Pharmacokinetics of clomipramine in dogs following single-dose and repeated-dose oral administration     

King JN  Maurer MP  Altmann BO  Strehlau GA 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(1):80-85

OBJECTIVE: To determine pharmacokinetics of clomipramine and its principle metabolite (desmethylclomipramine) in the plasma of dogs following single-dose and repeated-dose oral administration at various dosages. ANIMALS: 9 male and 9 female Beagles. PROCEDURES: Clomipramine was administered orally at a dose of 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg to 3 male and 3 female dogs, first as a single dose and then, after an interval of 14 days, twice daily for 10 days. Plasma clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine concentrations were measured by use of a gas chromatography with mass-selection method. RESULTS: Dose-related accumulation was detected following repeated-dose administration. Accumulation ratios after administration of clomipramine at dosages of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg twice daily were 1.4, 1.6, and 3.8, respectively, for clomipramine and 2.1, 3.7, and 7.6, respectively, for desmethylclomipramine. Terminal half-life increased slightly (1.6-fold for clomipramine and 1.2-fold for desmethylclomipramine) with repeated-dose administration but remained short in all groups (< or = 4 hours). Steady state was reached within 4 days in all animals. Ratios of the areas under the concentration versus time curves from time 0 to 12 hours for clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine were 3.9, 3.1, and 1.5 after repeated administration at dosages of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg every 12 hours, respectively. Areas under the concentration versus time curve, mean residence times, and terminal half-lives were not significantly different between male and female dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Repeated administration of clomipramine results in higher concentrations of clomipramine than desmethylclomipramine in dogs.  相似文献   

Chicken embryo lethality assay for determining the virulence of avian Escherichia coli isolates     

Wooley RE  Gibbs PS  Brown TP  Maurer JJ 《Avian diseases》2000,44(2):318-324

Multiple isolates of Escherichia coli from clinical cases of colibacillosis and E. coli from the intestinal tracts of normal broilers at slaughter were assayed by the embryo lethality test to determine their virulence. The assay was repeated five times in order to establish reproducibility and determine the statistical parameters of the test. This study showed that the inoculation of approximately 100 colony-forming units in the allantoic cavity of 12-day-old embryos discriminated between virulent and avirulent E. coli isolates. Gross lesions included cranial and skin hemorrhages in addition to encephalomalacia in embryos inoculated with virulent isolates. Abnormalities were observed by microscopic examination of the heart, brain, and liver in embryos inoculated with virulent isolates. Analysis of data indicated that the length of the test should be 4 days. In the virulent group, day 2 postinoculation had the most significant death patterns. Sample size calculations indicated that 11 embryos are sufficient for the assay. On the basis of death rates, isolates considered to be avirulent had an embryo death rate of <10%, moderately or secondary pathogens had a 10%-29% death rate, and virulent isolates had a death rate of >29%. An important aspect of this assay is the accessibility of good-quality fertile embryonated eggs.  相似文献   

In vitro effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-Tris on the efficacy of hatchery disinfectants     

Wooley RE  Sander JE  Maurer JJ  Gibbs PS 《Avian diseases》2000,44(4):901-906

Solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-Tris showed synergistic or additive effects on gram-negative bacteria when combined with hatchery disinfectants consisting of phenol and detergent (Magnaphen-100), quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and glutaraldehyde (Synergize), QAC (BioSentry 904), and hydrogen peroxide. The gram-positive bacteria reacted less favorably, with reaction mixtures showing all three levels of potentiation (synergistie, additive, and antagonistic). Combinations of EDTA-Tris and a commercial glutaraldehyde solution (Glutracide), when mixed with the test organisms, showed mostly antagonistic effects. Solutions of EDTA-Tris decreased the concentration of hatchery disinfectants required for bacterial killing by 75% in those situations in which synergistic potentiation occurred. EDTA-Tris is nontoxic to 12-day-old embryos. Serial passage of the test organisms in solutions of EDTA-Tris did not result in the development of resistant forms.  相似文献   

Growth, fatness and gross biochemical composition of the Japanese oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Stanway cylinders in the Bay of Arcachon, France     

Ren Robert  Gilles Trut  Michel Borel  Danile Maurer 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1993,110(3-4):249-261

A new method of oyster cultivation, the Stanway oyster cylinder, has been investigated in the Bay of Arcachon since 1989. A comparative study was carried out between the growth of spat and 18-month-old Crassostrea gigas oysters, in cylinders and in traditional bags. The growth in height and in whole weight was lower in cylinders. In contrast, the tests showed a better quality of the meat, with higher condition index and higher carbohydrate content, and a better quality of the shell, with higher density and better shape. Therefore, because of the improvement in oyster quality, the use of the cylinder seems to be advantageous for the Arcachon oyster industry.  相似文献   

Triplets in red deer (Cervus elaphus)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JJ FYFF  MJ FYFFE 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(12):469-470

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Effects of xylazine on humans: a review   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JJ FYFFE 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(9):294-295

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Coxiella burnetii Shedding During the Peripartum Period and Subsequent Fertility in Dairy Cattle     

I Garcia‐Ispierto  I López‐Helguera  J Tutusaus  B Serrano  E Monleón  JJ Badiola  F López‐Gatius 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):441-446

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of Coxiella burnetii shedding or seropositivity on post‐partum recovery and subsequent fertility in high‐producing dairy cows. Given the difficulty in diagnosing C. burnetii infection at the farm level, an exhaustive series of tests in 43 pregnant animals that delivered at least one live calf were conducted, including blood serology and PCR of milk or colostrum, cotyledons (only at parturition), faeces, vaginal fluid against C. burnetii on gestation Day 171–177, at parturition and on Days 1–7, 8–14, 15–21, 22–28, 29–35 and 90–97 post‐partum. During scheduled herd visits, ultrasonography (US) of the genital tract and examination of vaginal fluid were performed on Days 15–21 (V1), 22–28 (V2), 29–35 (V3) and 51–57 (V4) post‐partum by the same veterinarian. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the likelihood of suffering endometritis (the presence of echogenic intrauterine fluid (IUF), cervical diameter of ≥4 cm or endometrial thickness ≥0.75 cm) was lower in C. burnetii‐seropositive animals (OR = 0.10), compared with C. burnetii‐seronegative animals. According to Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, C. burnetii‐seronegative and non‐shedding cows showed a delayed return to luteal activity and conception was delayed in non‐shedding animals, compared with the remaining animals. Overall, the results of our study provide useful insight into the effects of C. burnetii infection on post‐partum recovery and subsequent fertility. In particular, animals not infected with Coxiella seem to be susceptible to infection and not protected against the bacterium in dairy herds. The elevated costs of determining an infection at the farm level, make monitoring of cows virtually impossible from a clinical point of view.  相似文献   

Factors Affecting the First Service Conception Rate of Cows in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Bangladesh     

MAR Siddiqui  ZC Das  J Bhattacharjee  MM Rahman  MM Islam  MA Haque  JJ Parrish  M Shamsuddin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):500-505

The successful outcome of an insemination is a combination of both male and female fertility‐linked factors. We investigated the first service conception rate of cows at artificial insemination (AI) in the smallholder dairy farms in Bangladesh. Frozen straws were prepared from ejaculates of Bos indicus (n = 7) and Bos indicus × Bos taurus (n = 7) AI bulls. Fertility was determined from 6101 first services in cows that were performed by 18 technicians in four regions between April 2004 and March 2005. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation between 60 and 90 days post‐insemination. The Asian version of Artificial Insemination Database Application (AIDA ASIA) was used for bulls‐, cows‐ and AI‐related data recording, and later retrieved for analysis. The mean ± SD number of inseminations performed from individual bulls and their conception rates were 436.0 ± 21.6 and 50.7 ± 1.9%, respectively. Logistic regression demonstrated body condition scores (BCS), heat detection signs, months of AI and their interactions had greatest effects (odds ratios: 1.24–16.65, p < 0.04–0.001) on first service conception rate in cows. Fertility differed (p < 0.02–0.001) between the regions, previous calving months, months of AI, BCS, parity and heat detection signs of cows. Inseminations based on mounting activity (n = 2352), genital discharge (n = 3263) and restlessness and/or other signs (n = 486) yielded a conception rate of 53.6%, 48.8% and 50.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). Conception rate between technicians ranged between 43.4% and 58.6% (p < 0.05). The days interval from calving to first service (overall mean ± SD = 153.4 ± 80.6) had relationship (p < 0.001) with BCS, months of previous calving and parity of the cows. Fertility at AI in smallholder farms can be improved by training farmers on nutrition and reproductive management of the cows.  相似文献   

Multiple‐line cross QTL mapping for grain yield and thousand kernel weight in triticale          下载免费PDF全文

Wenxin Liu  Willmar L. Leiser  Jochen C. Reif  Matthew R. Tucker  Dominik Losert  Sigrid Weissmann  Volker Hahn  Hans Peter Maurer  Tobias Würschum 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(5):567-573

Grain yield and its component trait thousand kernel weight are important traits in triticale breeding programmes. Here, we used a large mapping population of 647 doubled haploid lines derived from four families to dissect the genetic architecture underlying grain yield and thousand kernel weight by multiple‐line cross QTL mapping. We identified 3 QTL for grain yield and 13 for thousand kernel weight which cross‐validated explained 5.2% and 48.2% of the genotypic variance, respectively. Both traits showed a positive phenotypic correlation, and we found two QTL overlapping between them. Full two‐dimensional epistasis scans revealed epistatic QTL for both traits, suggesting that epistatic interactions contribute to their genetic architecture. Based on QTL identified in our results, we conclude that the potential for marker‐assisted selection is limited for grain yield but more promising for thousand kernel weight.  相似文献   

Untersuchungen zur Verticillium-Welke im Hopfenanbaugebiet Hallertau     

Katja A. Maurer  Gabriele Berg  Stefan Seefelder 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2014,66(2):53-61

Verticillium wilt is a devastating disease in hops and causes considerable crop losses. V. albo-atrum is the most widespread species, whereas V. dahliae is rarely found. Due to the survival of the fungus for several years in soil by resting structures and the lack of effective chemical control, a fast detection method is needed. One aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Verticillium spp. in the Hallertau region (Germany). Therefore, 76 hop plants, with or without wilt symptoms, were analyzed using a real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay. V. albo-atrum was identified in 57 bine samples. The pathogen can sporadically appear without showing visual symptoms. The abundance of the fungus inside the plants was analyzed. Furthermore, four beneficial bacteria, Burkholderia terricola ZR2-12, Pseudomonas poae RE*1-1-14, Serratia plymuthica 3Re4-18, and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM14405^T, were evaluated as biological control agents in hops. The colonization competence in the root system, plant growing promotion, and antagonistic effects were assessed. All strains colonized the endorhiza and the rhizosphere. The bacterial strains B. terricola ZR2-12, S. plymuthica 3Re4-18, and S. rhizophila DSM14405^T are promising candidates for further biocontrol strategies. Thus, first steps towards the biological control of Verticillium wilt were presented.  相似文献