Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in needles of two cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) clones     

La Porta N  Bertamini M  Nedunchezhian N  Raddi P  Muthuchelian K 《Tree physiology》2005,25(8):1033-1039

Photoinhibition of photosynthesis and photosynthetic recovery were studied in detached needles of cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) Clones 52 and 30 under controlled conditions of high irradiation (about 1900 micromol m(-2) s(-1) for 60 min; HL treatment), followed by 60 min in darkness. The degree of photoinhibition was determined based on the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), which is a measure of the potential efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), and on electron transport measurements. The Fv/Fm ratio declined in needles of both clones in response to the HL treatment. Minimal fluorescence (Fo) increased in HL-treated needles of both clones. The HL treatment decreased rates of whole-chain and PSII activity of isolated thylakoids more in Clone 52 than in Clone 30. In needles of both clones, PSI activity was less sensitive to photoinhibition than PSII activity. In the subsequent 60-min dark incubation, fast recovery was observed in needles of both clones, with PSII efficiencies reaching similar values to those in non-photoinhibited needles. The artificial exogenous electron donors diphenyl carbazide (DPC), hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and manganese chloride (MnCl2) failed to restore the HL-induced loss of PSII activity in needles of Clone 30, whereas DPC and NH2OH significantly restored PSII activity in photoinhibited needles of Clone 52. Quantification of the PSII reaction center protein D1 and the 33-kDa protein of the water-splitting complex following HL treatment of needles revealed pronounced differences between Clone 52 and Clone 30. The large decrease in PSII activity in HL-treated needles was caused by the marked loss of D1 protein and 33-kDa protein in Clone 30 and Clone 52, respectively.  相似文献   

COMBINATION OF RADIATION THERAPY AND FIROCOXIB FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANINE NASAL CARCINOMA          下载免费PDF全文

Simona Cancedda  Silvia Sabattini  Giuliano Bettini  Vito F. Leone  Paola Laganga  Federica Rossi  Rossella Terragni  Giacomo Gnudi  Massimo Vignoli 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(3):335-343

Carcinomas represent two‐thirds of canine nasosinal neoplasms. Although radiation therapy (RT) is the standard of care, the incidence of local recurrence following treatment is high. Cyclooxygenase‐isoform‐2 (COX‐2) is expressed in 71–95% of canine nasal carcinomas and has been implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Accordingly, COX‐2 inhibition seems rational to improve outcome. Dogs with histologically confirmed, previously untreated nasal carcinomas were randomized to receive the combination of a selective COX‐2 inhibitor (firocoxib) and palliative RT (Group 1) or RT and placebo (Group 2). Patients were regularly monitored with blood tests, urinalysis, and computed tomography. Pet owners were asked to complete monthly a quality‐of‐life questionnaire. Twenty‐four dogs were prospectively enrolled. According to Adams modified system, there were five stage 1, five stage 2, three stage 3, and 11 stage 4 tumors. Two dogs had metastases to regional lymph nodes. Median progression‐free interval and overall survival were 228 and 335 days in Group 1 (n = 12) and 234 and 244 days in Group 2 (n = 12). These differences were not statistically significant. The involvement of regional lymph nodes was significantly associated with progression‐free interval and overall survival (P = 0.004). Quality of life was significantly improved in Group 1 (P = 0.008). In particular, a significant difference was observed for activity and appetite. Although not providing a significant enhancement of progression‐free interval and overall survival, firocoxib in combination with RT is safe and improved life quality in dogs with nasal carcinomas.  相似文献   

Dorsal midbrain syndrome associated with persistent neck extension: Clinical and diagnostic imaging findings in 2 dogs     

Sara Canal  Massimo Baroni  Cristian Falzone  Giulia M. De Benedictis  Marco Bernardini 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(12):1261-1265

Two young dogs were evaluated for an acute onset of abnormal head posture and eye movement. Neurological examination was characterized mostly by permanent neck extension, abnormalities of pupils, and eye movement. A mesencephalic mass lesion was detected on magnetic resonance imaging in both cases. Neurophysiological pathways likely responsible for this peculiar clinical presentation are discussed.  相似文献   

Dispersal and colonization risk of the Walnut Twig Beetle,Pityophthorus juglandis,in southern Europe     

Marchioro  Matteo  Faccoli  Massimo 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):303-313

Journal of Pest Science - The Walnut Twig Beetle (WTB), Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, is a small bark beetle native to Mexico and Southwestern USA recorded for the first time in Europe (NE...  相似文献   

Exploiting trap color to improve surveys of longhorn beetles     

Cavaletto  Giacomo  Faccoli  Massimo  Marini  Lorenzo  Spaethe  Johannes  Giannone  Filippo  Moino  Simone  Rassati  Davide 《Journal of pest science》2021,94(3):871-883

Journal of Pest Science - Longhorn beetles are commonly moved among continents within wood packaging materials used in trades. Visual inspections carried out at points of entry often fail to detect...  相似文献   

Administration of Probiotic Strain to Improve Sea Bream Wellness during Development     

Oliana Carnevali  Maria Claudia Zamponi  Roberto Sulpizio  Arianna Rollo  Miria Nardi  Carla Orpianesi  Stefania Silvi  Massimo Caggiano  Alberta Maria Polzonetti  Alberto Cresci 《Aquaculture International》2004,12(4-5):377-386

Two bacterial strains Lactobacillus fructivorans (AS17B), isolated from adult sea bream (Sparus aurata) gut, and Lactobacillus plantarum (906), isolated from human faeces, were administered contemporaneously, during sea bream development using Brachionus plicatilis and/or Artemia salina and dry feed as vectors. The probiotic treatment influenced gut colonization: at 35 days post-hatching (p.h.) L. fructivorans was not present in the gut, but the treatment induced colonization by L. plantarum. At 66 days p.h., L. fructivorans was evident also in the control; moreover, when suitable environmental conditions appeared in the post-metamorphosis gastro-intestinal tract, competition between L. plantarum and L. fructivorans occurred. At 90 days p.h., L. plantarum was displaced by L. fructivorans that became significantly higher with respect to the control. In treated groups, probiotic administration significantly decreased larvae and fry mortality.  相似文献   

Historical DNA as a tool to genetically characterize the Mediterranean sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus,Lamniformes: Odontaspididae): A species probably disappeared from this basin     

Tatiana Fioravanti  Filippo Bargnesi  Andrea Splendiani  Massimo Giovannotti  Francesca Renzi  Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(5):892-902

1. The sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) is a coastal species distributed in temperate and sub‐tropical waters, classified as ‘Vulnerable’ at global level and ‘Critically endangered’ in eastern Australia, south‐western Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea. Six populations (north‐western Atlantic, Brazil, South Africa, Japan, eastern Australia, and western Australia) with low genetic diversity and limited gene flow were identified worldwide, but genetic information for many other geographic areas are still missing. Specifically, this species is listed in several reports as part of the Mediterranean fauna, even if there has been a lack of catches and sightings in recent years in this basin. To clarify the origin of C. taurus individuals caught in the past in the Mediterranean Sea, historical samples were genetically analysed.
2. Nine samples with certain Mediterranean origin were collected from different European museums. DNA was extracted and ~600 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region were amplified using eight overlapping species‐specific primer pairs. Sequences obtained were aligned with all the haplotypes globally known so far.
3. Genetic analysis revealed the misidentification of one museum specimen. Among the remaining Mediterranean historical samples, three different haplotypes were recovered. Two of them previously observed only in South Africa and one described in both South African and Brazilian populations.
4. Results suggest a genetic relationship between Mediterranean sand tiger sharks and those from the western Indian Ocean. According to previous studies, we hypothesized that, during the Pleistocene, the cold Benguela upwelling barrier was temporarily reduced allowing the passage of C. taurus individuals from the Indian to Atlantic Ocean. After the restoration of this phylogeographic barrier some individuals were trapped in the Atlantic Ocean and probably migrated northward colonizing the western African coasts and the Mediterranean Sea.

  相似文献   

Multi‐temporal Digital Photogrammetric Analysis for Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion Rates in the Landola Catchment of the Upper Orcia Valley (Tuscany,Italy)     

Pietro P. C. Aucelli  Massimo Conforti  Marta Della Seta  Maurizio Del Monte  Lorenzo D'uva  Carmen M. Rosskopf  Francesca Vergari 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(4):1075-1092

This paper focuses on the analysis of the slope and catchment erosion dynamics in a typical Mediterranean context and its sensitivity to recent climatic and socio‐economic changes. The main objective of the present study is to test the reliability of digital photogrammetric analysis to evaluate the time and space evolution of erosion processes mainly triggered by surface running waters and landslides for about the last 60 years. The selected test area is the Landola catchment, a minor tributary of the Upper Orcia River Valley (Southern Tuscany). The Upper Orcia valley is a key site for the comprehension of denudation processes typically acting in Mediterranean badland areas thanks to the following: (i) the availability of long‐lasting erosion monitoring datasets (20 years' long direct measurements at erosion ‘hot spots’); (ii) its representativeness as a sub‐humid Mediterranean badland area; and (iii) the rapidity of development of erosion processes, which makes it suitable as an open‐air laboratory for the study of badland dynamics. The outputs of this work highlight that the application of high‐resolution digital photogrammetric methodologies can represent a powerful and low‐cost tool to evaluate rates and spatial–temporal distribution of denudation processes, as confirmed by the validation through field point monitoring in areas close to the study area. The results obtained for the study area confirm that high erosion rates are a persistent environmental problem for the Upper Orcia Valley, which is not solved up to now, despite various land conservation interventions. The performed multi‐temporal analysis shows a slight decrease in the average water erosion rate during the last 60 years and a parallel increase in the frequency of mass wasting events. These variations are most likely related to a complex interplay between land use changes that have affected the study area during the studied period, revealing a very delicate equilibrium between farming activities and erosion processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Using Static and Dynamic Indicators to Evaluate Soil Physical Quality in a Sicilian Area     

Massimo Iovino  Mirko Castellini  Vincenzo Bagarello  Giuseppe Giordano 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(2):200-210

Both capacitive indicators derived from the water retention curve and dynamic measurements of the flow‐weighted mean pore radius, R₀, were used to assess the soil physical quality of two agricultural areas (cropland and olive orchard) and two natural areas (grassland and managed woodlot plantation) potentially subject to soil degradation. The overall idea of the study was to investigate whether a dynamic indicator quantitatively derived from hydraulic conductivity measurements could be used to supplement the traditionally applied capacitive indicators retrieved from water retention measurements. According to the available criteria, only the surface layer of the cropland site showed optimal soil physical quality. In the grassland and woodlot sites, the physical quality was deteriorated also as a consequence of compaction because of grazing. Overall, the physical quality was better in tilled than nontilled soils. The optimal soil in terms of capacitive indicators had hydraulic conductivity close to saturation that was intermediate among the different land uses, and it remained 1·3–1·9 times higher than that observed in the natural sites even when the largest pores emptied. A depth effect on R₀ was observed only when larger macropores were activated. It was suggested that water transmission parameters are more affected by changes in large pore domain. The plant available water content and Dexter's S‐index showed inverse statistically significant regressions with R₀. The empirical relationships were physically convincing given that, at increasing R₀, the contribution of macropores increases, water is transmitted faster below the root zone and the soil's ability to store water is reduced. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A dearth of dark matter in ordinary elliptical galaxies     

Romanowsky AJ  Douglas NG  Arnaboldi M  Kuijken K  Merrifield MR  Napolitano NR  Capaccioli M  Freeman KC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5640):1696-1698

The kinematics of the outer parts of three intermediate-luminosity elliptical galaxies were studied with the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph. The galaxies' velocity-dispersion profiles were found to decline with the radius, and dynamical modeling of the data indicates the presence of little if any dark matter in these galaxies' halos. This unexpected result conflicts with findings in other galaxy types and poses a challenge to current galaxy formation theories.  相似文献