. Tracheostomy is not warranted in dogs that have uncomplicated surgeries and recoveries.  相似文献   

Pulmonary expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-8 in the acute phase of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis     

Malazdrewich C  Ames TR  Abrahamsen MS  Maheswaran SK 《Veterinary pathology》2001,38(3):297-310

Inflammatory cytokines are suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis (BPP) through neutrophil recruitment, leukocyte activation, and the induction of a broad array of soluble inflammatory mediators. An in vivo experimental model of BPP was used to characterize the pulmonary expression kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) genes and proteins during the acute phase of disease development. Cytokine expression in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, BAL cells, and pneumonic lung parenchyma was quantitated by northern blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in situ hybridization at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after endobronchial inoculation of Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica. Expression of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 was significantly increased in the airways and lung lesions of infected calves as compared with mock-infected controls. Although kinetic patterns varied, peak levels of cytokine mRNA occured within 8 hours postinfection (PI), and peak cytokine concentrations occurred within 16 hours PI. In all samples, IL-8 was expressed to the greatest extent and TNFalpha was least expressed. Expression of TNFalpha was restricted to alveolar macrophages. Alveolar and interstitial macrophages produced IL-1beta and IL-8 in the first 4 hours; bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells were also significant sources of IL-8 during this period. By 8 hours PI, neutrophils were the dominant source of both IL-1beta and IL-8. These findings demonstrate a spatial and temporal association between pulmonary expression of inflammatory cytokines and acute lung pathology, supporting the hypothesis that cytokines contribute to inflammatory lung injury in BPP.  相似文献   

Endoscopic balloon dilation of benign esophageal strictures in dogs and cats     

Leib MS  Dinnel H  Ward DL  Reimer ME  Towell TL  Monroe WE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(6):547-552

Endoscopic balloon dilation of benign esophageal strictures was performed in 18 dogs and 10 cats with a median age of 4 years. Stricture formation was associated with a recent anesthetic episode in 18 patients. Regurgitation was the most common clinical sign and was present a median of 4 weeks before dilation. Most animals had a single stricture; median diameter was 5 mm, and median length was 1 cm. Esophagitis and mucosal fibrosis were detected in 9 patients each. Dilation was performed with progressively increasing diameter balloons, from 6 to 20 mm. After dilation, mucosal hemorrhage was mild to moderate in most patients. Esophageal perforation was the only serious complication and occurred in 1 patient. Postdilation therapy consisted of administration of cimetidine, metoclopramide, sucralfate, and prednisone in most animals. The median number of dilation procedures performed in each animal was 2, with a range of 1-5. The median interval between dilations was 13 days. Stricture diameter markedly increased with subsequent dilations. Median duration of follow-up was 131 weeks. A successful outcome occurred in 88% of patients, with most animals able to eat canned, mashed, or dry food without regurgitation. Mucosal fibrosis was associated with a better clinical response score, while increasing age was weakly associated with fewer dilations. The dilation protocol used in this group of animals was safe and efficacious.  相似文献   

Effect of potting mix microbial carrying capacity on biological control of rhizoctonia damping-off of radish and rhizoctonia crown and root rot of poinsettia     

Krause MS  Madden LV  Hoitink HA 《Phytopathology》2001,91(11):1116-1123

ABSTRACT Potting mixes prepared with dark, highly decomposed Sphagnum peat, with light, less decomposed Sphagnum peat, or with composted pine bark, all three of which were colonized by indigenous microorganisms, failed to consistently suppress Rhizoctonia damping-off of radish or Rhizoctonia crown and root rot of poinsettia. Inoculation of these mixes with Chryseobacterium gleum (C(299)R(2)) and Trichoderma hamatum 382 (T(382)) significantly reduced the severity of both diseases in the composted pine bark mix in which both biocontrol agents maintained high populations over 90 days. These microorganisms were less effective against damping-off in the light and dark peat mixes, respectively, in which populations of C(299)R(2) declined. In contrast, crown and root rot, a disease that is severe late in the crop, was suppressed in all three types of mixes. High populations of T(382) in all three mixes late during the cropping cycle may have contributed to control of this disease.  相似文献   

Relative bioavailability of rafoxanide following intraruminal and intra-abomasal administration in sheep     

Swan GE  Koeleman HA  Steyn HS  Mülders MS 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》1999,70(2):71-74

The bioavailability of rafoxanide was compared after intraruminal and intra-abomasal administration in healthy adult sheep (n = 6) in a single dose, 2 parallel group study at 7.5 mg/kg. Rafoxanide concentrations in plasma were measured by means of HPLC analysis. Primary pharmacokinetic parameters for bioavailability and disposition of rafoxanide in plasma for both routes of administration were determined by non-compartmental and non-linear, 1-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis, respectively. Significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher peak plasma concentrations (c(max)) of rafoxanide and a more rapid rate of absorption (c. 3.5 times) was observed in sheep after intra-abomasal (i-a) administration compared to intraruminal (i.r.) administration. A significantly (P < or = 0.05) longer lag period (t(lag)) before absorption (6.8 +/- 2.9 h) occurred after i.r. than after i-a treatment (1.9 +/- 0.6 h). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in AUC, MRT and in the rates of elimination (k10-HL and t(1/2beta)) between the i.r. and i-a routes of administration. The results of the study demonstrated the important influence of the rumino-reticulum on absorption of rafoxanide in sheep.  相似文献   

Fermentation substrate and dilution rate interact to affect microbial growth and efficiency   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Meng Q  Kerley MS  Ludden PA  Belyea RL 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(1):206-214

The effect of dilution rate (D) on carbohydrate, fibrous and nonfibrous, and protein fermentation by ruminal microorganisms was studied using a single-effluent continuous-culture system. The diets of fibrous carbohydrate, nonfibrous carbohydrate, or protein were formulated with soybean hulls (FC), ground corn (NFC), or isolated soy protein (PR) as the primary ingredient, respectively. Six dilution rates (.025, .050, .075, .10, .15, and .20/h of fermenter volume) were used. Digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP for the three diets and of NDF and ADF for the FC diet decreased (P<.001) as D increased, although the response of the digestibility to D varied with diet. Increasing D resulted in an increase in pH (P<.001) and a decrease (P<.001) in ammonia concentration. Daily volatile fatty acid production increased (quadratic; P<.01) for the FC and NFC diets, but decreased (quadratic; P<.001) for the PR diet. Increasing D quadratically increased (P<.001) the molar percentage of acetate and propionate, but quadratically decreased (P<.001) butyrate and valerate for the FC and NFC diets. For the PR diet, the molar percentage of propionate and valerate increased (quadratic; P<.01), whereas acetate and butyrate decreased (linear; P<.001) in response to increasing D. Molar percentage of isobutyrate and isovalerate decreased (P<.01) with increasing D for all three diets. As D increased, daily microbial N production showed quadratic responses with maximum values achieved at .126, .143, and .187/h D for the FC, NFC, and PR diet, respectively. There was a positive correlation between microbial growth efficiency (MOEFF) and D. A quadratic model fit the data of MOEFF as affected by D, and maximum MOEFF of 37.3, 59.6, and 71.4 g of bacterial N/kg OM truly fermented were calculated to be achieved at .177, .314, and .207/h D for the FC, NFC, and PR diet, respectively. Dilution rate significantly influenced the ruminal microbial fermentation of fibrous and nonfibrous carbohydrates and proteins, and was positively related to microbial yield and growth efficiency. In addition, microbial nitrogen composition, and therefore efficiency, was affected by substrate fermented.  相似文献