Determination of a novel bitter amino acid, pulcherrimine, in the gonad of the green sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus     

Yuko Murata  Noriko U Sata  Masahito Yokoyama  Ryuji Kuwahara  Masaki Kaneniwa  Ichiro Oohara 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):341-345

SUMMARY: A novel bitter amino acid, pulcherrimine was analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a linear gradient elution consisting of methanol/aqueous/acetic acid and methanol/acetic acid mixture, after being labeled with dimethylaminoazobenzenesulfonyl chloride (Dabs-Cl). Linearity of the calibration curve for pulcherrimine was high ( r = 0.994) in the tested range from 0 to 4 μg/mL. By this method, the pulcherrimine content in the ovary and testis of the green sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus , collected in the sea off Iwaki in November 1998, was analyzed. The mean pulcherrimine content in the ovary was 1.37 mg/100 g. In contrast, no pulcherrimine was detected in all testes examined. Correlation between the bitterness and the pulcherrimine content was statistically significant. These results strongly support that pulcherrimine is a bitter principle in the green sea urchin ovaries.  相似文献   

Effects of calcium intake and parity on plasma minerals and bone turnover around parturition     

Yuko KAMIYA  Mitsuru KAMIYA  Masahito TANAKA  Shigeru SHIOYA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(4):325-330

Eight pregnant heifers (primiparous cows) and seven pregnant cows in their second, third and forth pregnancies (multiparous cows) were assigned to two groups and fed either a low calcium (Ca) diet (Ca, 0.46%) or a high Ca diet (Ca, 0.86%) ad libitum from 3 weeks before the expected calving date to 3 days after parturition. All cows were examined for a change in dry matter intake (DMI), plasma minerals and bone turnover around parturition. The dietary Ca level did not affect the DMI in both primiparous and multiparous cows. The DMI of primiparous cows was significantly lower than that of multiparous cows (P < 0.05) in both the low and high dietary Ca groups. The dietary Ca level did not affect the concentrations of plasma Ca, phosphorus, magnesium and parathyroid hormone throughout the experimental period. Plasma phosphorus in primiparous cows was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of multiparous cows around parturition. Plasma Ca and magnesium tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in primiparous cows. The dietary Ca level did not affect the plasma osteocalcin (OC) level measured as bone formation or the urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) excretion measured as bone resorption before parturition in both primiparous and multiparous cows. After parturition, the plasma OC level was lower than it was before parturition in multiparous cows fed a low Ca diet, and in primiparous cows. There were no significant differences in urinary DPD excretion between each group before and after parturition. Both the plasma OC level and urinary DPD excretion of primiparous cows were significantly higher than those of multiparous cows in both the low and high dietary Ca groups.  相似文献   

Effect of high environmental temperatures on ascorbic acid, sulfhydryl residue and oxidized lipid concentrations in plasma of dairy cows     

Masahito TANAKA  Yuko KAMIYA  Mitsuru KAMIYA  Yutaka NAKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(3):301-306

Information on oxidative stress under hot conditions from the levels of cells to organs and the whole body has accumulated in the last decades. Although a hot climate decreased dairy performance, changes of oxidative stress markers under hot conditions have remained obscure. Therefore, the effect of high environmental temperature on ascorbic acid, sulfhydryl (SH) residue and oxidized lipids concentrations in plasma from a total of 128 dairy cows was investigated. The monthly average maximum day temperature varied from 9.2°C in January to 32°C in August of 2004 in this institute. High ambient temperatures increased the rectal temperature of dairy cows up to 39.3°C in August. One of the reducing equivalents in plasma, SH residue concentration, decreased in July compared with December (P < 0.05). Another antiradical molecule, ascorbic acid concentration in plasma, also decreased in July (P < 0.01). The oxidative stress index, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), which was produced from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids under oxidative conditions, increased in summer (P < 0.05). A significant positive relationship of SH residue and ascorbic acid concentrations in the hot season was observed (P < 0.01). A negative correlation between rectal temperatures and ascorbic acid concentrations in the hot season was obtained (P < 0.01). However, TBARS concentration varied independently of the SH residue and ascorbic acid concentration. These results suggest that the response of oxidative stress markers of SH residue, ascorbic acid and TBARS concentration to oxidative stress under hot conditions were not shown to be the same, and that oxidative stress in dairy cows in the hot season increased.  相似文献   

Site-level model–data synthesis of terrestrial carbon fluxes in the CarboEastAsia eddy-covariance observation network: toward future modeling efforts     

Kazuhito Ichii  Masayuki Kondo  Young-Hee Lee  Shao-Qiang Wang  Joon Kim  Masahito Ueyama  Hee-Jeong Lim  Hao Shi  Takashi Suzuki  Akihiko Ito  Hyojung Kwon  Weimin Ju  Mei Huang  Takahiro Sasai  Jun Asanuma  Shijie Han  Takashi Hirano  Ryuichi Hirata  Tomomichi Kato  Sheng-Gong Li  Ying-Nian Li  Takahisa Maeda  Akira Miyata  Yojiro Matsuura  Shohei Murayama  Yuichiro Nakai  Takeshi Ohta  Taku M. Saitoh  Nobuko Saigusa  Kentaro Takagi  Yan-Hong Tang  Hui-Min Wang  Gui-Rui Yu  Yi-Ping Zhang  Feng-Hua Zhao 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(1):13-20

Based on the model–data comparison at the eddy-covariance observation sites from CarboEastAsia datasets, we report the current status of the terrestrial carbon cycle modeling in monsoon Asia. In order to assess the modeling performance and discuss future requirements for both modeling and observation efforts in Asia, we ran eight terrestrial biosphere models at 24 sites from 1901 to 2010. By analyzing the modeled carbon fluxes against the CarboEastAsia datasets, the strengths and weaknesses of terrestrial biosphere modeling over Asia were evaluated. In terms of pattern and magnitude, the carbon fluxes (i.e., gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange) at the temperate and boreal forest sites were simulated best, whereas the simulation results from the tropical forest, cropland, and disturbed sites were poor. The multi-model ensemble mean values showed lower root mean square errors and higher correlations, suggesting that composition of multiple terrestrial biosphere models would be preferable for terrestrial carbon budget assessments in Asia. These results indicate that the current model-based estimation of terrestrial carbon budget has large uncertainties, and future research should further refine the models to permit re-evaluation of the terrestrial carbon budget.  相似文献   

Effect of different dietary taurine levels on the conjugated bile acid composition and growth performance of juvenile and fingerling Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus     

Shin-Kwon Kim  Hiroyuki Matsunari  Masahito Yokoyama  Kenji Ishihara 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(4):595-601

This study investigated the effects of different taurine levels on the conjugated bile acid composition and growth performance of juvenile and fingerling Japanese flounder. Five level diets of dietary taurine were prepared by the supplementation of taurine (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.5%) to a basal composition. Fish meal washed with 70% ethanol to remove taurine was used as the sole protein source. Two feeding experiments were carried out at 20 °C by using different sized fish (BW: 0.7 g and 9.6 g). Both size groups of fish were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks. At the end of experiments, fish were weighed and stored at − 80 °C for analysis of free amino acids and conjugated bile acids composition. The body weight and feed efficiency of Japanese flounder were improved by taurine supplementation in the experimental diets. The taurine contents of the whole body and tissues increased with the increase of the taurine supplementation. The conjugated bile acids in gall bladder were composed with taurocholic acid (Expt.I: 33.0-146.8 mg/ml; Expt.II: 64.8-145.3 mg/ml) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (Expt.I: 0.8-5.5 mg/ml; Expt.II: 3.5-4.9 mg/ml). These bile acids increased with the increase of the dietary taurine level. Taurocholic acid accounted for more than 95% of the total conjugated bile acids. No other conjugated bile acids except the taurine conjugated bile acids were detected in the gall bladder of Japanese flounder. This means that taurine is the sole amino acid to conjugate bile acid in Japanese flounder. Dietary taurine intake affects the conjugated bile acid composition in juvenile and fingerling Japanese flounder.  相似文献   

Breeding and brewing quality of the Canadian malting barley variety ‘CDC Goldstar’ lacking lipoxygenase-1     

Masahito Nanamori  Yoshiro Tokizono  Takehiro Hoki  Wataru Saito  Ryota Aritomo  Tsutomu Yamaki  Naohiko Hirota  Narushi Suda  Aaron Beattie 《Breeding Science》2021,71(2):277

Various types of malt quality profiles have been investigated to benefit the North American brewing industry. Herein, we report the development and brewing quality of the hulled, two-row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety ‘CDC Goldstar’ lacking lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1-less). This new variety offers a novel malt type for the improvement of beer flavor stability. The agronomic performance of ‘CDC Goldstar’ was tested in the Western Cooperative Two Row Barley Registration Trials during 2013–2014. In addition to high lodging tolerance, the new variety showed 6% higher yield than the current leading variety ‘CDC Copeland’. The malt quality of ‘CDC Goldstar’ showed higher diastatic power and lower wort β-glucan content than ‘CDC Copeland’ and controllable proteolytic modification (soluble nitrogen and Kolbach Index). Pilot- (100 L) and commercial-scale (5,000 L) brewing trials were conducted using ‘CDC PlatinumStar’, another LOX-1-less variety with a low enzymatic profile, as the control variety. Absence of the LOX-1 trait from ‘CDC Goldstar’ maintained trans-2-nonenal levels in aged beers as low as those in other LOX-1-less varieties without affecting major beer parameters, such as ester and aldehyde content or foam stability. The newly developed ‘CDC Goldstar’ malting barley provides added value for the beer industry and consumers.  相似文献   

利用农杆菌介导Bar基因转化稻瘟病菌*     

袁  远；辻元人；久保康之；何月秋 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,22(5):760-761

 用携带除草剂抗性基因（Bar基因）的质粒pBIG4MRBrev和农杆菌EHA105，建立了农杆菌介导Bar基因转化稻瘟病菌的转化体系，使稻瘟病菌菌株95－8－36得到高效转化，且能稳定表达。  相似文献   

Continuous plasma outflows from the edge of a solar active region as a possible source of solar wind     

Sakao T  Kano R  Narukage N  Kotoku J  Bando T  Deluca EE  Lundquist LL  Tsuneta S  Harra LK  Katsukawa Y  Kubo M  Hara H  Matsuzaki K  Shimojo M  Bookbinder JA  Golub L  Korreck KE  Su Y  Shibasaki K  Shimizu T  Nakatani I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5856):1585-1588

The Sun continuously expels a huge amount of ionized material into interplanetary space as the solar wind. Despite its influence on the heliospheric environment, the origin of the solar wind has yet to be well identified. In this paper, we report Hinode X-ray Telescope observations of a solar active region. At the edge of the active region, located adjacent to a coronal hole, a pattern of continuous outflow of soft-x-ray-emitting plasmas was identified emanating along apparently open magnetic field lines and into the upper corona. Estimates of temperature and density for the outflowing plasmas suggest a mass loss rate that amounts to approximately 1/4 of the total mass loss rate of the solar wind. These outflows may be indicative of one of the solar wind sources at the Sun.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary taurine levels on growth and feeding behavior of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus     

Shin-Kwon Kim  Toshio Takeuchi  Masahito Yokoyama  Yuko Murata  Masaki Kaneniwa  Yoshitaka Sakakura 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):765-774

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary taurine levels on growth and feeding behavior of juvenile Japanese flounder. Three different taurine level diets were prepared by supplementation of taurine (T-0%, 0.5% and 1.5%) to the basal diet. Fish meal washed with 70% ethanol to remove taurine was used as the sole protein source. Feeding experiments were carried out twice at 20 °C by using different size of fish (average body weight: 0.3 g in Experiment I and 3.7 g in Experiment II). The feeding behavior of fish was observed throughout the experimental period. At the end of experiments, fish were killed for amino acids analysis.

The final average body weight and feed efficiency of juvenile Japanese flounder fed the T-1.5% diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed the T-0% diet in Experiments I and II. Abnormal feeding behavior such as multiple feeding while swimming in the water column was observed in the T-0% group in Experiment I. These findings indicate that taurine is essential for normal growth and development of normal feeding behavior of juvenile Japanese flounder.  相似文献