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排序方式: 共有607条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
92.
Isidre Llorente Albert Vilardell Pere Vilardell Elisabetta Pattori Riccardo Bugiani Vittorio Rossi Emilio Montesinos 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(1):127-141
Stemphylium vesicarium, the causal agent of brown spot of pear, overwinters in the leaf residues of pear and herbaceous plants of the orchard floor.
Pseudothecia of the teleomorph, Pleospora allii, are formed on these residues where they produce ascospores. New methods were tested aimed at reducing this overwintering
inoculum and increasing the efficacy of control of brown spot of pear. Sanitation methods were evaluated in nine trials in
Girona (Spain) and Ferrara (Italy) over a 4-year period. The sanitation methods were leaf litter removal in December to February,
and application of biological control agents (commercial formulates of Trichoderma spp.) to the orchard ground cover from February to May. Fungicides were also applied to the trees during the pear-growing
season, scheduled according to the BSPcast model. The different methods were tested as stand-alone applications or in combination.
All methods consistently reduced the disease incidence at harvest on fruit with an efficacy between 30 to 60% for leaf litter
removal and more than 60% for the combination of leaf litter removal and biological control. Efficacy of sanitation alone
(leaf litter removal and biological control) in reducing the brown spot level on fruit was similar in most of the trials to
the efficacy obtained when fungicides were applied alone. However, integration of sanitation methods and fungicides did not
improve the efficacy of disease control over the level provided by fungicides alone. 相似文献
93.
Salvatore De Caro Pasquale Ferranti Francesco Addeo Gianfranco Mamone 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
Proteomic techniques were applied for the investigation of “avenin-like protein type-B” in tetraploid wheat. Protein was extracted from endosperm, according to a classical chromatographic procedure and its identity confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The characterization of avenin-like protein type-B was in good agreement with the gene-derived sequence, with the exception of glutamine as N-terminus. The presence in the glutenin extract and the high number of cysteine residues suggested that avenin-like protein type-B is integrated into gluten polymers via inter-chain disulphide bonds. This raises the question of whether the protein could play a role in determining the functional properties of gluten. 相似文献
94.
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96.
Tito Caffi Sara Elisabetta Legler Riccardo Bugiani Vittorio Rossi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,135(4):817-829
Chasmothecia of Erysiphe necator form in one season, survive winter and discharge ascospores that cause primary infections and trigger powdery mildew epidemics in the next season. A strategy for powdery mildew control was developed based on (i) the reduction in overwintering chasmothecia and on (ii) spring fungicide applications to control ascosporic infections timed based on estimate risk (two to five sprays per season). Several fungicides, the hyperparasite Ampelomyces quisqualis, and a mineral oil product were first tested as separate applications in a greenhouse and in vineyards. In the greenhouse, A. quisqualis suppressed chasmothecia formation by 41 %; fungicides and mineral oil suppressed chasmothecia formation by 63 % and ascospore viability by 71 %. In vineyards, application of boscalid + kresoxim-methyl or meptyldinocap once after harvest, as well as application of A. quisqualis pre- and post-harvest, delayed disease onset and epidemic development in the following season by 1 to 3 weeks and lowered disease severity (up to the pea-sized berry stage) by 56 to 63 %. Risk-based applications of sulphur and of synthetic fungicides provided the same control as the grower spray program but required fewer applications (average reduction of 47 %). Sanitation strategies were then tested by combining products and application times (late-season, and/or pre-bud break, and/or spring). Adequate disease control with a reduced number of sprays was achieved with the following combination: two applications of A. quisqualis (pre- and post-harvest), one application of mineral oil before bud break, and model-based applications of sulphur fungicides between bud break and fruit set. 相似文献
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98.
V Furlanetto G Zagotto R Pasquale S Moro B Gatto 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):9162-9170
Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol abundant in fruits and common in our diet, is under intense investigation for its chemopreventive activity resulting from multiple effects. EA inhibits topoisomerase II, but the effects on the human enzyme of urolithins, its monolactone metabolites, are not known. Therefore, the action of several synthetic urolithins toward topoisomerases II was evaluated, showing that polyhydroxylated urolithins, EA, and EA-related compounds are potent inhibitors of the α and β isoforms of human topoisomerase II at submicromolar concentrations. Competition tests demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between ATP and the inhibition of the enzyme. Docking experiments show that the active compounds bind the ATP pocket of the human enzyme, thus supporting the hypothesis that EA and polyhydroxylated urolithins act as ATP-competitive inhibitors of human topoisomerase II. 相似文献
99.
Federico Rossi Ruth M. Potrafka Ferran Garcia Pichel Roberto De Philippis 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2012
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are highly specialized topsoil microbial communities commonly found in arid and semiarid environments, permeated by a polymeric matrix of polysaccharides. BSCs can in principle influence edaphic properties such as texture, pore formation and water retention, which in turn determine water distribution and biological activity in dry lands. This paper investigates the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on BSC hydraulic conductivity, a parameter gauging the ease with which water can move through the pore spaces. Texture, phototroph abundance, microbial composition, and extracellular carbohydrate content were considered as potentially relevant parameters in a correlational study of BSC samples that spanned 1.5 orders of magnitude in hydraulic conductivity. A newly developed, non-destructive extraction method enabled us to directly quantify the specific role of extracellular polysaccharides on soil permeability on a variety of samples. Hydraulic conductivity showed a strongest correlation with texture (positive with sand content, negative with silt and clay). A weaker negative correlation with carbohydrate content, especially with polysaccharides having a molecular weight < 100 kDa, was also detected. In multiple regression analyses texture (silt content) was sufficient to explain most of the variation in hydraulic conductivity However, experimental removal of polymeric carbohydrates, resulted invariably in a substantial decrease in hydraulic conductivity for any given sample (between 1.7 and 3.3 fold). Our results suggest that while soil texture determines overall hydraulic conductivity in BSCs, the presence of exopolysaccharides can significantly enhance it, likely by conferring a spongy structure to a BSC thus increasing the number of waterways within it. 相似文献
100.
M Vignoli M Russo G Catone F Rossi G Attanasi R Terragni JH Saunders GCW England 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(2):209-213
Vascular perfusion was assessed in 10 dogs without prostatic abnormalities and 26 dogs with prostatic disease using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound. The time to reach peak contrast intensity (TTP) and peak perfusion intensity (PPI) were measured, and histological biopsies were collected from each dog. Biopsies confirmed normal prostate (n = 10), benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 11), mixed benign pathology (n = 9), prostatitis (n = 1), prostatic malignancy [adenocarcinoma (n = 4); leiomyosarcoma (n = 1)]. In normal dogs, mean PPI was 16.8% ± 5.8 SD, and mean TTP was 33.6 ± 6.4 s. Benign conditions overall were not statistically different from normal dogs (p > 0.05); for benign prostatic hyperplasia, mean PPI was 16.9 ± 3.8%, and mean TTP was 26.2 ± 5.8 s; for mixed benign pathology mean PPI was 14.8 ± 7.8%, and mean TTP was 31.9 ± 9.7 s; for prostatitis, PPI was 14.2%, and TTP was 25.9 s. The malignant conditions overall had perfusion values that differed from the normal dogs (p < 0.05), although evaluation of the data for individual malignancies did not demonstrate a consistent trend; for adenocarcinomas, the PPI was numerically higher with a mean of 23.7 ± 1.9%, and the mean TTP was 26.9 ± 4.8 s, whilst for the dog with leiomyosarcoma values were numerically lower with a PPI of 14.1% and TTP of 41.3 s. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound appears to offer some ability to document differences in perfusion that may differentiate between malignant and benign lesions, although studies with larger numbers of animals are required to confirm this contention. 相似文献