Treatment of cow-waste slurry by a microbial fuel cell and the properties of the treated slurry as a liquid manure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroshi YOKOYAMA  Hideyuki OHMORI  Mitsuyoshi ISHIDA  Miyoko WAKI  Yasuo TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):634-638

Resource recycling and the proper treatment of animal waste to reduce its environmental impact are currently important issues for the livestock industry. A microbial fuel cell (MFC), a new type of bioreactor, is expected to play roles in both waste‐water purification and energy recovery. However, the generation of electricity from cow waste has not yet been examined. In this study, using an MFC, we examined the possibility of generating electricity from dairy‐cow waste slurry, and analyzed the properties of the treated slurry as liquid manure for resource recycling. The MFC treatment of the slurry generated electricity in a dose‐dependent manner, and the maximum power output by the MFC from a 1 g of chemical oxygen demand/L slurry was 0.34 mW/m². After the MFC treatment, 84% of the biological oxygen demand in the slurry was removed and three essential fertilizer elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) were retained at 84, 70, and 91% levels, respectively. The amount of ammonia nitrogen in the slurry, as an element of fast‐release fertilizer, was increased by 1.9‐fold. Although the treated slurry displayed properties that made it preferable as liquid manure, further studies to improve the electrical power output by the MFC are required for practical use.  相似文献   

Differences in the behavior of the crossbred steers of different sire lines of Japanese Black cattle     

Katsuji UETAKE  Toshie ISHIWATA  Robert J. KILGOUR  Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(2):184-186

We determined differences in the behavior of the progeny of two major sire lines of Japanese Black cattle by recording the behavior of 35 and 70 half-sib steers of sires from fast (FG) and slow (SG) growing lines, respectively. Two sire lines of steers were mixed and allocated to nine pens with 11–12 animals per pen. The proportion of steers lying was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the SG line (43.4 ± 5.7% compared to 40.3 ± 6.0%). The proportion of time spent eating concentrate feed (FG: 12.1 ± 2.3%; SG: 11.4 ± 2.1%), drinking (FG: 0.8 ± 1.1%; SG: 0.4 ± 0.6%), licking the feed trough (FG: 0.4 ± 0.6%; SG: 0.2 ± 0.4%) and performing tongue-playing (FG: 3.1 ± 4.6%; SG: 1.0 ± 1.9%) was significantly higher in FG, whereas the proportion of time spent resting (FG: 41.5 ± 12.8%; SG: 43.7 ± 10.9%) and performing self-licking (FG: 1.7 ± 1.4%; SG: 2.1 ± 1.3%) was higher in SG (all P < 0.05). These results show progeny of the FG sire engaged in more active behaviors compared to the progeny of the SG sire line.  相似文献   

Preparation and characterization of edible films from fish water-soluble proteins     

K IYOMI  IWATA  S HOICHIRO  ISHIZAKI  A KIHIRO  HANDA  M UNEHIKO  TANAKA 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(2):372-378

  相似文献   

Calcium ions are involved in egress of Babesia bovis merozoites from bovine erythrocytes     

Ehab MOSSAAD  Masahito ASADA  Daichi NAKATANI  Noboru INOUE  Naoaki YOKOYAMA  Osamu KANEKO  Shin-ichiro KAWAZU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(1):53-58

Bovine babesiosis is a livestock disease known to cause economic losses in endemic areas. The apicomplexan parasite Babesia bovis is able to invade and destroy the host’s erythrocytes leading to the serious pathologies of the disease, such as anemia and hemoglobinuria. Understanding the egress mechanisms of this parasite is therefore a key step to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this study, the possible involvement of Ca²⁺ in the egress of B. bovis merozoites from infected erythrocytes was investigated. Egress was artificially induced in vitro using calcium ionophore A23187 and thapsigargin to increase Ca²⁺ concentration in the cytosol of the parasite cells. The increased intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration following these treatments was confirmed using live cell Ca²⁺ imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Based on our findings, we suggest a Ca²⁺ signalling pathway in the egress of B. bovis merozoites.  相似文献   

Variations in the morphology of Rhizomucor pusillus in granulomatous lesions of a Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus)     

Fumiko SUZUTA  Kumiko KIMURA  Ryo URAKAWA  Yukio KUSUDA  Shogo TANAKA  Yasuko HANAFUSA  Makoto HARITANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):1029-1031

This report presents a new case of mucormycosis encountered in penguin characterized by morphological variation of hyphae and presence of sporangia with numerous sporangiospores. A 4.5-year-old Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) died after exhibiting anorexia, poor nutritional condition and dyspnea. Multiple nodular lesions were observed in the thoracic and abdominal regions. Histopathologically, hyphae of various sizes were seen in the lungs, air sac and nodular lesions. Myriad sporangiospores and several sporangia were observed in/around the bronchi or parabronchi. The very narrow and short hyphae in the nodules were not consistent with the characteristics of Mucorales. However, for most hyphae, including those in the nodules, sporangiospores and sporangia, immunohistochemistry revealed Mucorales-positive reactions. In addition, these fungi were identified as Rhizomucor pusillus by gene analysis.  相似文献   

Effects of aluminum hinged shoes on the structure of contracted feet in Thoroughbred yearlings     

Kousuke TANAKA  Atsushi HIRAGA  Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI  Atsutoshi KUWANO  Scott Edward MORRISON 《Journal of Equine Science》2015,26(2):67-71

  相似文献   

Oxidative stress inducers potentiate 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated pre-cardiac edema in larval zebrafish     

Katsuki TANAKA  Hikaru ADACHI  Hironobu AKASAKA  Junya TAMAOKI  Yuji FUSE  Makoto KOBAYASHI  Takio KITAZAWA  Hiroki TERAOKA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1050

We reported the involvement of oxidative stress and prostaglandins including thromboxane and prostacyclin in pre-cardiac edema (early edema) caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). While the involvement of oxidative stress in TCDD-induced toxicity has been frequently reported, the mechanism of its action is still unclear. In the present study, oxidative stress inducers including paraquat, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and rotenone augmented early edema (edema) induced by a low concentration of TCDD (0.1 ppb) at 55 hr post fertilization (hpf), while each of them alone did not cause edema. Edema caused by TCDD plus oxidative stress inducers was almost abolished by antioxidants, an antagonist for thromboxane receptor (ICI-192,605) and an agonist for prostacyclin receptor (beraprost), suggesting that the site of action of these inducers was in the regular signaling pathway after activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor type 2 (AHR2) by TCDD. Oxidative stress inducers also enhanced edema caused by an agonist for the thromboxane receptor (U46619), and the enhancement was also inhibited by antioxidants. Sulforaphane and auranofin, activators of Nrf2 that is a master regulator of anti-oxidative response, did not affect U46619-evoked edema but almost abolished TCDD-induced edema and potentiation by paraquat in both TCDD- and U46619-induced edema. Taken together, the results suggest that oxidative stress augments pre-cardiac edema caused by TCDD via activation of thromboxane receptor-mediated signaling in developing zebrafish. As paraquat and other oxidative stress inducers used also are environmental pollutants, interaction between dioxin-like compounds and exogenous source of oxidative stress should also be considered.  相似文献   

A method for calculating numerical estimates of gear selectivity curve   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

EIJI  TANAKA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(5):1081-1087

The present paper proposes a method for estimating the numerical curve of gear selectivity without the assumption of function of selectivity curve and estimating confidence intervals, using data of catch per unit effort at length for several nets of different mesh sizes obtained from fishing experiments. The paper assumes such geometric similarity as the selectivity is the same if the rate of fish length to mesh size is the same. The basic idea is due to a technique of numerical integration that uses the derivatives at various points. The natural logarithm of selectivity is expressed by an approximation equation using its cumulated derivatives. The values of derivatives at various lengths are calculated from the data. The confidence intervals are made from the bootstrap samples. The method was applied to the data of catch at length by mesh size of gill net for pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha . Data collection, modification and issues of the method are discussed.  相似文献   

Role of sodium bicarbonate on the initiation of sperm motility in the Japanese eel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Satoru  TANAKA  Tomoko  UTOH  Yoshiaki  YAMADA  Noriyuki  HORIE  Akihiro  OKAMURA  Atsushi  AKAZAWA  Naomi  MIKAWA  Hideo P  OKA  Hisashi  KUROKURA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):780-787

ABSTRACT:   In order to find out the role of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) on the initiation of sperm motility in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica , interactions were investigated between NaHCO₃ and various reagents (K⁺ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine [4-AP], ammonium chloride [NH₄Cl], sodium acetate and calcium chloride [CaCl₂]) that could regulate internal factors (intracellular K⁺, intracellular pH [[pH]_i] and intracellular Ca²⁺) in sperm motility. Contradictory effects of NaHCO₃ were observed (i.e. an inhibitory effect when 4-AP was absent and a promoting effect when 4-AP was present). Sodium bicarbonate inhibited the initiation of sperm motility in the Japanese eel. However, NaHCO₃ restored the motility of immotile sperm that 4-AP inhibited. The inhibitory effect of NaHCO₃ disappeared with the addition of NH₄Cl, which raised [pH]_i, but the promoting effect was not affected by [pH]_i. Although NaHCO₃ recovered motility in the presence of 4-AP, this recovery was also observed with the addition of CaCl₂ instead of NaHCO₃. In the initiation of sperm motility in the Japanese eel, two roles for NaHCO₃ are suggested: an inhibitory role relating to the regulation of [pH]_i and a promoting role relating to the uptake of another initiation factor, which could be Ca²⁺.  相似文献   

Oral Administration of Fermented Probiotics Improves the Condition of Feces in Adult Horses     

Saori ISHIZAKA  Akira MATSUDA  Yosuke AMAGAI  Kumiko OIDA  Hyosun JANG  Yuko UEDA  Masaki TAKAI  Akane TANAKA  Hiroshi MATSUDA 《Journal of Equine Science》2014,25(4):65-72

  相似文献