Cell-specific activation of aflatoxin B1 correlates with presence of some cytochrome P450 enzymes in olfactory and respiratory tissues in horse     

Larsson P  Persson E  Tydén E  Tjälve H 《Research in veterinary science》2003,74(3):227-233

Horses may be exposed to aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) via inhalation of mouldy dust, leading to high exposure of olfactory and respiratory tissues. In the present study the metabolic activation of AFB(1) was examined in olfactory and respiratory tissues in horse. The results showed covalent binding of AFB(1)-metabolites in sustentacular cells and cells of Bowman's glands in the olfactory mucosa, in some cells of the surface epithelium of nasal respiratory, tracheal, bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa and in some glands in these areas. Immunohistochemistry revealed that cells expressing proteins reacting with CYP 3A4- and CYP 2A6/2B6-antibodies had a similar distribution as those having capacity to activate AFB(1). Our data indicate that the cell-specific activation of AFB(1) correlates with presence of some CYP-enzymes in olfactory and respiratory tissues in horse.  相似文献   

Effect of creatine supplementation on muscle metabolic response to a maximal treadmill exercise test in Standardbred horses     

Schuback K  Essén-Gustavsson B  Persson SG 《Equine veterinary journal》2000,32(6):533-540

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of creatine (Cr) supplementation on muscle metabolic response in connection with a maximal treadmill exercise test, known to cause a marked anaerobic metabolic response and adenine nucleotide degradation. First, 6 Standardbred trotters performed a standardised maximal exercise test until fatigue (baseline test). The test used was an inclined incremental treadmill test in which the speed was increased by 1 m/s, starting at 7 m/s, every 60 s until the horse could no longer keep pace with the treadmill. After this baseline test, the horses were separated into 2 equal groups. One half received a dose of 25 g creatine monohydrate twice daily, and the other group were given the same dose of lactose (placebo). The supplementation period was 6.5 days, after which the maximal treadmill exercise test was performed again. A washout period of 14 days was allowed before treatments were switched between groups and a new supplementation period started. After this second supplementation period a new maximal exercise test was performed. After supplementation with creatine or placebo, horses were stopped after performing the same number of speed steps and duration of exercise as they had in the baseline test. Blood samples for analysis of plasma lactate, creatine (Cr), creatinine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid concentrations were collected at rest, during each speed step and during recovery. The total blood volume (TBV) was also determined. Muscle biopsies for analysis of muscle metabolites (adenosine triphosphate [ATP], adenosine diphosphate [ADP], adenosine monophosphate [AMP], inosine monophosphate [IMP], creatine phosphate [CP], lactate [La] and glycogen) were taken at rest, immediately post exercise and after 15 min recovery. The results showed no significant increase in plasma Cr or muscle total creatine concentration (TCr) after supplementation with Cr. At the end of exercise ATP and CP concentrations had decreased and IMP and lactate concentrations increased in muscle in all groups. Plasma lactate concentration increased during exercise and recovery and plasma uric acid concentration increased during recovery in all groups. No influence could be found in TBV after supplementation with creatine. These results show that creatine supplementation in the dosage used in this study had no influence on muscle metabolic response or TBV.  相似文献   

Comparison between the Sperm Morphology in Semen Samples Obtained from Yearling Beef Bulls by Transrectal Massage of the Ampullae and Cauda Epididymal Dissection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y Persson  M McGowan  L Söderquist 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(3):233-237

As electroejaculation (EEJ) is prohibited for use on unanaesthetized animals in Sweden, there is a need for an alternative method of semen collection from bulls in the field. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of transrectal massage (TM) of the ampullae to collect semen from yearling beef bulls under field conditions in Sweden. Transrectal massage was performed on 52 yearling beef bulls. Volume of semen collected, duration of procedure, percentage progressively motile sperm, and sperm concentration were measured. Smears were prepared for sperm morphology examination. Semen samples were obtained from 47 of 52 bulls. Mean volume was 3.2 ml (SD +/- 3.7), mean duration of collection was 7.4 min (SD +/- 2.8), mean percentage progressively motile sperm was 43.5% (SD +/- 29.2) and mean concentration was 201.9 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml (SD +/- 278 x 10(6)). Twenty-three of the 52 bulls were slaughtered 3-4 days after semen collection and aliquots of the cauda epididymal contents were collected for sperm morphology examination. The percentages of proximal droplets, abnormal tails and abnormal midpieces were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the percentage of detached heads was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the post-mortem samples compared with those in the TM samples. However, importantly there was no significant difference between the two sample types in the percentages of abnormal heads. This study demonstrates that semen can be collected from yearling beef bulls by TM. We think that TM constitutes a useful tool, when semen collection with EEJ or artificial vagina (AV) is not possible under field conditions, when included in the bull breeding soundness evaluation (BBSE) protocol. However, further studies are needed, and presently being carried out, to evaluate if semen samples collected by TM are comparable with semen samples collected by AV.  相似文献   

Liver biopsy techniques for adult horses and neonatal foals to assess copper status   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SG PEARCE  EC FIRTH  ND GRACE  PF FENNESSY 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(3):194-198

Objective To evaluate standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals, as techniques for obtaining tissue for assessment of copper status. The techniques were evaluated with respect to ease of use and effect on the animal.
Procedure Twenty of 24 Thoroughbred mares and 21 of their foals were biopsied. The animals were part of a larger study of the effect of copper supplementation on copper status and the prevalence of developmental orthopaedic disease. Livers were also collected from unrelated horses and sampled to investigate the variability in the distribution of copper in liver tissue.
Result The biopsy technique caused no lasting effect on the mares, but there was an increased risk of viscus penetration associated with taking multiple biopsy cores. The use of ultrasonography to scan the target area for the liver identified four cases that were not appropriate candidates for liver biopsy, because of large intestine being located in the biopsy area. In the foals there were no serious postoperative adverse effects, nor was there any evidence of problems caused by the procedure when the abdomen was examined post-mortem at 5 months of age. In livers collected to investigate the variability of copper concentration, copper appeared to be relatively evenly distributed through the liver.
Conclusion Standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals are convenient procedures for obtaining liver tissue for assessing copper status in horses. The use of ultrasound to identify liver tissue is recommended, especially in older mares.  相似文献   

Associations between bacterial genotype and outcome of bovine clinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis     

?sa Lundberg  Anna Aspán  Ann Nyman  Helle Ericsson Unnerstad  Karin Persson Waller 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):2

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of clinical mastitis in dairy cows worldwide. The cure rate after antimicrobial treatment of clinical S. aureus mastitis is very variable due to both cow and bacterial factors. Studies have shown that bacterial genotype might affect short-term bacteriological and clinical cure, but the long-term outcome has been less studied. The objectives of this study were to investigate associations between bacterial genotype and long-term outcome of veterinary-treated clinical mastitis (VTCM) caused by S. aureus during a follow-up period of 120 days and to study genotype variation among Swedish S. aureus isolates. S. aureus isolates from cases of VTCM were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Long-term outcome measurements used were somatic cell count (SCC), additional diagnoses of VTCM, milk yield and culling. Isolates were classified into clusters (>80% similarity) and pulsotypes (100% similarity). Clusters and pulsotypes were grouped according to occurrence. Multivariable mixed-effect linear regression models including cow and bacterial factors with possible influence on SCC or milk yield were used to calculate differences in SCC or milk yield between groups. Additional outcome measures were calculated using a test of proportions.

Results

The isolates (n = 185) were divided into 18 clusters and 29 pulsotypes. Two pulsotypes were classified as common, and were found in 64% of the cases of VTCM. Remaining isolates were classified as less common or rare pulsotypes. The distribution was similar at cluster level. Outcome was calculated from follow-up data on 111 cows. Significantly lower SCC during the follow-up period was found in cows infected with common clusters compared to in cows infected with less common/rare clusters. The proportion of cows with SCC <200 000 cells/ml during the whole follow-up period was significantly higher in the group common clusters than in the group less common/rare clusters. Bacterial genotype did not influence the other outcome parameters.

Conclusions

In Sweden, two S. aureus pulsotypes, identified in about 64% of clinical S. aureus cases, were widespread. Cows infected with the common genotypes had significantly lower SCC during 120 days after treatment compared to cows infected with less common or rare genotypes.  相似文献   

Estradiol-17β-induced calcium uptake and resorption in juvenile rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss     

Petra Persson  Kristina Sundell  Björn Th Björnsson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(5):379-386

Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were injected with estradiol-17β (E₂) in order to study the source of extra calcium needed during vitellogenesis. E₂-treatment increased the calcium uptake from the external medium as well as calcium mobilization from muscle and scale. Judged by the increase in plasma protein-bound calcium levels, the E₂-induced increase in calcium uptake is an apparent over-mobilization of calcium, i.e., the calcium uptake of the fish is in excess of what is found bound to plasma proteins. As the calcium excretion and calcium space (calculated from free plasma calcium levels) were unaffected, the excess calcium is suggested to be incorporated into internal calcium stores. This implies that the systems regulating vitellogenesis and calcium balance are integrated on the mechanistic or endocrine level, and that E₂ causes calcium mobilization of a magnitude geared to the needs of the sexually maturing female.  相似文献   

Myocardial injury in dogs with snake envenomation and its relation to systemic inflammation     

Rebecca Langhorn  Frida Persson  Bjrn blad  Amelia Goddard  Johan P. Schoeman  Jakob L. Willesen  Inge Tarnow  Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(2):174-181

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Microcirculation in the bovine teat skin, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry     

K Persson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1991,32(1):131-133

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Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on potato tuber quality in the European multiple-site experiment ‘CHIP-project’     

V. Vorne  K. Ojanper  L. De Temmerman  M. Bindi  P. Hgy  M. B. Jones  T. Lawson  K. Persson 《European Journal of Agronomy》2002,17(4):369-381

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L cv. Bintje) was exposed to ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (CO₂), to ambient and elevated ozone (O₃) and to elevated levels of both gases during two growing seasons, 1998 and 1999. Experiments in open-top chambers (OTC) were carried out in Finland, Sweden, Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium and a FACE (Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) experiment was carried out in Italy. In OTCs the plants were grown under ambient CO₂ concentrations or with 550 and 680 μl l⁻¹ CO₂ alone or in combination with ambient or elevated O₃ concentrations (target seasonal mean of 60 nl l⁻¹ 8 h per day). In the FACE systems the plants were exposed to ambient or 550 μl l⁻¹ CO₂. In the OTC experiments the reducing sugar content of potato tubers decreased significantly with increased concentration of O₃. The starch content of potato tubers decreased, with negative impact on tuber quality, but the ascorbic acid concentration increased as a function of the AOT40 (The sum of the differences between hourly ozone concentration and 40 nl l⁻¹ for each hour when the concentration exceeds 40 nl l⁻¹ during a relevant growing season). However, simultaneous exposure to elevated CO₂ counteracted the ozone effect. With increase in the CO₂ exposure, glycoalkaloid and nitrate concentrations decreased yielding improved quality, while the citric acid concentration decreased causing a higher risk for discoloration after cooking. The amount of dry matter and starch increased significantly in the FACE experiment.  相似文献   

Underreporting of energy intake is less common among pregnant women in Indonesia     

Winkvist A  Persson V  Hartini TN 《Public health nutrition》2002,5(4):523-529

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