Fetal Loss in a Group of Danish L x Y Sows: A Preliminary Study     

Mads T. Madsen  Torben Greve 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1990,25(1):33-35

Contents: The magnitude of fetal loss was studied in 13 Danish Landrace & Yorkshire (L&Y) crosses. The ovulation rate and number of fetuses were recorded following ovariohysterectomy on days 46–112 of pregnancy. On the basis of these figures the mean ovulation rate, litter size, fetal loss and transcornual migration were found to be 15.5., 12.2., 21.4% and 13.7%, respectively. It is concluded that the extent of fetal loss is smaller than expected from the literature .  相似文献   

Porcine nephropathy induced by long-term ingestion of ochratoxin A.     

P Krogh  F Elling  C Friis  B Hald  A E Larsen  E B Lilleh?j  A Madsen  H P Mortensen  F Rasmussen  U Ravnskov 《Veterinary pathology》1979,16(4):466-475

Nine pigs were fed crystalline ochratoxin A in their feed at a concentration of about 1 mg/kg. Three pigs and their controls were killed after 3 months and 6 pigs and controls were killed after 2 years. A decrease of the ratio TmPAH/CIn, increased urinary glucose excretion and decreased ability to concentrate urine, occurred within a few weeks and aggravated slightly during the 2-year period. Changes in renal structure, characterized by degeneration and atrophy of proximal tubules, interstitial fibrosis and hyalinization of glomeruli, were progressive during time of exposure, but terminal renal failure was not reached. The kidney, liver, muscular and adipose tissue contained 3 to 27 microgram ochratoxin A/kg after 3 months of exposure. No further accumulation of ochratoxin A residue was found after 2 years of exposure.  相似文献   

Latitudinal variability in the seroprevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in non-migrant and Arctic migratory geese     

Cecilia A.M. Sandström  Anita G.J. Buma  Bethany J. Hoye  Jouke Prop  Henk van der Jeugd  Berend Voslamber  Jesper Madsen  Maarten J.J.E. Loonen 《Veterinary parasitology》2013

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular coccidian parasite found worldwide and is known to infect virtually all warm-blooded animals. It requires a cat (family Felidae) to complete its full life cycle. Despite the absence of wild felids on the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, T. gondii has been found in resident predators such as the arctic fox and polar bear. It has therefore been suggested that T. gondii may enter this ecosystem via migratory birds. The objective of this study was to identify locations where goose populations may become infected with T. gondii, and to investigate the dynamics of T. gondii specific antibodies. Single blood samples of both adults and juveniles were collected from selected goose species (Anser anser, A. brachyrhynchus, Branta canadensis, B. leucopsis) at Arctic brood-rearing areas in Russia and on Svalbard, and temperate wintering grounds in the Netherlands and Denmark (migratory populations) as well as temperate brood-rearing grounds (the Netherlands, non-migratory populations). A modified agglutination test was used on serum, for detection of antibodies against T. gondii. Occasional repeated annual sampling of individual adults was performed to determine the antibody dynamics. Adults were found seropositive at all locations (Arctic and temperate, brood-rearing and wintering grounds) with low seroprevalence in brood-rearing birds on temperate grounds. As no juvenile geese were found seropositive at any brood-rearing location, but nine month old geese were found seropositive during spring migration we conclude that geese, irrespective of species and migration, encounter T. gondii infection in wintering areas. In re-sampled birds on Svalbard significant seroreversion was observed, with 42% of seropositive adults showing no detectable antibodies after 12 months, while the proportion of seroconversion was only 3%. Modelled variation of seroprevalence with field data on antibody longevity and parasite transmission suggests seroprevalence of a population within a range of 5.2–19.9%, in line with measured values. The high occurrence of seroreversion compared to the low occurrence of seroconversion hampers analysis of species- or site-specific patterns, but explains the absence of an increase in seroprevalence with age and the observed variation in antibody titre. These findings imply that even though infection rate is low, adults introduce T. gondii to the high Arctic ecosystem following infection in temperate regions.  相似文献   

Genetic Correlations Between Beef Traits Measured on Young Performance Test Bulls and Daughter Milk Yield     

J. H. Jakobsen  P. Madsen  J. Jensen  P. H. Petersen  G. Aa. Pedersen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):39-46

In a breeding programme where young potential breeding bulls are reared on performance test stations, selection based on own results can be carried out before test inseminations. Both beef and milk production traits are included in the total merit index used for selection, and estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters of these traits are therefore of interest for an optimal construction of such indices. Data on first lactation milk records from the field and beef records of potential dairy breeding bulls from the Danish performance test stations were analysed in bivariate animal-sire models using the AI-REML algorithm. Genetic correlations of 0.16, 0.25 and 0.43 between feed intake capacity and protein yield were obtained for Red Danish (RD), Danish Black and White (DBW) and Danish Jersey (DJ), respectively. These correlations were significantly different from zero for the two populations (DBW and DJ). Genetic correlations around zero between feed efficiency and protein yield were obtained for all three populations. Genetic correlations of 0.44, 0.19 and 0.47 between average daily gain and protein yield were obtained for RD, DBW and DJ, respectively. The genetic correlations between protein yield and muscle area was close to zero for DBW, while it was -0.31 for RD. Selection index calculations indicate that indices composed of different beef performance traits can be used as early predictors for milk yield. Selection on such an index could increase the breeding value of the young bulls for milk production traits by 0.8-2.0% of the population mean.  相似文献   

Genetic Parameters of Foot and Leg Traits in Future AI Bulls: II. Correlation to Body Conformation Traits in Daughters     

Dorothee Boelling  Per Madsen  Just Jensen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):122-128

The aim of this investigation was to establish genetic correlations between foot and leg traits in future potential AI bulls and body conformation traits in their daughters. Data consisted of records of 2394, 5002 and 1098 bulls of the breeds Danish Red, Danish Friesian and Jersey, respectively, which were correlated according to breed with 11846, 62875 and 10954 daughters sand their contemporaries, respectively. The bull traits included hoof measurements, horn characteristics and claw disease frequencies recorded at hoof trimming, while the data for the dairy cows contained the scores for rear leg side view, rear leg rear view, bone structure, quality of hocks and foot angle. The correlations between the claw diseases or horn characteristics on one side and the daughters' conformation on the other side were either negligible or inconclusive, while those between the bull's hoof measurements and the two conformation traits bone structure and hock quality were of statistical significance for all three breeds. Moreover, the stance of the rear leg showed a significant relationship to claw measurements in Danish Red and Jersey cattle. Small feet in bulls were correlated with a favourable expression of feet and legs in daughters. An improvement in foot and leg conformation traits in dairy cattle is possible by including claw measurements in the selection of future AI bulls.  相似文献   

Changes in body weight and frame and its genetic variation during the productive life of dairy cows     

K. Sloniewski  I. L. Mao  Just Jensen  Per Madsen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):128-136

Abstract

Data used were body weights and physical measures on hip height, body depth, chest girth, hip width, and body length taken at an experimental dairy herd of three breeds (Holstein, Jersey and Danish Red). Random regression mixed models were used to evaluate changes in variances through the productive life of dairy cows in body weight and in each of the physical measures. To indicate the frame size of a cow's body, a frame index was established based on linear physical measures, which was a simple cross-product of body depth by hip width. Further analyses with a random regression mixed model indicated that the changes in the index values over age reflect well the process of growth, and were only marginally affected by stages of lactation. Frame index and body weight were highly correlated. However, if breeding for frame size was desired, the frame index would be a preferred selection criterion over the more conventional criterion of body weight, because body weight measures were affected equally by growth and body condition.  相似文献   

Cooling,Storing and Quality of Raw Milk     

Frode Guul-Simonsen  Preben Stordal Christiansen  Dan Edelsten  Jørgen Ryhmer Kristiansen  Niels Peder Madsen  Egil Waagner Nielsen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):105-110

Abstract

Full-scale experiments with cooling of raw milk of good initial quality from a herd of 70 dairy cows have been performed under practical farm conditions, with different cooling and storage conditions, including instant cooling in a continuous process versus normal cooling in a batch process. During each milking, the milk was divided equally and successively for different cooling procedures. Quality evaluations (number of bacteria, acidity and oxidation of fat, sensoric quality) indicated that instant cooling/continuous process compared with normal cooling/batch process over 2.5 hours, both to 4°C, resulted in a slightly slower bacterial growth and a slightly slower hydrolysis and oxidation of milk fat. Instant raw milk cooled and stored at 2.5°C maintained a good quality for about one to two days more than when normal cooling over 1.5 hours and storing at 4°C was used.  相似文献   

Genotype by Environment Interaction in Nordic Dairy Cattle Studied Using Reaction Norms     

Rebecka Kolmodin  Erling Strandberg  Per Madsen  Just Jensen  Hossein Jorjani 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):11-24

Genotype by environment interaction for production and fertility was studied by use of a reaction norm model. Milk recording data, comprising 927 929 records, were analysed to predict reaction norms for young bulls of the Nordic Red dairy breeds. Random regressions were estimated for each bull, regressing phenotypic values of daughters on herd environment. The phenotypic measures were 305 days kg protein production and days open in first lactation. The herd environment was defined as the herd-year average of protein production and days open, respectively. Heritability of protein production and days open and genetic correlation between the two traits were estimated as functions of the herd environment. The results showed that the genetic parameters change over environments, which are measured on a continuous scale across countries. Grouping of observations is avoided and thereby the problem of genetic connectedness between groups or countries may be avoided. Although significant genetic variation for the slope of the reaction norm was found, there was little reranking of sires, except between extreme environments. More appropriate models and methods need to be developed for further studies of genetic variation in reaction norms.  相似文献   

Targeted Grazing: Applying the Research to the Land     

Rachel Frost  John Walker  Craig Madsen  Ray Holes  John Lehfeldt  Jennifer Cunningham  Kathy Voth  Bob Welling  T. Zane Davis  Dave Bradford  Jana Malot  John Sullivan 《Herpetological Monographs》2012,34(1):2-10

  相似文献   

Genetic correlations between dressage,show jumping and studbook‐entry inspection traits in a process of specialization in Dutch Warmblood horses          下载免费PDF全文

G. Rovere  B.J. Ducro  J.A.M. van Arendonk  E. Norberg  P. Madsen 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2017,134(2):162-171

Sport performance in dressage and show jumping are two important traits in the breeding goals of many studbooks. To determine the optimum selection scheme for jumping and dressage, knowledge is needed on the genetic correlation between both disciplines and between traits measured early in life and performance in competition in each discipline. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters to support decision‐making on specialization of breeding horses for dressage and show jumping in Dutch warmblood horses. Genetic correlations between performance of horses in dressage and show jumping were estimated as well as the genetic correlation between traits recorded during studbook‐entry inspections and performance in dressage and show jumping competitions. The information on competition comprised the performance of 82 694 horses in dressage and 62 072 horses in show jumping, recorded in the period 1993–2012. For 26 056 horses, information was available for both disciplines. The information on traits recorded at studbook‐entry inspections comprised 62 628 horses, recorded in the period 1992–2013. Genetic parameters were estimated from the whole dataset and from a subset without horses recorded in both disciplines. Additionally, the genetic parameters were estimated in three different time periods defined by horses' birth year. The genetic correlation between dressage and show jumping in the whole dataset was ?0.23, and it was ?0.03 when it was estimated from horses recorded in only one discipline. The genetic correlation between dressage and show jumping was more negative in the most recent time period in all the cases. The more negative correlation between disciplines in more recent time periods was not reflected in changes in the correlations between competitions traits and the traits recorded in the studbook‐first inspection. These results suggest that a breeding programme under specialization might be most effective defining two separate aggregate breeding goals for each of the disciplines.  相似文献