Analysis of genetic diversity among European and Asian fig varieties (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ficus carica</Emphasis> L.) using ISSR,RAPD, and SSR markers     

Hidetoshi Ikegami  Hitoshi Nogata  Keita Hirashima  Mitsuo Awamura  Takao Nakahara 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(2):201-209

Nineteen fig varieties and lines from Europe and Asia have been fingerprinted by ISSR, RAPD, and SSR markers, respectively, using 13, 19, and 13 primer combinations. All primers produced 258 loci, with the highest number of loci (119) generated by RAPD (R _p: 48.42). Clustering analysis was applied to the three marker datasets to elucidate the genetic structure and relationships among these varieties. Mean genetic similarities were 0.787, 0.717, and 0.749, respectively, as determined using ISSR, RAPD, and SSR. Each marker system produced incompletely separated clusters, although a weak binding group based on race type appeared in the combined dataset. Comparisons of coefficients revealed no correlation between different similarity matrices; congruence was observed between similarity matrices and co-phenetic matrices in all markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that most of the total polymorphism was attributable to within-group variance (ISSRs + RAPDs, 97.41%; SSRs, 90.18%). These results suggest that the genetic diversity of this fig population is low and that multiple marker utilization is critical to estimate the relatedness of figs at the variety level. Additionally, it was presumed that ‘Houraihi’, the oldest variety in Japan, was disseminated independently of other foreign varieties in the 17th century or before then.  相似文献   

Novel polymorphism of the canine dopamine receptor D4 gene intron II region     

Hidetoshi NARA  Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA  Akiko KOSHIMURA  Akinori SUGIYAMA  Yuichi MURAYAMA  Masami MAEJIMA  Yuko UEDA  Hideyuki ITO  Ettore RANDI  Heui-Soo KIM  Ji-Hong HA  Hitoshi KITAGAWA  Yukari TAKEUCHI  Yuji MORI  Toshiroh IWASAKI  Mitsuo MORITA  Katuaki ÔTA  Shin'ichi ITO 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):81-86

Various dog breeds are remarkably different from each other not only in their sizes and shapes but also in behavioral traits, suggesting that some of these characteristics are under genetic control. However, little is known about genes related to behavioral traits in canine species. In humans, it has been reported that the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) includes polymorphism at several regions that relate to personality or psychiatric disorders. In an earlier study by the authors of the present study, the polymorphisms in canine DRD4 exon III and exon I regions were reported. In the present study, a novel polymorphism in canine DRD4 intron II was found based on a 17 base pair insertion/deletion, and the two alleles detected were named P (shorter allele) and Q (longer allele). The allelic distribution in 28 breeds of dog, including a total of 1114 unrelated individuals, were then investigated. Both P and Q alleles were detected in most of the breeds investigated; however, the frequencies of P and Q differed greatly between breeds. With respect to classification based on breed origin, P and Q alleles were frequent in Occidental and Oriental breeds, respectively. Furthermore, two subspecies of wolves, the ancestors of dogs, were analyzed for the comparison of allele frequencies with dogs, and the P allele was predominant in both European and Chinese wolves.  相似文献   

The effect of a new setting agent for wool     

Masukuni Mori  Mitsuo Matsudaira 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(2):185-192

Pleated wool fabrics were prepared by the treatment with ethylenediamine (EDA) at 90°C for 30 min. The degree of set, tensile property and dyeing of the treated fabrics have been discussed in relation to the concentration of EDA in the treatment system. No significant decreases in tensile strength and elongation, and great increases of exhaustion of synthetic and natural dyes were observed. Pleat and flat set were successfully attained in a wide range of the concentration of EDA. Excellent dyeability and setability of the fabrics obtained were considered to be associated with the existence of new crosslink, β-N-(2-aminoethyl)alanino-β-aminoalanine and the pendant group, β-N-(2-aminoethyl) aminoalanine produced by the reaction of EDA with dehydroalanine intermediate.  相似文献   

Kinetics of the hydroxymethylation of phenol I: Rate equation and method of analysis     

Mitsuo Higuchi  Sho-Ichi Nohno  Shin-ichiro Tohmura 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(3):198-203

Seven reactions take place consecutively and competitively during the hydroxymethylation of phenol in aqueous alkaline media. This hydroxymethylation is the first step in the formation of phenolic resins and has long been studied. However, the rate equation, which can describe the seven reactions in those reaction systems where the alkali/phenol molar ratios are <1.0, has not yet been obtained. The authors present a rate equation (in a differential form) for a computer simulation. This equation involves the concentration of hydroxide ion, [OH^–], which changes with the change in the composition of the reaction system and cannot be expressed as a function of reaction time. However, the value of [OH^–] can be obtained by numerical calculation. In the computer simulation the reactions occur for an infinitesimal unit of time, and the changes in the concentrations of formaldehyde, phenols, and hydroxide ion are calculated. The next step of the reaction takes place according to the reaction conditions that result from the previous step. In this manner the reactions progress step by step in a computer. Using this method we can describe the reaction time course, (i.e., the changes in the concentrations of phenol, formaldehyde, and five species of hydroxymethylphenols with the reaction time).Part of this paper was presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997  相似文献   

New Selective Medium for Isolation of Burkholderia glumae from Rice Seeds     

Mitsuo KAWARADANI  Kiyotsugu OKADA  Shin'ichi KUSAKARI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(3):234-237

A new selective medium for Burkholderia glumae was developed, which has a simpler composition and greater selectivity compared to Tsushima's S-PG medium currently used. This selective medium, designated CCNT, contains 2 g of yeast extract, 1 g of polypepton, 4 g of inositol, 10 mg of cetrimide, 10 mg of chloramphenicol, 1 mg of novobiocin, 100 mg of chlorotharonil and 18 g of agar in 1000 ml of distilled water, and is adjusted to pH 4.8. B. glumae produced a yellowish white colony with a diffusible yellow pigment on CCNT medium, which was distinguishable from other bacterial species when incubated at 41°C for 2 to 4 days. On CCNT medium, B. glumae was detected at a rate similar to that on S-PG medium in rice seeds, while other microorganisms were detected at a much lower rate. Received 16 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 4 January 2000  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tobacco mosaic virus</Emphasis> Is Transmissible from Tomato to Tomato by Pollinating Bumblebees     

Kiyotsugu OKADA  Shin-ichi KUSAKARI  Mitsuo KAWARATANI  Jun-ichi NEGORO  Satoshi T OHKI  Takeshi OSAKI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):71-74

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was detected by ELISA, electron microscopy and/or bioassay from bumblebee (Bumbus terrestris), pollen clumps, nest materials and bee-visited anthers of flowers from greenhouses in which tomatoes had been pollinated by bees and were severely infected with TMV. Experimental bee-mediated transmission of TMV in greenhouse tomatoes demonstrated that the bumblebees transported TMV from plant to plant and that they spread the virus in greenhouses. This is the first report describing TMV transmission by bumblebees. Received 11 August 1999/ Accepted in revised form 30 September 1999  相似文献   

Changes in the expression of pituitary gonadotropin subunits during reproductive cycle of multiple spawning female chub mackerel Scomber japonicus     

Nyuji M  Selvaraj S  Kitano H  Ohga H  Yoneda M  Shimizu A  Kaneko K  Yamaguchi A  Matsuyama M 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(3):883-897

The endocrine regulation of reproduction in a multiple spawning fish with an asynchronous-type ovary remains largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to monitor changes in the mRNA expression of three gonadotropin (GtH) subunits (GPα, FSHβ, and LHβ) during the reproductive cycle of the female chub mackerel Scomber japonicus. Cloning and subsequent sequence analysis revealed that the cDNAs of chub mackerel GPα, FSHβ, and LHβ were 658, 535, and 599 nucleotides in length and encoded 117, 115, and 147 amino acids, respectively. We applied a quantitative real-time PCR assay to quantify the mRNA expression levels of these GtH subunits. During the seasonal reproductive cycle, FSHβ mRNA levels remained high during the vitellogenic stages, while GPα and LHβ mRNA levels peaked at the end of vitellogenesis. The expression of all three GtH subunits decreased during the post-spawning period. These results suggest that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in vitellogenesis, while luteinizing hormone (LH) functions during final oocyte maturation (FOM). Both GPα and FSHβ mRNA levels remained high during the FOM stages of the spawning cycle and increased further just after spawning. Thus, FSH synthesis may be strongly activated just after spawning to accelerate vitellogenesis in preparation for the next spawning. Alternatively, LHβ mRNA levels declined during hydration and then increased after ovulation. This study demonstrates that chub mackerel are a good model for investigating GtH functions in multiple spawning fish.  相似文献   

Nutrient distribution across wheat rhizosphere with oxamide and ammonium sulfate as N source     

Md. Yunus Miah  Shinjiro Kanazawa  Mitsuo Chino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):579-587

Analysis of the behavior of slow releasing nitrogen fertilizers in the rhizosphere soil of agricultural crops is essential for their effective use. This work presents a comparative study of the effects of oxamide and ammonium sulfate as different N sources on the relative mobility of some nutritionally important anions and cations and their relevance to plant growth, root development, and pH distribution pattern in the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Nourin No. 61). Experiment was conducted on a Japanese upland alluvial soil through a rhizobox approach. In the central compartment (CC) of the oxamide and ammonium sulfate treated rhizoboxes, four uncontaminated and homogeneous wheat seedlings germinated on a sterile petridish were grown for nearly two months. During the growing period plant height was recorded weekly. After the growing period, rhizoboxes were dismantled for soil sampling and photography of roots. Soil samples from each compartment of the two rhizoboxes were used for the analysis of CI^-, N0₃ ^-, SO₄ ^2-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NH₄ ⁺-N, N0₃ ^--N and measurement of pH. Compared with ammonium sulfate, the distribution of anions and cations from the distant compartments to the central ones over a distance of 3–5 mm along with a better plant growth, high rooting density, and high pH confirmed that oxamide was an efficient nitrogen fertilizer.  相似文献   

Species differences in calcium and potassium distributions within plant roots     

Mitsuo Chino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):487-503

Abstract

The Ca and K distributions in the roots of soybean, kidneybean and corn were investigated in relation to their lateral movement within the roots using an electronprobe X-ray microanalyzer. In the corn roots, the accumulation site of Ca was the wall of the cortical cells and little Ca was detected in the stele, suggesting that apoplasmic movement of Ca was blocked by the endodermis. In the legume roots, Ca was detected at the wall of the endodermal and stelar cells as well as the cortical cells, suggesting that the endodermis of the legume roots was permeable to the apoplasmic movement of Ca. K was mainly found within the cells of the roots, suggesting symplasmic movement of K. Neither accumulation nor depletion of the cations at the soil-root interface was observed, but the concentrations of the cations at the root surface appeared to be reduced when the roots were grown in the soil.  相似文献   

Relationship between the Placental Retention Time and the Reproductive Performance at the Foal Heat in Thoroughbred and a Comparison with Heavy Draft     

Mitsuo ISHII  Takahiro AOKI  Kazuhiro YAMAKAWA  Fumie MAGATA  Chikara GOJO  Katsumi ITO  Mitsunori KAYANO  Yasuo NAMBO 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(2):25-29

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the placental retention time (PRT) and the reproductive performance following mating at the foal heat in Thoroughbreds. For this purpose, we interviewed 292 farmers over a period of 3 years with questionnaires evaluating foaling, expulsion of placenta and reproductive performance at the foal heat in 1,432 mares. The obtained data were later compared with a previous study of heavy draft mares. The average of the PRT of the 1,432 Thoroughbred mares was 58 ± 88 min (mean ± SD). The mean PRT of Thoroughbreds was significantly shorter than that of the148 min of heavy draft mares. The incidences of retained placenta (RP) occurring in the Thoroughbred mares were 5.2 and 4.0%, for over 3 and 4 hr after foaling, respectively. The incidence of RP over 4 hr was significantly lower than that of 25% in heavy draft mares. The pregnancy rate at foal heat of the mares in which PRT was less than 3 hr was 37%, and it significantly decreased to 11% for those with PRT of more than 3 hr. In the comparison of the reproductive performance between Thoroughbred and heavy draft mares, the pregnancy rate of Thoroughbreds dropped drastically to 10% when PRT exceeded 40, and in consequence, the pregnancy rate of Thoroughbreds was significantly lower than the 30% of heavy draft mares, which had a PRT of over 4 hr. In conclusion, the Thoroughbred mares had a low incidence of RP, however, a PRT exceeding 3 hr severely affected the reproductive performance at the foal heat.  相似文献