Overexpression of CO2-responsive CCT protein,a key regulator of starch synthesis strikingly increases the glucose yield from rice straw for bioethanol production     

Ryutaro Morita  Hiroshi Teramura  Chiaki Ogino  Akihiko Kondo 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(4):441-447

Production of bioethanol from rice straw has attracted attention from the point of effective use of agricultural residue. Starch content is an important determinant for bioethanol production from rice straw. The overexpression of CO₂-responsive CCT protein (CRCT), which is the positive regulator of starch synthesis in vegetative organs, notably increased the starch content in rice straw. To produce the bioethanol from rice straw, the dilute acid pretreatment is a general pretreatment method. Importantly, the glucose yields in liquid hydrolyzate after dilute acid pretreatment was markedly increased in the CRCT overexpression lines compared with non-transgenic rice. In addition, the overexpression of CRCT enhanced the biomass production. In contrast, CRCT did not affect on the glucose yields from cellulose in acid-insoluble residue obtained after dilute acid pretreatment. With respect to byproduct in liquid hydrolyzate which inhibits the fermentation, the formic acid content was increased, whereas the furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acetic acid contents were unchanged by the overexpression of CRCT. These results demonstrate that genetic engineering of CRCT is an effective method to increase the bioethanol production from rice straw.  相似文献   

Genetic profile and serosurvey for virus infections of Japanese wild boars in Shikoku Island     

Ishiguro N  Nishimura M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(6):563-568

To estimate the genetic background of Japanese wild boars inhibiting the 4 prefectures of Shikoku Island (Kagawa, Tokushima, Kouchi and Ehime), we examined haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and genotypes of the nuclear glucosephosphate isomerase-processed pseudogene (GPIP) in 189 wild boars. Of the 8 different mtDNA haplotypes (J5, J10, J12, J13, J15, J19, J20 and E33) detected in Shikoku Island, the first to be identified were J19 and J20 (of Japanese wild boar lineage) and E33 (of European domestic pig lineage). The presence of haplotype E33 indicates local crossbreeding between wild boar and escaped domestic pigs and/or crossbred Inobuta. Four kinds of the GPIP genotypes were detected from 189 wild baors in Shikoku Island, but no European GPIP alleles were found. In 113 wild boars, no antibodies against Classical Swine Fever or Aujeszky's disease were detected, suggesting that they had not been exposed to those pathogens.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetic interactions of flunixin meglumine and enrofloxacin in dogs     

Ogino T  Mizuno Y  Ogata T  Takahashi Y 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(7):1209-1213

OBJECTIVE: To examine pharmacokinetic interactions of flunixin meglumine and enrofloxacin in dogs following simultaneously administered SC injections of these drugs. ANIMALS: 10 Beagles (4 males and 6 females). PROCEDURE: All dogs underwent the following 3 drug administration protocols with a 4-week washout period between treatments: flunixin administration alone (1 mg/kg, SC); simultaneous administration of flunixin (1 mg/kg, SC) and enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, SC); and enrofloxacin administration alone (5 mg/kg, SC). Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein at 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, and 24 hours following SC injections, and pharmacokinetic parameters of flunixin and enrofloxacin were calculated from plasma drug concentrations. RESULTS: Significant increases in the area under the curve (32%) and in the elimination half-life (29%) and a significant decrease (23%) in the elimination rate constant from the central compartment of flunixin were found following coadministration with enrofloxacin, compared with administration of flunixin alone. A significant increase (50%) in the elimination half-life and a significant decrease (21%) in the maximum plasma drug concentration of enrofloxacin were found following coadministration with flunixin, compared with administration of enrofloxacin alone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The observed decrease in drug clearances as a result of coadministration of flunixin and enrofloxacin indicates that these drugs interact during the elimination phase. Consequently, care should be taken during the concomitant use of flunixin and enrofloxacin in dogs to avoid adverse drug reactions.  相似文献   

Cyflumetofen,a novel acaricide – its mode of action and selectivity     

Naotaka Hayashi  Yasuhiro Sasama  Nobuyoshi Takahashi  Naoki Ikemi 《Pest management science》2013,69(9):1080-1084

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Sequence variation of bovine prion protein gene in Japanese cattle (Holstein and Japanese Black)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Nakamitsu S  Miyazawa T  Horiuchi M  Onoe S  Ohoba Y  Kitagawa H  Ishiguro N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(1):27-33

To assess relationships between nucleotide polymorphisms of the prion protein (PRNP) gene and susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), we investigated polymorphisms in the open reading frame (ORF) and 2 upper regions of the PRNP gene from 2 Japanese cattle breeds: 863 healthy Holstein cattle, 6 BSE-affected Holstein cattle, and 186 healthy Japanese Black (JB) cattle. In the ORF, we found single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at nucleotide positions 234 and 576 and found 5 or 6 copies of the octapeptide repeat, but we did not find any amino acid substitutions. In the upper region, we examined 2 sites of insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms: a 23-bp indel in the upper region of exon 1, and a 12-bp indel in the putative promoter region of intron 1. A previous report suggests that the 23-bp indel polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to BSE, but we did not find a difference in allele frequency between healthy and BSE-affected Holstein cattle. There were differences in allele frequency between healthy Holstein and JB cattle at the 23- and 12-bp indels and at the SNPs at nucleotide positions 234 and 576, but there was no difference in allele frequency of the octapeptide repeat. We identified a unique PRNP gene lacking a 288-bp segment (96 amino acids) in DNA samples stocked in our laboratory, but this deletion was not found in any of the 1049 cattle examined in the present study. The present results provide data about variations and distribution of the bovine PRNP gene.  相似文献   

Utilization of correlation network analysis to identify differences in sensory attributes and organoleptic compositions of tomato cultivars grown under salt stress     

Kazufumi Zushi  Naotaka Matsuzoe 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

In tomato production, salt stress is applied to improve the fruit quality. The change in sensory attributes and organoleptic compositions in salt-stressed tomato fruits have been extensively studied; however, little is known about their interaction with each other. Correlation network analysis provides a visual representation of biological systems and useful knowledge for metabolic data analysis of tomato fruits. The aim of this study is to identify the cultivar differences in sensory attributes and organoleptic compositions of tomato fruits grown under salt stress and to elucidate their interaction among different cultivars using correlation network analysis. Salt stress was applied by adding 100 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution. Fruits were harvested at red-ripe stage and used for the evaluation of sensory attributes such as sweetness, sourness, umami, and tomato like, and organoleptic compositions such as sugar, organic acid, amino acid, and sodium ion contents. Almost all of the sensory attributes and organoleptic compositions of the fruit were significantly high in salt-stressed cultivars compared to non-stressed cultivars, and significant differences were also observed among cultivars. The correlation network analysis of the control fruit showed that compared to other traits, sugar is one of the key traits for improvement of tomato fruit quality based on high connectivity and betweenness centrality. In contrast, a high degree of positive connectivity was not observed between organoleptic compositions and sensory attributes in the salt-stressed fruit network. These results indicate that the relationship between sensory attributes and organoleptic compositions in fruits were different between the control and salt-stressed cultivars, suggesting that the salt-stressed fruit may have a different circuit of relationship compared to control. Furthermore, based on the increase ratio (salt stress/control) network results, we suggest that the increased sugar, organic acid, and amino acid contents may have contributed to the salt stress-induced enhancement of sensory attributes.  相似文献   

Plasma cortisol and prolactin secretion rhythms in cattle under varying external environments and management techniques     

Mizuna Ogino  Akihiro Matsuura  Atusi Yamazaki  Mami Irimajiri  Yoshihiro Suzuki  Shiro Kushibiki  Hroyuki Singu  Etsuko Kasuya  Yoshihisa Hasegawa  Koichi Hodate 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(1):58-68

The secretion rhythms of plasma cortisol (CORT) and prolactin (PRL), hormones related to stress responsiveness and biological rhythm and controlled by light and temperature, were investigated under varying external environments and different management techniques. Serial blood samples were collected from female cattle reared in free‐stall and freely fed (FF) conditions (n = 4) or in tie‐stall and restricted feeding (RF) conditions (hay and concentrate twice daily, n = 4). Plasma CORT and PRL concentrations, eating behavior, and environmental parameters were analyzed. Cyclic patterns for each parameter were examined using spectral analysis, and correlations between CORT, PRL and other parameters were investigated using cross‐spectral analysis. Under FF conditions, CORT secretion was not related to the lighting intensity and eating behavior. However, under RF conditions, the CORT secretion rhythm showed a distinct correlation with lighting intensity and eating behavior. Under FF conditions, the PRL secretion rhythm was similar in all seasons. However, under RF conditions, the PRL rhythm oscillated with high frequency in summer and low frequency in winter, indicating a seasonal change in rhythm. The present study demonstrates that hormone secretion rhythms change under different environments and management techniques.  相似文献   

Molecular and biological characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor of parapoxviruses isolated from wild Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus)     

Yasuo Inoshima  Naotaka Ishiguro 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(1-2):63-71

Contagious dermatitis in domestic and wild ruminants caused by parapoxvirus (PPV) occurs worldwide. Although PPV infections appear in cattle, sheep and goats, the papular, nodular, pustular and ulcerated skin lesions of wild Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) are significantly more severe than those of other animals. To determine the factors involved in the severity of these skin lesions, we compared the molecular characteristics of 4 PPV isolates from Japanese serows and 2 isolates from sheep in Japan, and also investigated the biological properties of primary endothelial cells from different host species. All of the 6 Japanese isolates harbored a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene, which is known as one of the virulence factors of PPVs. Three different amino acid sequences of viral VEGF were identified and the sequence was identical among the 4 isolates from the Japanese serows. The temporal expression pattern of viral VEGF mRNA was almost the same among 3 isolates encoding the 3 different VEGFs in infected cells from different host species. Recombinant forms of the 3 different VEGFs showed the ability to induce vascular permeability and endothelial cell proliferation. Primary endothelial cells from Japanese serows were most responsive to recombinant viral VEGF compared to cells from cattle, sheep, and goats. These results suggest that not only the biological activity of viral VEGF but also the high responsiveness to viral VEGF of endothelial cells might be involved in the severe proliferative skin lesions induced by PPV infection in Japanese serows.  相似文献   

Behavior and mutation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ralstonia solanacearum</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum toxicarium</Emphasis> grown in aseptic culture     

Taro Mori  Katsumi Ozaki  Hiromi Matsusaki  Naotaka Matsuzoe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(2):142-146

To study the behavior and mutation of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum toxicarium, which is resistant to bacterial wilt, S. toxicarium was grown in aseptic culture and inoculated with R. solanacearum. Although 60%–80% of the inoculated plants were wilting after 2 to 3 days, most wilted plants had recovered by 20 days after inoculation. The pathogen was reisolated from over 98% of inoculated plant stems, but the percentage of recovery decreased the closer the isolation sites were toward the upper stem sections. Three colony types, characterized as fluidal white, nonfluidal red, and a mixture of fluidal white and nonfluidal red, were reisolated from the stems. Nonfluidal red colonies were less virulent on tomato plants than fluidal white colonies.  相似文献   

Single-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for detection of Borna disease virus RNA in vitro and in vivo.     

T Mizutani  M Ogino  Y Nishino  T Kimura  H Inagaki  D Hayasaka  H Kariwa  I Takashima 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》1999,46(4):165-169

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