A longitudinal study of lymphocyte subsets in a cohort of cats naturally-infected with feline immunodeficiency virus     

C. WALKER  PJ CANFFIELD†  DN LOVE†  DR McNEIL‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(6):218-224

Despite the potential of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as an animal model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies, the long term effects of naturally-occurring infection have not been determined. HIV infection causes an ongoing deterioration in immune function which directly correlates with disease, in particular acquired immunodefciency syndrome (AIDS). However, it is not known whether FIV-induced immunosuppression is progressive or related to the clinical condition. This study examined changes in lymphocyte subset numbers of serial samples, taken from cohorts of FIV-positive and FIV-negative cats over an 18-month period. FIV-positive cats were clinically staged as asymptomatic carriers (AC) or cats with AIDS-related complex (ARC), and FIV-negative cats matched and staged on the basis of similar diseases. During the course of the study, 4 FIV-positive cats developed AIDS, classed as the terminal stage of infection. There were no significant differences in the mean absolute numbers of any lymphocyte subset between the onset (to) and the completion (t18) of the study. Similarly there were no significant changes in subset numbers during the 18 months preceding the development of AIDS. While the study period was brief and the sample sizes small, it is postulated that FIV infection in Australia may not necessarily cause progressive immunodeficiency and that FIV-induced immunosuppression (as measured by subset analysis) may not be well correlated with the clinical status of the infected cat.  相似文献   

Suspected Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) poisoning in horses     

DR COOK  GW CAMPBELL  AR MELDRUM 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(9):344-344

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Determination of Safe Depth of Pin Penetration for Repair of Distal Femoral Physeal Fractures in Immature Dogs: A Comparison of Normograde and Retrograde Pin Placement     

DRAGAN LORINSON DR MED VET    DARRYL L. MILLIS MS  DVM  DIPLOMATE ACVS  RONALD M. BRIGHT DVM  MS  DIPLOMATE ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(6):467-471

Objective —The purpose of this study was to determine the depth that implants may be safely placed into the distal femoral epiphysis (DFE) for the repair of distal femoral physeal fractures.
Study Design —The depth of the DFE was related to the radiographic thickness of the patella in this experimental study.
Animals or Sample Population —Twenty immature canine cadavers.
Methods —Patella thicknesses were measured from lateral radiographs. Actual DFE depths were determined for pins driven in normograde fashion and for pins driven retrograde from the central depression between the metaphyseal pegs and from the cranial pegs. The association of DFE depth and patella thickness was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Using 95% confidence intervals, rules for estimating the safe depth of implant placement into the DFE were determined.
Results —DFE depth had significant correlation with patella thickness for pins placed in retrograde fashion from the central depression between the metaphyseal pegs (r²= .83) and from the cranial pegs (r²= .82) and for pins placed in normograde fashion (r²= .65).
Conclusions —Based on 95% confidence intervals, pins placed in retrograde fashion from the central depression between the metaphyseal pegs may be safely driven into the DFE a distance equal to 140% of patella thickness. Pins placed from the cranial metaphyseal pegs may be driven to a depth equal to 80% of patella thickness, and pins placed in normograde fashion may be driven to a depth equal to 30% of patella thickness.
Clinical Relevance —Measurement of patella thickness assists the surgeon in determining the approximate depth that pins may be driven into the DFE without penetrating the articular surface of the stifle joint.  相似文献   

Conservative management of minimally displaced radial fractures in three horses     

S. MATTHEWS  AJ DART  BA DOWLING  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(1):44-47

Minimally displaced, spiral, radial fractures were diagnosed in three adult horses. Two horses had open fractures and in one horse the fracture was closed. A diagnosis was made on radiographs taken 24 h, 5, and 9 days after the fracture. There was minimal displacement of the fracture fragments despite the considerable time which had elapsed between fracture and diagnosis and an unfavourable prognosis with internal fixation, so conservative therapy was the preferred method of treatment. One horse developed a sequestrum and draining sinus, which was treated surgically under general anaesthesia 3 months after diagnosis of the fracture. Other complications were minimal and transient. Two horses were being used for pleasure riding 12 months after fracture and one horse was pasture sound at 8 months.  相似文献   

Surgical correction of anorectal atresia and rectovaginal fistula in an alpaca cria     

DB CARRARO  AJ DART  NPH HUDSON  CM DART  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(5):352-354

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DOPPLER MEASUREMENT OF SPLANCHNIC BLOOD FLOW DURING DIGESTION IN UNSEDATED NORMAL DOGS     

Sabine  Riesen  DR MED VET  Valerie  Schmid  DR MED VET  Lorrie  Gaschen  DVM  DR MED VET  Andre  Busato  DR MED VET MSC  Johann  Lang PD  DR MED VET 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(6):554-560

The purpose of this study was to measure splanchnic blood flow during digestion in unsedated dogs by using duplex Doppler sonography. The study population consisted of 12 healthy dogs. Blood flow in the cranial mesenteric artery, the celiac artery, and the aorta was measured before a test meal and at 20, 60, and 90 minutes after eating. The following measurements were made or calculated: vessel diameter, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and flow volume. There was a significant postprandial decrease in the resistive and pulsatility indices in both the cranial mesenteric (preprandial RI = 0.867, postprandial RI = 0.796, preprandial PI = 3.033, postprandial PI = 2.173) and the celiac (preprandial RI = 0.854, postprandial RI = 0.769, preprandial PI = 2.639, postprandial PI = 1.930) arteries. In both vessels the end diastolic velocity, the mean velocity, and the flow volume increased significantly postprandially. These changes occurred significantly earlier in the celiac artery than in the cranial mesenteric artery. The findings most likely correspond to postprandial splanchnic vasodilation. Doppler ultrasound provide a good methode of detecting changes in postprandial splanchnic blood flow in the dog.  相似文献   

The in vitro excystation of Sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts     

P B McKenna  W A Charleston 《Veterinary parasitology》1990,37(3-4):207-221

Studies on the in vitro excystation of Sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts revealed that pretreatment before exposure to trypsin and bile was an essential prerequisite. However, in contrast to Sarcocystis tenella and Sarcocystis capracanis, incubation in cysteine hydrochloride under CO2 was largely unsuccessful for excysting Sarcocystis gigantea: of the pretreatments tested, only exposure to sodium hypochlorite proved effective. Excystation from sodium hypochlorite-pretreated S. gigantea sporocysts took place in trypsin and bile between temperatures of 30 and 43 degrees C and occurred rapidly at 39 degrees C. While the presence of bile or bile salts was essential for this process, that of trypsin was not, although more sporocysts excysted in its presence than in its absence. Excystation occurred in the presence of all bile types tested but not when Tween 80 was substituted for bile. The highest levels of excystation were recorded when cattle or sheep bile or sodium taurocholate were used and the lowest when chicken or pig bile were employed. Neither the concentration of sheep bile above 2.5%, nor hydrogen ion concentration (pH range 5.0-10.0) appeared to have any marked effect on the level of excystation obtained.  相似文献   

Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is important for colonization of seeds and roots by Enterobacter cloacae     

Daniel P. Roberts  Laurie F. McKenna  Stephen Rehner 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(8):2150-2159

Enterobacter cloacae is a plant-beneficial bacterium that shows promise for suppression of damping-off of cucumber and other crops caused by Pythium ultimum. We have been using a mutational approach to determine the E. cloacae genes important in bacterial-plant and bacterial-pathogen interactions in the spermosphere and rhizosphere. E. cloacae M43 is a transposon mutant of E. cloacae 501R3 that was significantly impaired in colonization of seeds and roots of diverse crop plants. Strain M43 did not increase in population on cucumber, sunflower, and wheat seeds and was significantly reduced in growth on pea seeds relative to strain 501R3. Populations of M43 were also dramatically lower than those of strain 501R3 in cucumber, pea, sunflower, and wheat rhizosphere in 42 d experiments. Molecular characterization of M43 demonstrated that there was a single transposon insertion in the genome of this strain and that this insertion was in a region of the E. cloacae genome with a high degree of DNA sequence identity with aceF. aceF encodes the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Cell lysates from strain 501R3 grown on minimal medium plus 50 mM glycerol and 2 mM acetate contained 0.011±0.0036 U pyruvate dehydrogenase activity while cell lysates from M43 grown under identical conditions contained no detectable pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Additionally, the nutritional use profile of M43 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was as expected for an ace mutant. Experiments reported here strongly suggest a role for aceF and the PDHC in colonization of seeds and roots of diverse crop plants by E. cloacae.  相似文献   

Spontaneous formation of macroscopic chiral domains in a fluid smectic phase of achiral molecules     

DR Link  G Natale  R Shao  JE Maclennan  NA Clark  E Korblova  DM Walba 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5345):1924-1927

A smectic liquid-crystal phase made from achiral molecules with bent cores was found to have fluid layers that exhibit two spontaneous symmetry-breaking instabilities: polar molecular orientational ordering about the layer normal and molecular tilt. These instabilities combine to form a chiral layer structure with a handedness that depends on the sign of the tilt. The bulk states are either antiferroelectric-racemic, with the layer polar direction and handedness alternating in sign from layer to layer, or antiferroelectric-chiral, which is of uniform layer handedness. Both states exhibit an electric field-induced transition from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric.  相似文献   

A theropod dinosaur embryo and the affinities of the flaming cliffs dinosaur eggs     

Norell MA  Clark JM  Demberelyin D  Rhinchen B  Chiappe LM  Davidson AR  McKenna MC  Altangerel P  Novacek MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,266(5186):779-782

An embryonic skeleton of a nonavian theropod dinosaur was found preserved in an egg from Upper Cretaceous rocks in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. Cranial features identify the embryo as a member of Oviraptoridae. Two embryo-sized skulls of dromaeosaurids, similar to that of Velociraptor, were also recovered in the nest. The eggshell microstructure is similar to that of ratite birds and is of a type common in the Djadokhta Formation at the Flaming Cliffs (Bayn Dzak). Discovery of a nest of such eggs at the Flaming Cliffs in 1923, beneath the Oviraptor philoceratops holotype, suggests that this dinosaur may have been a brooding adult.  相似文献