Visceral leishmaniasis in a New York foxhound kennel     

Gaskin AA  Schantz P  Jackson J  Birkenheuer A  Tomlinson L  Gramiccia M  Levy M  Steurer F  Kollmar E  Hegarty BC  Ahn A  Breitschwerdt EB 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(1):34-44

Although endemic throughout much of the world, autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis has been reported on only 3 previous occasions in North America. After diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in 4 foxhounds from a kennel in Dutchess County, New York (index kennel), serum and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-anticoagulated blood were collected from the remaining 108 American or cross-bred foxhounds in the index kennel and from 30 Beagles and Basset Hounds that were periodically housed in the index kennel. Samples were analyzed for antibodies to or DNA of tickborne disease pathogens and Leishmania spp. Most dogs had antibodies to Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp., or some combination of these pathogens but not to Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffi). However, DNA of rickettsial, ehrlichial, or babesial agents was detected in only 9 dogs. Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed in 46 of 112 (41%) foxhounds from the index kennel but was not diagnosed in any of the Beagles and Basset Hounds. A positive Leishmania status was defined by 1 or more of the following criteria: a Leishmania antibody titer > or = 1:64, positive Leishmania polymerase chain reaction (PCR), positive Leishmania culture, or identification of Leishmania amastigotes by cytology or histopathology. The species and zymodeme of Leishmania that infected the foxhounds was determined to be Leishmania infantum MON-1 by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Foxhounds that were > 18 months of age or that had traveled to the southeastern United States were more likely to be diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis. Transmission of Leishmania spp. in kennel outbreaks may involve exposure to an insect vector, direct transmission, or vertical transmission.  相似文献   

Characterization of rDNA sequences from Syphacia obvelata, Syphacia muris, and Aspiculuris tetraptera and development of a PCR-based method for identification     

Parel JD  Galula JU  Ooi HK 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,153(3-4):379-383

To differentiate the morphologically similar pinworms of the common laboratory rodents, such as Syphacia obvelata and Syphacia muris, we amplified and sequenced the region spanning the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1), 5.8S gene, and ITS-2 of the ribosomal DNA followed by designing of species-specific primers for future use in the identification of the worms. It was observed that S. obvelata, S. muris and Aspiculuris tetraptera can be differentiated from each other based on their rDNA sequences. This is the first report of the ITS-1, 5.8S, and ITS-2 of the rDNA of the three aforementioned rodent pinworm species. The use of restriction endonucleases, AluI or RsaI, further allowed the delineation of the three species. Moreover, we also constructed species-specific primers that were designed for unique regions of the ITS-2 of the three species. This approach allowed their specific identification with no amplicons being amplified from heterogenous DNA samples, and sequencing confirmed the identity of the sequences amplified. Thus, the use of these specific primers along with PCR-RFLP can serve as useful tools for the identification of pinworms in rats, mice, and wild rodents.  相似文献   

Lack of transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 to weanling pigs by feeding them spray-dried porcine plasma     

Pujols J  López-Soria S  Segalés J  Fort M  Sibila M  Rosell R  Solanes D  Russell L  Campbell J  Crenshaw J  Weaver E  Polo J 《The Veterinary record》2008,163(18):536-538

An experiment was conducted to determine whether spray-dried porcine plasma containing 2.47 x 10(5) dna copies of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) could infect weanling pigs when fed to them. Five specific pathogen-free (spf) weanling pigs were fed ad libitum for 45 days a control diet and six pigs were fed a test diet containing 8 kg sdpp per 100 kg feed. The two groups were housed in separate biosecurity level-3 rooms. None of the pigs in either group developed any clinical signs or became pcv-2 viraemic or seroconverted.  相似文献   

Practicality, Usefulness, and Limits of Pulse Oximetry in Critical Small Animal Patients     

Joan C. Hendricks VMD  PhD  Dip. ACVIM  Lesley G. King MVB  MRCVS  Dip. ACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1993,3(1):5-12

Pulse oximetry holds the promise of wide application for monitoring and assessing pulmonary function in small animal patients. Although the saturation as read by pulse oximetry (SpO2) has previously been shown to be accurate in healthy dogs, its accuracy and usefulness have not been demonstrated in critical small animal patients. The present study assessed the accuracy and usefulness of a pulse oximeter (Ohmeda Biox 3740, Ohmeda, Louisville, CO) in a small animal intensive care unit. The instrument yielded readings in 48 of 51 attempts in 33 animals (25 dogs, 8 cats). Criteria were developed to reject spurious readings; when these criteria were applied, the actual calculated SaO2 differed from the SpO2 by O.26 +2.2%, with a correlation of 0.87 (p<0.0001). The 95% confidence interval was +4.4%, comparable to the accepted level in humans. No ill effects from SpO2 were apparent in the patients, and the instrument was useful in monitoring the progress of critical animals. However, uncritical use of the oximeter could have led to gross patient mismanagement, as SpO2 readings as much as 29% different from SaO2 were sometimes obtained.  相似文献   

Yachting veterinary surgeon collects cheque     

Dr Joan Barrie  GEORGE A. KLUTH 《The Journal of small animal practice》1993,34(10):534-534

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Inability of goldenseal to interfere with the detection of morphine in urine     

Joan Combie MSc  Thomas E. Nugent  Thomas Tobin MVB  MSc  PhD  MRCVS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1982,2(1):16-21

Preparations of the herb, goldenseal, have been used in an attempt to thwart detection of morphine in urine of human addicts and racing horses. To assess the potential of goldenseal to interfere with equine drug detection, horses were dosed with morphine (0.1 mg/kg IV) and, in one experimental series, also with goldenseal (60 mg/kg, p.o.). Goldenseal resulted in significant increases in urine volume, specific gravity and acidity. A significant decrease in total morphine excreted occurred 5–6 hours after dosing. It was concluded that with inclusion of an efficient hydrolysis step in the analysis, goldenseal was unlikely to interfere with urine tests for morphine, even if water loading was included in the dosing regimen.  相似文献   

The shared landscape: what does aesthetics have to do with ecology?   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Paul H. Gobster  Joan I. Nassauer  Terry C. Daniel  Gary Fry 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(7):959-972

This collaborative essay grows out of a debate about the relationship between aesthetics and ecology and the possibility of an “ecological aesthetic” that affects landscape planning, design, and management. We describe our common understandings and unresolved questions about this relationship, including the importance of aesthetics in understanding and affecting landscape change and the ways in which aesthetics and ecology may have either complementary or contradictory implications for a landscape. To help understand these issues, we first outline a conceptual model of the aesthetics–ecology relationship. We posit that: 1. While human and environmental phenomena occur at widely varying scales, humans engage with environmental phenomena at a particular scale: that of human experience of our landscape surroundings. That is the human “perceptible realm.” 2. Interactions within this realm give rise to aesthetic experiences, which can lead to changes affecting humans and the landscape, and thus ecosystems. 3. Context affects aesthetic experience of landscapes. Context includes both effects of different landscape types (wild, agricultural, cultural, and metropolitan landscapes) and effects of different personal–social situational activities or concerns. We argue that some contexts elicit aesthetic experiences that have traditionally been called “scenic beauty,” while other contexts elicit different aesthetic experiences, such as perceived care, attachment, and identity. Last, we discuss how interventions through landscape planning, design, and management; or through enhanced knowledge might establish desirable relationships between aesthetics and ecology, and we examine the controversial characteristics of such ecological aesthetics. While these interventions may help sustain beneficial landscape patterns and practices, they are inherently normative, and we consider their ethical implications.  相似文献   

Effect of nucleotides and carob pulp on gut health and performance of weanling piglets     

N. Andrs-Elias  J. Pujols  I. Badiola  D. Torrallardona 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):280-283

Nucleotides and carob pulp were tested as possible alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for newly weaned pigs. Four dietary treatments were used: basal diet, nucleotides, carob pulp and nucleotides + carob pulp. Performance was measured in a group of 72 pigs. Another group of 60 pigs was used for histological measurements of the jejunal mucosa and microbiological measurements by RFLP in ileum and caecum at different post-weaning intervals. Treatment did not affect performance. On the other hand, the morphology parameters of the jejunum were significantly (P < 0.001) affected by day after-weaning. No effects (P > 0.05) of treatment were observed on these parameters. The similarity (intra and inter-group) of the intestinal microbiota decreased with day after-weaning (P < 0.001) and was also affected by dietary treatment (P < 0.05). The nucleotide diets had the highest similarities in the ileum whereas the carob pulp diets had the lowest in the caecum. It is concluded that both nucleotides and carob pulp are able to modulate the changes in microbiota composition after weaning and that whereas nucleotides act in the ileum, carob pulp acts in the caecum.  相似文献   

Intervertebral disk prolapse in a ferret.     

Neus Morera  Xavier Valls  Joan Mascort 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2006,9(3):667-671

This case report describes the diagnosis and resolution of an inter-vertebral disk prolapse in a 6-year-old ferret. No predisposing causes were found in the patient's history. A right hemilaminectomy, performed 1 week after presentation, was chosen to treat the patient surgically, and complete remission of clinical signs was achieved 2 months after presentation.  相似文献   

The control of rotting and browning of litchi fruit by hot benomyl and plastic film     

Kevin J. Scott  Brian I. Brown  Grantley R. Chaplin  Mary E. Wilcox  Joan M. Bain 《Scientia Horticulturae》1982,16(3):253-262

Browning, weight loss and rotting of litchis (Litchi chinensis Sonn) were studied in 3 seasons with fruit from several growing-areas in Australia. Post-harvest wastage was reduced when the fruit were dipped in hot benomyl and packed in plastic film. A benomyl dip (0.05% at 52°C for 2 min) followed by packing the fruit in punnets and over-wrapping with a “cling” pvc film (0.01 mm thickness) is suggested for controlling rotting, browning and loss in weight at temperatures of 20–30°C.  相似文献