Investigation of Yacon Leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolius) for α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Using Metabolomics and In Silico Approach     

Aziz  Zuhelmi  Yuliana  Nancy Dewi  Simanjuntak  Partomuan  Rafi  Mohamad  Mulatsari  Esti  Abdillah  Syamsudin 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2021,76(4):487-493

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Robinson) leaves is traditionally consumed as herbal tea in many countries including Indonesia. This plant’s antidiabetic properties have been extensively researched, but studies on the responsible active compound identification are scarce. Information on the active compounds is critical for the consistency of Yacon herbal tea quality. The aim of this study was to identify α-glucosidase inhibitors in Indonesian Yacon leaves grown in two different locations using FTIR- and LC–MS/MS-based metabolomics in combination with in silico technique. Yacon leaves ethanol (50 and 95%) and water extracts were tested for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with the 95% ethanol extract being the most active. Geographical origins were found to have no major impact on the activity. In parallel, chemical profile of Yacon leaves extract was determined using FTIR and LC–MS/MS. Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS) was used to analyze both sets of data. OPLS analysis of FTIR data showed that compounds associated to α-glucosidase inhibitor activity included those with functional groups –OH, stretched CH, carbonyl, and alkene. It was consistent with the result of OPLS analysis of LC–MS/MS data, which revealed that based on their VIP and Y-related coefficient value, nystose, 1-kestose, luteolin-3′-7-di-O-glucoside, and 1,3-O-dicaffeoilquinic acid isomers, strongly linked to Yacon’s α-glucosidase inhibitor activity. In silico study supported these findings, revealing that the four compounds were potent α-glucosidase inhibitors with docking score in the range of ? 100.216 to ? 115.657 kcal/mol, which are similar to acarbose (? 115.774 kcal/mol) as a reference drug.

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Comparison study of therapeutic results of closed tibial shaft fracture with intramedullary nails inserted with and without reaming     

Sadighi A  Elmi A  Jafari MA  Sadeghifard V  Goldust M 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(20):950-953

Tibia fractures are the most common type of long bone fractures in US. This study aimed at comparing the therapeutic results of closed tibial shaft fracture with intramedullary nails inserted with and without reaming. In this randomized clinical trial study, 60 patients with a fracture of the tibia were examined. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty patients treated through inserting intramedullary nail with reaming technique (group A). The other 30 patients treated through inserting intramedullary nail without reaming technique (group B). After operation physical examination and control radiography were taken up to 6 month and results were compared. Sixty patients suffering from closed tibial diaphysis fractures were studied. Mean age of the group A and B were 40.24 +/- 12.32 and 38.42 +/- 14.28, respectively. Group A consisted of 24 (80%) males and 6 (20%) females while group B consisted of 24% females and 76% males. Considering fracture based on OTA criteria (p = 0.4) and severity of soft tissue damage based on Tscherne classification (p = 0.6), there was no statistically meaningful difference between groups A and B. The study demonstrated that degree of horizontal displacement, mean time of surgery, post-operation infection, organ shortness at the end of the follow-up period, organ deviation in patients of the group A was significantly more than that of the group B. Time required for callus formation (mean time of union), mean time of full weight bearing time and mean time of return to normal activities in group B was significantly more than that of the group A.  相似文献   

Molecular breeding and the impacts of some important genes families on agronomic traits,a review     

Shahrajabian  Mohamad Hesam  Sun  Wenli  Cheng  Qi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(5):1709-1730

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Gene identification and evolution and also their impacts on agronomical traits are important variations between related species which are often because of...  相似文献   

Effects of onion on serum uric acid levels and hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase activities in hyperuricemic rats     

Haidari F  Rashidi MR  Keshavarz SA  Mahboob SA  Eshraghian MR  Shahi MM 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(14):1779-1784

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of onion on serum uric acid levels and hepatic Xanthine Dehydrogenase/Xanthine Oxidase activities in normal and hyperuricemic rats. Hyperuricemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 250 mg kg(-1) potassium oxonate in rats. Oral administration of onion at 3.5 and 7.0 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 7 days was able to reduce serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic rats with no significant effects on the level of this compound in the normal animals. In addition, onion when tested in vivo on rat liver homogeneities elicited significant inhibitory actions on the Xanthine Dehydrogenase (XDH) and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) activities. This effect resulted less potent than that of allopurinol. However, the hypouricemic effect observed in the experimental animal did not seem to parallel the change in XDH and XO activities, implying that the onion might be acting via other mechanisms apart from simple inhibition of enzyme activities. Such hypouricemic action and enzyme inhibitory activity of onion makes it a possible alternative for allopurinol, or at least in combination therapy to minimize the side-effects of allopurinol, in particular in long-term application.  相似文献   

Variations in growth, survival and carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) among Pinus pinaster populations of different geographic origins     

Correia I  Almeida MH  Aguiar A  Alía R  David TS  Pereira JS 《Tree physiology》2008,28(10):1545-1552

To evaluate differences in growth and adaptability of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), we studied growth, polycyclism, needle tissue carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) as an estimate of water-use efficiency (WUE) and survival of seven populations at 10 years of age growing in a performance trial at a provenance test site in Escaroupim, Portugal. Six populations were from relatively high rainfall sites in Portugal and southwestern France (Atlantic group), and one population was from a more arid Mediterranean site in Spain. There were significant differences between some populations in total height, diameter at breast height, delta(13)C of bulk needle tissue, polycyclism and survival. A population from central Portugal (Leiria, on the Atlantic coast) was the tallest and had the lowest delta(13)C. Overall, the variation in delta(13)C was better explained by the mean minimum temperatures of the coldest month than by annual precipitation at the place of origin. Analyses of the relationships between delta(13)C and growth or survival revealed a distinct pattern for the Mediterranean population, with low delta(13)C (and WUE) associated with the lowest growth potential and reduced survival. There were significant negative correlations between delta(13)C and height or survival in the Atlantic group. Variation in polycyclism was correlated with annual precipitation at the place of origin. Some Atlantic populations maintained a high growth potential while experiencing moderate water stress. A detailed knowledge of the relationships between growth, survival and delta(13)C in contrasting environments will enhance our ability to select populations for forestry or conservation.  相似文献   

Characterisation of sunflower root colonisation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoma macdonaldii</Emphasis>     

Taissir Abou Al Fadil  Alain Jauneau  Yves Martinez  Martina Rickauer  Grégory Dechamp-Guillaume 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):93-103

Phoma macdonaldii, the causal agent of black stem disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), also attacks roots and collars of the plants, resulting in early death. Totally resistant lines do not exist for infection of the aerial parts, but tolerant lines have been characterised. This paper presents a study on colonisation of a partially resistant and a susceptible sunflower line by P. macdonaldii. The fungus was transformed with a constitutively expressed reporter gene encoding the jellyfish green fluorescent protein via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and colonisation of sunflower roots by this transformed strain was studied by various microscopy techniques including confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that penetration of the fungus into the root occurred through natural fissures or through the epidermis and was similar in both lines. In contrast, the colonisation rate of the stele was reduced in the partially resistant line, and the morphology of the fungal hyphae was also affected. The effect on hyphal morphology was strongest in the stele, indicating a localised production of defence compounds in this line.  相似文献   

Intraspecific diversity of common barley resistance to fungal diseases most widespread in southern Dagestan     

B. A. Batasheva  A. A. Al’derov 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2009,35(3):150-152

A field assessment of a barley collection from the world gene pool for resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust pathogen is carried out against a natural infection background. Broad intraspecific polymorphism of common barley in these traits is shown. A comparative analysis of breeding and local forms is given. The ecogeographic confinement of the traits is studied for the example of local barleys.  相似文献   

The Potato Association of America     

Steven R. James  Lori Wing  Ronald Knight  Barbara Harrity  Devid H. Lambert  Bud Platt  Al Reeves  Bill Bohl  Lind Sanford  Alexander D. Pavlista  Ed Plissey  Richard Sawyer  Joe Guenthner  Willem Schrage  Edward B. Radcilffe  Nora Olsen  Jeff Miller  Rikki Sterrett  Gale W. Harding  Marcin Topoleweki 《American Journal of Potato Research》2000,77(6):369-390

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梅花鹿茸多肽新成分的提取分离及其生物效应研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

董万超  张秀莲  刘春华  张宝香  赵立波  田野 《特产研究》2000,22(2):7-10

梅花鹿二杠茸经４０％ＥｔＯＨ提取,用Ｍｅ２ＣＯ分级沉淀、离心分离,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ２５～５０柱层析纯化,得梅花鹿多肽Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分。测定了Ⅰ和Ⅱ的ＵＶ、ＩＲ光谱。生物效应实验表明,组分Ⅰ和Ⅱ均具有抗炎、促生长作用。  相似文献   

Effects of Salinity on Growth, Survival, and Selected Hematological Parameters of Juvenile Cobia Rachycentron canadum     

Michael R.  Denson  Kevin R.  Stuart Theodore I. J.  Smith Charles R.  Weirlch Al  Segars 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(4):496-504

Cobia Rachycentron canadum juveniles (119.7 mm TL, weight 8.5 g) were reared for 10 wk at three salinity levels: 5 ppt, 15 ppt. and 30 ppt. Growth and survival were determined through biweekly sampling. Blood samples obtained at termination of the study were analyzed to determine hematocrit, blood osmolality, and total protein. Results indicated that the overall growth of fish was significantly affected by salinity. Mean (± SE) total length (TL) and weight of fish reared at a salinity of 30 ppt were 201.7 ± 2.6 mm and 47.6 ± 1.9 g, respectively, followed by fish reared at 15 ppt (182.2 ± 1.7 mm, 34.1 ± 1.6 g). and 5 ppt (168.3 ± 5.8 mm TL, 28.3 ± 2.3 g). Differences in specific growth rates among treatments for the 10-wk period were also significant. No differences were detected in mean survival among fish reared at salinities of 5, 15, and 30 ppt (84, 94, and 94%, respectively). However, fish reared at salinity 5 ppt appeared to be in poor health as skin lesions, fin erosion, and discoloration were evident. Analysis of blood revealed that, while no differences existed among treatments with respect to plasma total protein, fish reared at a salinity of 5 ppt exhibited significantly reduced hematocrit (25% vs. > 30%) and plasma osmolality values (318 vs. > 353 mmolkg) relative to fish reared at higher salinities. Cobia can tolerate exposure to low salinity environments for short periods of time without mortality; however, moderate to high salinities are required for sustained growth and health of this species.  相似文献