THE CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN E. I. THE STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS OF agr-TOCOPHEROL     

Smith LI  Ungnade HE  Prichard WW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1938,88(2271):37-38

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Detection of Campylobacter Antibodies in Sheep Sera by a Dot‐ELISA Using Acid Extracts from C. fetus ssp. fetus and C. jejuni Strains and Comparison with a Complement Fixation Test     

K. GÜRTÜRK  &#x;. H. EK&#x;N  A. AKSAKAL  H. SOLMAZ 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(3):146-151

In this study, a dot‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (Dot‐ELISA) was evaluated in comparison with a complement fixation test (CFT) for the detection of Campylobacter antibodies in sheep sera. Acid glycine extracts (AGE) of both Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and Campylobacter jejuni strains that had been isolated from the gall‐bladder of slaughtered sheep was used as antigen in both tests. A total of 153 sheep sera from aborted (74) and slaughtered (79) sheep were examined by both Dot‐ELISA and CFT. Twenty‐two sera showed anti‐complementary activity were not suitable for CFT. Of the 22 sera showing anti‐complementary activity, two sera were found to be positive in Dot‐ELISA. Eighty‐eight (67.2%) of the remaining 131 sera were negative by both Dot‐ELISA and CFT using AGE of both Campylobacter strains whereas 43 sera (32.8%) gave different reaction patterns in Dot‐ELISA and CFT with the extracts of both Campylobacter strains. Twelve sera were positive by both tests using AGE of C. fetus ssp. fetus but CFT failed to detect antibodies in nine of these sera when AGE of C. jejuni was used. Twelve sera were positive by both tests only when AGE of C. fetus ssp. fetus was used. Eleven sera were positive only by CFT. Seven of these reacted only with the AGE of C. fetus ssp. fetus and four sera were positive by using AGE of both Campylobacter strains. The remaining eight sera were found to be positive only by dot‐immunobinding assay either with the AGE of both Campylobacter strains or with the AGE of one of the Campylobacter strains. It is concluded that Dot‐ELISA using AGE from C. fetus ssp. fetus could be employed for the detection of Campylobacter antibodies in sheep sera and the additional use of AGE from C. jejuni as antigen appeared not to be profitable for this purpose.  相似文献   

Irrigation water quality options for corn on saline,organic soils     

G. J. Hoffman  T. L. Prichard  E. V. Maas  J. L. Meyer 《Irrigation Science》1986,7(4):265-275

Summary Corn production on the organic soils of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California was affected by the salinity of the irrigation water and the adequacy of salt leaching. Full production was achieved on soils that were saline the previous year, provided the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (EC_i) applied by sprinkling was less than about 2 dS/m and leaching was adequate from either winter rainfall or irrigation to reduce soil salinity (ECM_SW) below the salt tolerance threshold for corn (3.7 dS/m). For subirrigation, an EC_i up to 1.5 dS/m did not decrease yield if leaching had reduced ECM_SW below the threshold. If leaching was not adequate, even nonsaline water did not permit full production. In agreement with previous results obtained in a greenhouse, surface irrigation with water of an electrical conductivity of up to 6 dS/m after mid-season (end of July) did not reduce yield below that of treatments where the salinity of the irrigation water was not increased at mid-season. Results also reconfirm the salt tolerance relationship established in the previous three years of the field trial. The earlier conclusion that the irrigation method (sprinkler or subirrigation) does not influence the salt tolerance relationship was also confirmed.This project was sponsored jointly by the California State Water Resource Control Board, the California Department of Water Resources, the University of California, and the Salinity Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture  相似文献   

Epidemiological study of parasite infection in a cow-calf beef herd in Quebec.     

S Ranjan  C Trudeau  R K Prichard  C Piché  S Bauck 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,42(3-4):281-293

The patterns of gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections in a previously untreated Aberdeen Angus cow-calf herd were observed between May 1988 and December 1990. The cow-calf herd and replacement heifers were on separate pastures. The relatively high mean faecal egg counts of cows and heifers at the time of turnout were mainly owing to the maturation of hypobiotic worms. The strongyle egg counts of calves began to rise soon after turnout onto pasture and reached peak levels at the end of the grazing season. The number of infective larvae on pasture was highest during September/October. Ostertagia, Cooperia and Nematodirus were the most prevalent genera found at necropsy and on pasture. Larvae of these nematodes were able to overwinter on pasture and Ostertagia larvae, additionally, were able to overwinter in the host as arrested early fourth stage larvae. The high egg output of cows at the time of turnout may serve as a source of infection for their calves and be responsible for the late-season rise in pasture larval counts.  相似文献   

A report of three bile duct carcinomas occurring in pigeons     

W S Webster  B C Bullock  R W Prichard 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1969,155(7):1200-1205

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Inhibition of P-glycoprotein enhances sensitivity of Caenorhabditis elegans to ivermectin     

Bernadette F. Ardelli  Roger K. Prichard 《Veterinary parasitology》2013,191(3-4):264-275

In vertebrates, the function of P-glycoprotein (PGP) is to protect against toxic compounds through active efflux of the toxin from target tissues. In clinical oncology, the overexpression of PGP confers drug resistance. The function(s) of PGP in nematode physiology or in conferring drug resistance is less understood. The objective of this study was to determine the role of PGP in drug resistance in nematodes using Caenorhabditis elegans and ivermectin (IVM) as the model system. The IVM sensitive wild-type Bristol N2 strain, seven PGP deletion strains and a triple IVM receptor (avr-14/avr-15/glc-1) knock-out strain showing synthetic resistance to IVM (IVM-R) were used to (1) compare the gene expression signatures of 15 PGPs in the wild-type and resistant strains following treatment; (2) measure motility and pharyngeal pumping phenotypes in the wild-type, IVM-R and PGP deletion strains before and after treatment; and (3) quantify the phenotypic responses of the wild-type and IVM-R strains to IVM or IVM co-administered with 12 chemosensitizers that interfere with PGP function. IVM induced changes in both amplitude and timing of gene expression for the 15 PGP genes. Following IVM treatment, the most significant effects were observed in the IVM-R strain for those PGP genes expressed in the neurons, pharynx and intestine. Inactivation of pgp-2, pgp-5, pgp-6, pgp-7, pgp-12 and pgp-13 resulted in increased sensitivity to IVM compared with the wild-type. The phenotypic responses of the IVM-R strain differed from those of the wild-type strain when exposed to IVM alone, or IVM co-administered with chemosensitizers. The phenotypic responses to the co-administration of chemosensitizers varied with the concentration of IVM used, suggesting that the action of PGP's is influenced by the concentration of IVM. Verapamil restored sensitivity to IVM in the IVM-R strain. Our results demonstrate that PGPs play a role in protecting C. elegans from IVM toxicity and inhibition of PGP enhances susceptibility to IVM. PGP may be a mechanism for multidrug resistance (MDR) in parasitic nematodes.  相似文献   

Efficiency of uterine fluid cytology in the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)          下载免费PDF全文

SC Gahlot  S Kumar  A Kumaresan  S Chand  RK Baithalu  S Lathika  TK Patbandha  SS Lathwal  TK Mohanty 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(3):513-516

This study compared endometrial cytology vis‐a‐vis uterine fluid cytology for assessment of uterine health in clinically normal and subclinical endometritis (SE)‐affected buffaloes. Uterine fluid samples and endometrial samples were collected from the buffaloes (n = 38) at oestrus using blue sheath and cytobrush, respectively. The smears were stained with Field stain for 3 minutes, and a minimum of 400 cells were counted in each smear for determination of the percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocyte. The incidence of subclinical endometritis, based on the cytobrush cytology, was 23.08%. The correlation between cytobrush cytology with uterine fluid cytology was positive and significant (r = .37; p = .02). The ratio of PMN leucocyte in cytobrush cytology to uterine fluid cytology was 1:2.4. ROC analysis revealed that the threshold value of 6.16% PMN leucocyte in uterine fluid cytology showed a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% in differentiating normal from SE‐affected buffaloes. In conclusion, collection of uterine fluid was easier compared to collection of endometrial samples using cytobrush and the percentage of PMN leucocyte in uterine fluid cytology can be used as a tool for diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in buffaloes.  相似文献   

The role of molecular biology in veterinary parasitology   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Prichard R  Tait A 《Veterinary parasitology》2001,98(1-3):169-194

The tools of molecular biology are increasingly relevant to veterinary parasitology. The sequencing of the complete genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other helminths and protozoa is allowing great advances in studying the biology, and improving diagnosis and control of parasites. Unique DNA sequences provide very high levels of specificity for the diagnosis and identification of parasite species and strains, and PCR allows extremely high levels of sensitivity. New techniques, such as the use of uniquely designed molecular beacons and DNA microarrays will eventually allow rapid screening for specific parasite genotypes and assist in diagnostic and epidemiological studies of veterinary parasites. The ability to use genome data to clone and sequence genes which when expressed will provide antigens for vaccine screening and receptors and enzymes for mechanism-based chemotherapy screening will increase our options for parasite control. In addition, DNA vaccines can have desirable characteristics, such as sustained stimulation of the host immune system compared with protein based vaccines. One of the greatest threats to parasite control has been the development of drug resistance in parasites. Our knowledge of the basis of drug resistance and our ability to monitor its development with highly sensitive and specific DNA-based assays for 'resistance'-alleles will help maintain the effectiveness of existing antiparasitic drugs and provide hope that we can maintain control of parasitic disease outbreaks.  相似文献   

Effects of creep feeding, zeranol implants and breed type on beef production: I. Calf and cow performance     

D L Prichard  D D Hargrove  T A Olson  T T Marshall 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(3):609-616

A 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a high-energy creep feed, preweaning zeranol implants and breed type on calf and cow performance. Two hundred calves sired by Brahman and Romana Red bulls out of Angus and Angus x Brown Swiss reciprocal crossbred (F1) dams were stratified by breed type and sex to three creep treatments: no creep feed (NC); long-term creep (LC), creep-fed from 56 to 210 d of age (weaning); and short-term creep (SC), creep-fed from 146 to 210 d of age. Alternate calves within sex, breed type and creep treatment were implanted with 36 mg of zeranol at an average of 56 d and reimplanted 90 d later. The LC and SC calves had heavier (P less than .001) 210-d weights than NC calves (264 and 257 vs 231 kg, respectively), and the LC calves were heavier (P less than .001) at 146 d than NC calves. The LC calves had higher (P less than .001) ADG from 118 to 210 d of age and higher 146 and 210-d condition scores than did NC calves. Pregnancy rate was not affected (P greater than .46) by creep treatment of calf. Zeranol implants increased (P less than .01) 146- and 210-d weights (184 vs 175 kg and 259 vs 243 kg) and ADG during all periods to weaning. Brahman-sired calves had higher (P less than .005) 146- and 210-d weaning weights and frame scores than Romana Red-sired calves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Factors affecting concentrations of progesterone in peripheral plasma of ovariectomised cows during intravaginal treatment with progesterone     

RK MUNRO 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(7):270-271

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