Expression of pancreatic enzyme genes during the early larval stage of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TADAHIDE KUROKAWA  TOHRU SUZUKI  HIROMI OHTA  HIROHIKO KAGAWA  HIDEKI TANAKA  TATSUYA UNUMA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(4):736-744

ABSTRACT: To reveal the ontogeny of pancreatic exocrine function in the early larval stage of eel, cDNAs encoding major pancreatic enzymes, trypsinogen, amylase and lipase were identified from the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and their expression pattern in larvae was analyzed. The cloned eel trypsinogen precursor consisted of 224 amino acids and showed 82.2% identity to trypsinogen-2 of winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus . The eel amylase precursor consisted of 512 amino acids and showed 77% identity to winter flounder amylase. Eel pancreatic lipase was composed of 470 amino acids and had 58.3% of identity to human pancreatic lipase. In the eel larvae, mRNA expression of trypsinogen and amylase was first detected at 6 days post-hatching (d.p.h.), and the expression level increased between 7 and 8 d.p.h. In contrast, mRNA expression of lipase was first detected at 8 d.p.h. Eel larvae start to feed actively at 8 d.p.h. Thus, it was indicated that eel pancreas starts to synthesize digestive enzymes at 6 d.p.h. and acquires full function by the onset of exogenous feeding at 8 d.p.h.  相似文献   

Dynamics of fishing gear allocation by fishers in small-scale coastal fisheries of Pelabuhanratu Bay, Indonesia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. S. WIYONO  S. YAMADA  E. TANAKA  T. ARIMOTO  & T. KITAKADO 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2006,13(3):185-195

Abstract  Fishing gear usage in small-scale coastal fisheries of Pelabuhanratu Bay, Indonesia was explained by two approaches: temporal fishing gear allocation analysis and adaptive responses of fishers to external factors, especially climate and abundance of target species. Gear usage, with the exception of hand lines and seine nets, was more intensive during the dry season than the rainy season. The decision to use seine nets was governed by seasonal variability in the abundance of Auxis thazard , Lacepède, and Trichiurus spp. to the catch. Sustainable management of fishing activities in Pelabuhanratu Bay requires proportional reductions in the use of lift nets and fixed gillnets across the seasons rather than gear specific effort reductions.  相似文献   

A Case Study on Estimation of Dry Deposition of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds by Inferential Method     

Kazuhide Matsuda  Norio Fukuzaki  Masahito Maeda 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):553-558

In order to estimate dry deposition, deposition velocity calculation and concentration measurement were carried out in Niigata, Japan. Deposition velocities of SO₂ and HNO₃ for some surfaces such as coniferous forest, deciduous forest, agricultural land, and water were calculated taking into account diurnal variations of meteorological elements using routine meteorological data. Deposition velocities of fine and coarse aerosols were also estimated respectively. Concentrations of SO₂, HNO₃, sulfate and nitrate in fine and coarse aerosols respectively were measured from July to December in 1998 using filter pack and denuder methods. The results indicate that HNO₃ dry deposition for the high aerodynamic roughness surfaces such as forests is quite large. It is suggested that sulfate and nitrate aerosols depositions as well as the gases depositions should be taken into account to estimate dry deposition of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. It is also indicated that dry depositions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds are unable to ignore compared with their wet depositions.  相似文献   

Effects of high ambient temperature on urea‐nitrogen recycling in lactating dairy cows     

Taketo OBITSU  Mitsuru KAMIYA  Yuko KAMIYA  Masahito TANAKA  Toshihisa SUGINO  Kohzo TANIGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(4):531-536

Effects of exposure to hot environment on urea metabolism were studied in lactating Holstein cows. Four cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration and housed in a temperature‐controlled chamber at constant moderate (18°C) or high (28°C) ambient temperatures in a cross‐over design. Urea nitrogen (N) kinetics was measured by determining urea isotopomer in urine after single injection of [¹⁵N₂]urea into the jugular vein. Both dry matter intake and milk yield were decreased under high ambient temperature. Intakes of total N and digestible N were decreased under high ambient temperature but urinary urea‐N excretion was increased. The ratio of urea‐N production to digestible N was increased, whereas the proportion of gut urea‐N entry to urea‐N production tended to be decreased under high ambient temperature. Neither return to the ornithine cycle, anabolic use nor fecal excretion of urea‐N recycled to the gut was affected by ambient temperature. Under high ambient temperature, renal clearance of plasma urea was not affected but the gut clearance was decreased. Increase of urea‐N production and reduction of gut urea‐N entry, in relative terms, were associated with increased urinary urea‐N excretion of lactating dairy cows in higher thermal environments.  相似文献   

Overall welfare assessment of laying hens: Comparing science‐based,environment‐based and animal‐based assessments     

Marc B. M. BRACKE  Rudi M. DE MOL  Satoshi HIRAHARA  Katsuji UETAKE  Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):150-160

To increase the validity of evaluations and facilitate expansion and maintenance of assessment systems, we constructed a database of studies on the welfare of laying hens around the world. On the basis of this database, we devised a science‐based welfare assessment model. Our model includes measurements, levels and weightings based on the scientific studies in the database, and can clarify the advantages and disadvantages of housing systems for laying hens from the viewpoint of the five freedoms. We also evaluated the usefulness of our model by comparing it with environment‐based Animal Needs Index (ANI), another science‐based model called FOWEL, and animal‐based measurements. Our model showed that freedom from injury, pain and disease, and freedom from discomfort were more secure in the cage system, while non‐cage systems scored better for natural behavior and freedom from fear and distress. A significant strong‐positive correlation was found between the animal‐based assessment and the total scores of ANI (rs = 0.94, P < 0.05), FOWEL (rs = 0.99, P < 0.05) or our model (rs = 0.99, P < 0.05), which indicate that these different approaches to welfare assessment may be used almost interchangeably to ‘measure’ a common property (‘overall laying hen welfare’). However, assessments using our model and FOWEL were more sensitive than ANI and can be applied to cage systems, which suggest that our model and FOWEL may have added value.  相似文献   

Molecular phylogeny and diversity of Myanmar and Bhutan mithun based on mtDNA sequences     

Kazuaki TANAKA  Tatsuya TAKIZAWA  Hayato MURAKOSHI  Tashi DORJI  Maung Maung NYUNT  Yoshizane MAEDA  Yoshio YAMAMOTO  Takao NAMIKAWA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):52-56

The mithun (Bos frontalis), synonymous with mithan and gayal, is considered to be a domesticated form of gaur (B. gaurus). However, there has been a controversy concerning its origin. In an effort to address this issue, the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) genes of 20 mithun from Myanmar and 13 from Bhutan were sequenced to trace its maternal origin. Seven cytb haplotypes were found in the 33 mithun, and the phylogenetic tree for these haplotypes clearly showed three embranchments involving five gaur types, a B. indicus type, and a B. taurus type. Sixteen Myanmar and 12 Bhutan mithun had gaur haplotypes, while a B. indicus haplotype was found in three Myanmar and one Bhutan mithun. The B. taurus haplotype was detected in a single Myanmar animal. These results demonstrated that the principal maternal origin of mithun was gaur and suggested that it was directly domesticated from gaur. However, some introgression of domestic cattle existed in current mithun populations. The presence of cattle mtDNA raised the question of how many cattle nuclear genes might have been integrated into the gene pool of mithun.  相似文献   

Behavioral indexes of piglet welfare: Comparison of indoor and outdoor housing systems     

Kouzo NAKAMURA  Toshio TANAKA  Kouji NISHIDA  Katsuji UETAKE 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):161-168

The purpose of this experiment was to establish behavioral indexes of piglet welfare. Forty‐eight piglets were allocated to either four indoor pens or four outdoor pens (six piglets per pen). The indoor system was a commercial pen that consisted of a concrete floor and a slat floor. The outdoor system had a dirt paddock with a wooden hutch. Growth performance, salivary cortisol levels, skin lesions and behaviors of the piglets were monitored for 4 weeks. Sixteen types of behaviors were recorded by using 2‐min instantaneous scan sampling for 8 h/day. Growth performance and salivary cortisol levels did not significantly differ between the two housing systems. On the other hand, skin lesions and behaviors were significantly affected by the housing system. The number of skin lesions was higher in the indoor system. In addition, piglets in the outdoor system showed more investigative and social‐play behaviors than those in the indoor system. Piglets in the indoor system showed more resting, drinking, moving, fighting, and conflict behaviors than those in the outdoor system. We conclude that investigative, social‐play and conflict behaviors may be effective indexes of the welfare level of piglets, especially investigative and conflict behaviors.  相似文献   

Approachability and contact behavior of commercial dairy calves to humans     

Katsuji UETAKE  Shigeru MORITA  Yoshiko KOBAYASHI  Shinji HOSHIBA  Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(1):73-78

Calves (n = 106) on four dairy farms were observed for their approachability to humans. All calves experienced similar rearing conditions: Beginning individual pen, after birth until weaning at about 2 months, where they were housed individually and fed milk and a milk replacement; Late individual pen, after weaning until grouping at about 3.5 months, where they were housed individually and fed hay, silage and concentrate feed; Beginning group pen, after grouping until 5 months, where they were housed in groups of 2–5 animals and fed hay, silage and concentrate feed; later group pen, from 5 to 7 months. The number of calves that contacted an experimenter who stood in front of their pens for 10 min was recorded on 6 separate days over 3 months. Latency to touch and time spent in activities during touching such as sucking, licking, biting and rubbing were also measured. There were no significant differences in the latency to touch and the ratio of touch to non‐touch calves between the rearing conditions and the farms. The time spent touching was significantly affected by the interaction between the rearing condition and the farm (P < 0.01). In detail, the time spent sucking (P < 0.001) and licking (P < 0.01) was different between the rearing condition × farm variables. The proportion of calves that approached and touched the experimenter tended to be higher in the farms in which a stockperson worked longer inside and outside their pens (both ρ = 0.95, P = 0.051). These results were interpreted according to the perspectives of early positive reinforcement with food and the habituation process to humans existing nearby.  相似文献   

Role of prostaglandin in the control of ovulation in the Japaneseeel Anguilla japonica     

HIROHIKO  KAGAWA  HIDEKI  TANAKA  TATSUYA  UNUMA  HIROMI  OHTA  KOICHIRO  GEN  KOICHI  OKUZAWA 《Fisheries Science》2003,69(2):234-241

ABSTRACT:   The in vitro effects of 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one(DHP) and prostaglandins (PGE₁, PGE₂, PGF_1α,PGF_2α) on ovulation in the Japanese eel Anguillajaponica were examined. Oocytes with follicle layers at themigratory nucleus stage (approximately 850–900 µmdiameter) were removed using a polyethylene cannula from artificiallymatured fish. At concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/mL,DHP was found to induce both germinal vesicle breakdown and ovulation.The prostaglandins, except for PGE₁, effectively inducedovulation of previously matured oocytes by DHP treatment in vitro .Prostaglandin F_2α was the most effective. Asignificant increase in ovulation rate was observed even at a concentrationof 0.01 µg/mL PGF_2α.Indomethacin blocked the in vitro ovulation induced by DHPand addition of PGF_2α reversed indomethacin-blockedovulation. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide blocked DHP-induced ovulationand PGF_2α reversed the effects of both inhibitors. Theseresults indicate that DHP induces ovulation through endogenous prostaglandinsynthesis in the follicle layers of the Japanese eel.  相似文献   

Demonstration of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and Mannheimia haemolytica antigens in specimens stored for up to 22 months in buffered formalin          下载免费PDF全文

Stephen Mutoloki  Masahito Ishii    Minoru Narita 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2002,66(1):60-63

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and Mannheimia haemolytica antigens were demonstrated in lung tissues that were stored in 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin for 1 to 22 months using the immunoperoxidase method. There were no differences observed in terms of labelling intensity and distribution of M. haemolytica antigens between specimens stored for 1 and 22 months. The labeling intensity in sections from 2-cm thick specimens was comparable to those from 0.2-cm thick specimens. There was no difference observed between pronase-treated and -untreated sections. However, for BHV-1, the labeling intensity in untreated sections was reduced in tissues that had been stored from 12 to 22 months. Sections from thin specimens stored in neutral buffered formalin for 22 months exhibited a stronger staining intensity than those from thick specimens.  相似文献