Phenolic, polysaccharidic, and lipidic fractions of mushrooms from northeastern Portugal: chemical compounds with antioxidant properties     

Heleno SA  Barros L  Martins A  Queiroz MJ  Santos-Buelga C  Ferreira IC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(18):4634-4640

Mushrooms do not constitute a significant portion of the human diet, but their consumption continues to increase due to their functional benefits and presence of bioactive compounds. Some of those compounds can be found in the phenolic, polysaccharidic, and lipidic fractions of edible and inedible species. Herein, those fractions of five wild mushrooms (Coprinopsis atramentaria, Lactarius bertillonii, Lactarius vellereus, Rhodotus palmatus, and Xerocomus chrysenteron) from northeastern Portugal were studied for their chemical composition and antioxidant properties. Protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, and cinnamic acids were found in the phenolic fraction; rhamnose, xylose, fucose, arabinose, fructose, glucose, manose, mannitol, sucrose, maltose, and trehalose were quantified in polysaccharidic fraction; and linoleic and stearic (only in Lactarius sp.) acids, and β- and γ-tocopherols were the main compounds in the lipidic fraction. C. atramentaria and X. chrysenteron phenolic fractions gave the highest free radical scavenging activity, reducing properties, and lipid peroxidation inhibition in brain homogenates, which is in agreement with its highest content in total phenolics. Furthermore, among the polysaccharidic fractions C. atramentaria also gave the highest antioxidant activity, which is in agreement with its highest total polysaccharides content and sugars obtained after hydrolysis.  相似文献   

A 15-year study on the treatment of undernourished children at a nutrition rehabilitation centre (CREN), Brazil     

Fernandes MB  López RV  de Albuquerque MP  Marchesano AC  Clemente AP  Martins VJ  Sawaya AL 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(6):1108-1116

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Antimicrobial and Antimycobacterial Activity of Cyclostellettamine Alkaloids from Sponge Pachychalina sp.     

Jaine H. H. L. de Oliveira  Mirna H. R. Seleghim  Christoph Timm  Achim Grube  Matthias K?ck  Gislene G.F. Nascimento  Ana Claudia T. Martins  Elissa G. O. Silva  Ana Olívia de Souza  Paulo R. R. Minarini  Fabio C. S. Galetti  Célio L. Silva  Eduardo Hajdu  Roberto G. S. Berlinck 《Marine drugs》2006,4(1):1-8

Cyclostellettamines A – F (1 – 6) isolated from the sponge Pachychalina sp. and cyclostellettamines G - I, K and L (7 – 11) obtained by synthesis were evaluated in bioassays of antimicrobial activity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, as well as in antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv bioassays. The results obtained indicated that cyclostellettamines display different antimicrobial activity depending on the alkyl-chain size, suggesting that, if a mechanism-of action is implied, it is dependent on the distance between the two pyridinium moieties of cyclostellettamines.  相似文献   

Histopathological and parasitological study of the gastrointestinal tract of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum     

Aldair JW Pinto  Maria M Figueiredo  Fabiana L Silva  Trycia Martins  Marilene SM Michalick  Washington L Tafuri  Wagner L Tafuri 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):67

Background

The aim of this study was to provide a systematic pathological and parasitological overview of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon, of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania.

Methods

Twenty mongrel dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and obtained from the Control Zoonosis Center of the Municipality of Ribeirão das Neves, Belo Horizonte Metropolitan area, Minas Gerais (MG) state, Brazil, were analyzed. The dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised nine clinically normal dogs and group 2 comprised 11 clinically affected dogs. After necropsy, one sample was collected from each GIT segment, namely the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. Furthermore, paraffin-embedded samples were used for histological and parasitological (immunohistochemistry) evaluation and a morphometrical study were carried out to determine the parasite load (immunolabeled amastigote forms of Leishmania). The Friedman and the Mann Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The Friedman test was used to analyze each segment of the GIT within each group of dogs and the Mann Whitney test was used to compare the GIT segments between clinically unaffected and affected dogs.

Results

The infected dogs had an increased number of macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes, but lesions were generally mild. Parasite distribution in the GIT was evident in all intestinal segments and layers of the intestinal wall (mucosal, muscular and submucosal) irrespective of the clinical status of the dogs. However, the parasite load was statistically higher in the caecum and colon than in other segments of the GIT.

Conclusion

The high parasite burden evident throughout the GIT mucosa with only mild pathological alterations led us to consider whether Leishmania gains an advantage from the intestinal immunoregulatory response (immunological tolerance).  相似文献   

Identification of Hammondia heydorni oocysts by a heminested-PCR (hnPCR-AP10) based on the H. heydorni RAPD fragment AP10     

Soares RM  Lopes EG  Keid LB  Sercundes MK  Martins J  Richtzenhain LJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(1-2):168-172

Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia hammondi, Neospora caninum, Neospora hughesi and Hammondia heydorni are members of the Toxoplasmatinae sub-family. They are closely related coccidians with similarly sized oocysts. Molecular diagnostic techniques, especially those based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), can be successfully applied for the differentiation of Hammondia-like oocysts. In this paper, we describe a rapid and simple method for the identification of H. heydorni oocysts among other members of the Toxoplasmatinae sub-family, using a heminested-PCR (hnPCR-AP10) based on a H. heydorni RAPD fragment available in molecular database. DNA of oocysts of H. heydorni yielded a specific fragment of 289-290 bp in the heminested-PCR assay. No product was yielded when the primers were used for the amplification of DNA extracted from T. gondii, N. caninum, N. hughesi and H. hammondi, thus allowing the differentiation of H. heydorni among other members of the Toxoplasmatinae sub-family. The hnPCR-AP10 was capable of detecting H. heydorni genetic sequences from suspensions with at least 10 oocysts. In conclusion, the hnPCR-AP10 proved to be a reliable method to be used in the identification of H. heydorni oocysts from feces of dogs.  相似文献   

Oocysts of Hepatozoon canis in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from a naturally infected dog     

de Miranda RL  de Castro JR  Olegário MM  Beletti ME  Mundim AV  O'Dwyer LH  Eyal O  Talmi-Frank D  Cury MC  Baneth G 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,177(3-4):392-396

Canine hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne disease caused by protozoans of the genus Hepatozoon. Several tick species have been implicated as potential vectors. Therefore, extensive studies are needed to determine the 'natural' endemic cycle of this parasite. This paper presents the first report of the presence of Hepatozoon canis oocysts in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from an infected dog.  相似文献   

Use of crude, FML and rK39 antigens in ELISA to detect anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in Felis catus     

da Silveira Neto L  Sobrinho LS  Martins CO  Machado RZ  Marcondes M  de Lima VM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,177(3-4):374-377

Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and represents a serious public health problem. The dog is the main urban reservoir of the disease; however, investigations regarding the occurrence and epidemiological importance of leishmaniasis in cats have recently been initiated. This study aimed to detect cats seropositive for Leishmania spp. using different antigens. Additional studies were performed using sera from cats with Toxoplasma gondii (n=15) to evaluate cross-reactivity. Serum samples (n=113) from cats living in the town of Ara?atuba, State of S?o Paulo, Brazil, an endemic area for human and canine visceral leishmaniasis, were tested by indirect ELISA using different antigens: crude (CAG-ELISA), fucose-mannose ligand (FML-ELISA) and K39 (rK39-ELISA). Anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies were detected in 23.0% of samples evaluated by CAG-ELISA, 13.3% by FML-ELISA and 15.9% by RK39-ELISA. Only reactive sera in all three tests were considered truly positive. No disagreement occurred among the tests (p<0.05). Serum samples seropositive for toxoplasmosis tested by CAG-ELISA were negative, but one sample (6.7%) was positive for FML-ELISA and rK39-ELISA suggesting a cross-reaction between these antigens and anti-T. gondii antibodies. These findings indicate the occurrence of feline leishmaniasis in Ara?atuba. Further studies are required to clarify the role of cats in the epidemiological cycle of leishmaniasis.  相似文献   

Genotyping of potentially zoonotic Giardia duodenalis from exotic and wild animals kept in captivity in Brazil     

Soares RM  de Souza SL  Silveira LH  Funada MR  Richtzenhain LJ  Gennari SM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,180(3-4):344-348

We have studied the variability of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and small subunit ribosomal (SSU) rRNA coding genes of Giardia species in fecal samples isolated from wild and exotic animals in Brazil, and compared with homologous sequences of isolates from human and domestic animals characterized in previous studies. Cysts of Giardia duodenalis were obtained from feces of naturally infected monkeys (Alouatta fusca) (n=20), chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) (n=3), ostriches (Struthio camelus) (n=2) and jaguar (Panthera onca) (n=1). Assemblage AI was assigned to the unique isolate of jaguar. All the samples from monkeys, chinchillas, and ostriches were assigned to Assemblage B. There was little evolutionary divergence between the referred isolates and isolates described elsewhere. The Assemblage B isolates identified in this study were closely related to Assemblage BIV isolated from humans. The molecular identification of Assemblages A and B of G. duodenalis isolates from exotic and wild animals demonstrates that such hosts may be a potential reservoir for zoonotic transmission of G. duodenalis.  相似文献   

Acaricidal properties of the essential oil and precocene II obtained from Calea serrata (Asteraceae) on the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)     

Ribeiro VL  dos Santos JC  Martins JR  Schripsema J  Siqueira IR  von Poser GL  Apel MA 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,179(1-3):195-198

Calea serrata Less. (Asteraceae), an endemic species of south Brazil known as "quebra-tudo", is used in Afro-Brazilian religious rituals and in folk medicine for treating liver disorders. Phytochemical studies of the n-hexane extract of this plant demonstrated the presence of precocene II, a benzopyran derivative known for its insecticidal activity. The aim of this work was to isolate this benzopyran and determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of C. serrata and further to evaluate the acaricidal activity of the essential oil and precocene II against the larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The LC(99.9) and LC(50) values obtained with the oil, which presents precocene II and sesquiterpenes, were 3.94 μL/mL and 0.28 μL/mL, respectively. For precocene II this values were 4.25mg/mL and 1.78 mg/mL, respectively. The results indicate a synergistic interaction between the components of the oil and precocene II.  相似文献   

Effects of exogenous amylase on the in vitro digestion kinetics of whole-crop maize silages made from flint or dent grain type at different phenological stages grown in tropical condition     

Abias Santos Silva  Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira  Márcio dos Santos Pedreira  Fernanda Samarini Machado  Mariana Magalhães Campos  Cristina Simões Cortinhas  Tiago Sabella Acedo  Rafael Dantas dos Santos  João Paulo Pacheco Rodrigues  Rogério Martins Maurício  Thierry Ribeiro Tomich 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):76-87

The effect of exogenous amylase on the in vitro rumen digestion kinetics of whole-crop maize silage made from dent (RB9004) or flint grain type (RB9308) was evaluated at different phenological stages: soft dough (SOD), early dent (EAD), ½ milkline (½M) and ¾ milkline (¾M). Forage was harvested from 70 to 110 days after sowing. Two rumen-cannulated cows receiving or not exogenous amylase (0.7 g/kg dry matter—DM, provided to achieve 396 kilo Novo units of amylase activity/kg of TMR DM) were used as donor of ruminal fluid. The in vitro gas production kinetics was evaluated according to a dual-pool logistic model. The chemical composition and gas production kinetics were affected by the hybrid and phenological stages. The flint hybrid had lower range for chemical analysis among physiological stages. Harvesting at ½M and ¾M improved DM content, bromatological composition and silage quality parameters compared to dent or flint types. Amylase (i) increased methane (CH₄) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in ½M stage, (ii) improved digestion kinetics by reducing lag time and increasing total gas production and fermentation rates of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and fibrous carbohydrates (FC), and (iii) increased extent and fermentation rate of NFC and increased fermentation rate of FC fraction in whole-crop maize silages produced from dent or flint types in all phenological stages. Harvesting between ½M and ¾M is the best phenological stage to improve chemical composition and silage quality parameters. Exogenous amylase showed improvements on fibre digestion of silages at ½M and ¾M phenological stages in both grain types of corn.  相似文献