A Case Study on Estimation of Dry Deposition of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds by Inferential Method     

Kazuhide Matsuda  Norio Fukuzaki  Masahito Maeda 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):553-558

In order to estimate dry deposition, deposition velocity calculation and concentration measurement were carried out in Niigata, Japan. Deposition velocities of SO₂ and HNO₃ for some surfaces such as coniferous forest, deciduous forest, agricultural land, and water were calculated taking into account diurnal variations of meteorological elements using routine meteorological data. Deposition velocities of fine and coarse aerosols were also estimated respectively. Concentrations of SO₂, HNO₃, sulfate and nitrate in fine and coarse aerosols respectively were measured from July to December in 1998 using filter pack and denuder methods. The results indicate that HNO₃ dry deposition for the high aerodynamic roughness surfaces such as forests is quite large. It is suggested that sulfate and nitrate aerosols depositions as well as the gases depositions should be taken into account to estimate dry deposition of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. It is also indicated that dry depositions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds are unable to ignore compared with their wet depositions.  相似文献   

Effects of high ambient temperature on urea‐nitrogen recycling in lactating dairy cows     

Taketo OBITSU  Mitsuru KAMIYA  Yuko KAMIYA  Masahito TANAKA  Toshihisa SUGINO  Kohzo TANIGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(4):531-536

Effects of exposure to hot environment on urea metabolism were studied in lactating Holstein cows. Four cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration and housed in a temperature‐controlled chamber at constant moderate (18°C) or high (28°C) ambient temperatures in a cross‐over design. Urea nitrogen (N) kinetics was measured by determining urea isotopomer in urine after single injection of [¹⁵N₂]urea into the jugular vein. Both dry matter intake and milk yield were decreased under high ambient temperature. Intakes of total N and digestible N were decreased under high ambient temperature but urinary urea‐N excretion was increased. The ratio of urea‐N production to digestible N was increased, whereas the proportion of gut urea‐N entry to urea‐N production tended to be decreased under high ambient temperature. Neither return to the ornithine cycle, anabolic use nor fecal excretion of urea‐N recycled to the gut was affected by ambient temperature. Under high ambient temperature, renal clearance of plasma urea was not affected but the gut clearance was decreased. Increase of urea‐N production and reduction of gut urea‐N entry, in relative terms, were associated with increased urinary urea‐N excretion of lactating dairy cows in higher thermal environments.  相似文献   

Demonstration of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and Mannheimia haemolytica antigens in specimens stored for up to 22 months in buffered formalin          下载免费PDF全文

Stephen Mutoloki  Masahito Ishii    Minoru Narita 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2002,66(1):60-63

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and Mannheimia haemolytica antigens were demonstrated in lung tissues that were stored in 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin for 1 to 22 months using the immunoperoxidase method. There were no differences observed in terms of labelling intensity and distribution of M. haemolytica antigens between specimens stored for 1 and 22 months. The labeling intensity in sections from 2-cm thick specimens was comparable to those from 0.2-cm thick specimens. There was no difference observed between pronase-treated and -untreated sections. However, for BHV-1, the labeling intensity in untreated sections was reduced in tissues that had been stored from 12 to 22 months. Sections from thin specimens stored in neutral buffered formalin for 22 months exhibited a stronger staining intensity than those from thick specimens.  相似文献   

Production of Diabetic Offspring Using Cryopreserved Epididymal Sperm by In Vitro Fertilization and Intrafallopian Insemination Techniques in Transgenic Pigs     

Kazuhiro UMEYAMA  Kasumi HONDA  Hitomi MATSUNARI  Kazuaki NAKANO  Tatsuro HIDAKA  Keito SEKIGUCHI  Hironori MOCHIZUKI  Yasuhiro TAKEUCHI  Tsukasa FUJIWARA  Masahito WATANABE  Masaki NAGAYA  Hiroshi NAGASHIMA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(6):599-603

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a useful technique for creating pig strains that model human diseases. However, production of numerous cloned disease model pigs by SCNT for large-scale experiments is impractical due to its complexity and inefficiency. In the present study, we aimed to establish an efficient procedure for proliferating the diabetes model pig carrying the mutant human hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α gene. A founder diabetes transgenic cloned pig was generated by SCNT and treated with insulin to allow for normal growth to maturity, at which point epididymal sperm could be collected for cryopreservation. In vitro fertilization and intrafallopian insemination using the cryopreserved epididymal sperm resulted in diabetes model transgenic offspring. These results suggest that artificial reproductive technology using cryopreserved epididymal sperm could be a practical option for proliferation of genetically modified disease model pigs.  相似文献   

The effect of high ambient temperature on Ca,P and Mg balance and bone turnover in high‐yielding dairy cows     

Yuko KAMIYA  Mitsuru KAMIYA  Masahito TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(4):482-486

We investigated the effect of heat stress on Ca, P and Mg balance and bone turnover in lactating cows. In a 2 × 2 crossover design, four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were kept in a chamber and subjected to a constant moderate (18°C) ambient temperature (MT) or high (28°C) ambient temperature (HT). The cows were fed total mixed ration (Ca, 0.7%; P, 0.4%; Mg, 0.2%) ad libitum. The milk yield under HT (35.4 kg/day) tended to be lower (P < 0.10) than that under MT (43.2 kg/day). The concentrations of milk P (P < 0.05) and Mg (P < 0.01) were significantly lower under HT than MT. The Ca, P and Mg intake (P < 0.10); Ca (P < 0.10), P, and Mg (P < 0.05) secretion into milk; and Ca (P < 0.05), P (P < 0.01), and Mg (P < 0.05) absorption in the intestine were lower under HT than MT. The plasma osteocalcin, a marker of bone turnover, was significantly lower (P < 0.05) under HT than MT. Heat stress did not affect plasma C‐telopeptide of collagen type I, a bone resorption marker, and plasma parathyroid hormone concentration.  相似文献   

Relationship between milk production and plasma concentrations of oxidative stress markers during hot season in primiparous cows     

Masahito TANAKA  Yuko KAMIYA  Tomoyuki SUZUKI  Mitsuru KAMIYA  Yutaka NAKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(4):481-486

Oxidative stress markers, ascorbic acid, and sulfhydryl (SH) residue concentration in primiparous cows' plasma and their relationship to milking performance during hot seasons were investigated. The rectal temperature of cows correlated negatively with SH residue (r = −0.38, n  = 38, P  < 0.05) and ascorbic acid (r = −0.34, P  < 0.05) concentrations in the cows' plasma. The group with a higher concentration of ascorbic acid over the mean value produced significantly more milk ( P  < 0.05) than did the group with a lower ascorbic acid concentration. Although the cows' milk production showed a positive correlation with ascorbic acid concentration in plasma (r = 0.47, P  < 0.05), the relation of SH residue concentration to milk yield was not constant. The plasma SH residue concentration during the hot season correlated positively with milk protein % (r = 0.38, P  < 0.05), lactose % (r = 0.35, P  < 0.05), and solid-non-fat (SNF) % (r = 0.47, P  < 0.05), respectively, but not with fat %. On the other hand, ascorbic acid concentration in plasma showed negative correlations with milk fat % (r = −0.34, P  < 0.05) and protein % (r = −0.49, P  < 0.05), but correlated positively with lactose % (r = 0.52, P  < 0.05). The produced amount (g/day) of milk protein (r = 0.42, P  < 0.05), lactose (r = 0.61, P  < 0.05), and SNF (r = 0.56, P  < 0.05) showed positive correlations with ascorbic acid concentration in plasma.  相似文献   

PRECIPITATION OF AMORPHOUS ALUMINOSILICATES FROM SOLUTIONS CONTAINING MONOMERIC SILICA AND ALUMINIUM IONS     

KOJI WADA  HIROSHI KUBO 《European Journal of Soil Science》1975,26(2):100-111

Monomeric silica solutions were mixed with solutions containing AlCl₃, or Al(OH)_2-55Cl_0-45 to give a SiO₂/Al₂O₃, ratio varying from 8 to 8.0 and were kept at pH 6–0, 7.0, or 8.0 over a period of about I year. All precipitates which formed from solutions with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of 1–0 or higher were X-ray amorphous. The SiO₂/Al₂O₂, ratio of the precipitate varied in the range from 1.0 to 3.0. It increased with the Si concentration and the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of the parent solution and with reaction time. The pH did not affect the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of the precipitate but did affect its dispersion and flocculation. Al³⁺ and Al(OH)_2.55^+0.45 reacted differently with silica and yielded different reaction products. These differences were interpreted in terms of the stability of hydroxy-Al polymer units in the reaction. The amount of NaOH per Al atom which was required to reach and maintain the same pH, increased with the increasing SiO₂/A1₂O ratio of the precipitate, but the value was generally lower than that predicted from ‘one in four’ substitution of Si by Al in four-fold co-ordination. A ‘neutralization’ of the positive charge on the hydroxy-Al cations by silica was pointed out also to be a cause of the extra acidity. Implications of these observations on synthetic amorphous aluminosilicates to the genesis, structure, and properties of their natural counterparts were discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of grazing adaptation on herbage intake,milk production,and body weight change in lactating dairy cows after turning out to pasture in early spring     

Tomohiro Mitani  Sawako Nakajima  Seongjin Oh  Masahito Kawai  Koichiro Ueda 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13639

The present study investigated the effects of adaptation to grazing in early spring on the herbage intake, milk production, and body weight changes in lactating dairy cows. The experiment included 12 Holstein lactating cows during early spring. Six cows were allowed to gradually adapt to grazing (ADP) over 10 days. They were allowed to graze on a pasture for 4 h during the first week and for 19 h during the remaining 3 days (adaptation period). During the 10-day period, the remaining six cows were housed in a barn (CON). Cows in both groups received adequate silage, hay, and concentrate during the adaptation period. Subsequently, cows in both groups were allowed to graze together for 19 h for 4 weeks (experimental period). No cow received supplements during the experimental period. In the first week of the experimental period, the ADP cows showed a higher herbage intake than the CON cows. During the subsequent weeks, there were no differences in herbage intake between the two groups. At the start of the experimental period, milk production and body weight of the ADP cows were higher than those of the CON cows, and this difference lasted until the end of the experiment.  相似文献   

Sequence variability in the mitochondrial DNA control region of five Sebastes species     

Masahito  HIGUCHI  Kazunori  KATO 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):643-650

ABSTRACT: Sequence variability of the control region of mitochondrial DNA in five Sebastes species ( S. thompsoni , S. joyneri , S. inermis , S. schlegeli and S. owstoni ) was investigated. Of 324 nucleotide sites in the control region of S. thompsoni , 56 sites (17.3%) varied, and all 20 individuals had different haplotypes. The other four species had between five and 17 sites (1.5–5.9%), which was fewer than that observed in S. thompsoni . The nucleotide diversity of S. thompsoni was highest (3.45%) among the five species, and that of S. schlegeli was the lowest (0.19%). The results demonstrated that sequence variability exists in the control region of the five Sebastes fishes investigated, and that sequence data in the control region may be suitable for stock structure analysis. Also, the extent of genetic variablitiy in the control region differed among these species. In particular, the mitochondrial DNA control region in S. thompsoni was characterized by high sequence variability, which may indicate a large effective population size.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of pigs with different doses of the African swine fever virus Armenia 07 strain by intramuscular injection and direct contact     

Manabu YAMADA  Kentaro MASUJIN  Ken-ichiro KAMEYAMA  Reiko YAMAZOE  Takashi KUBO  Kei IWATA  Aiko TAMURA  Hiroyuki HIBI  Takayoshi SHIRATORI  Shunjiro KOIZUMI  Kousuke OHASHI  Mitsutaka IKEZAWA  Takehiro KOKUHO  Makoto YAMAKAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(12):1835

We experimentally infected pigs with the African swine fever virus (ASFV) Armenia 07 strain (genotype II) to analyze the effect of different dose injections on clinical manifestations, virus-shedding patterns, histopathology, and transmission dynamics by direct contact. Each three pigs and four pigs were injected intramuscularly with 0.1 fifty percent hemadsorbing doses (HAD₅₀)/ml, 10¹ HAD₅₀/ml and 10⁶ HAD₅₀/ml of ASFV Armenia 07 strain, respectively. Each two of three pigs injected with 0.1 HAD₅₀/ml and 10¹ HAD₅₀/ml died by 10 days post inoculation. All pigs had a gross lesion of splenomegaly. Perigastric and renal lymph nodes were enlarged and resembled blood clots in nine of ten pigs. It was revealed that 0.1 HAD₅₀/ml of this ASFV was sufficient to infect healthy pigs by intramuscular injection and caused sub-acute lethal disease. For the transmission study, two 8-week-old pigs were injected intramuscularly with 10³ HAD₅₀/ml of the same virus. Each of the experimentally inoculated pigs was co-housed with two 8-week-old naive pigs. All contact pigs exhibited clinical manifestations at 6 or 7 days after the experimentally inoculated pigs developed pyrexia. These findings suggest that this strain may spread slowly within a herd. Histologically, lymph nodes resembled blood clots were formed by severe blood absorption and followed hemorrhage result of disruption of the lymphoid sinus filling with absorbed red blood cells. The severity of the gross and histological lesions depended on duration after infection, regardless of the difference of injection doses in this study.  相似文献